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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2025

Design, Control, and Protection of a 13.2 kV, 1 MVA Solid State Transformer for Electric Vehicle Extreme Fast Charging Station

In this article, a medium-voltage (MV) ac-dc solid state transformer (SST) for electric vehicle (EV) extreme fast charging (XFC) station is proposed. The SST adopts a cascaded H-bridge (CHB)-based structure where the active front end (AFE) power stages are connected in input-series followed by dual active bridge (DAB) converters connected in an output-parallel configuration providing galvanic isolation through a high-frequency transformer (HFT). The SST is rated for 1 MVA and connects directly to a three-phase 13.2 kV MV ac grid through ac switchgear and outputs 750-V dc. At the dc bus, several dc/dc converters are connected, each of which can charge an EV based on its battery capacity. A novel decentralized control architecture of the SST is adopted in this work which simplifies the MV dc link voltage and module-level power balancing. In addition, the local and central protection designs of the SST are presented which identify and respond to the internal fault of the system. Finally, the experimental validations of the SST hardware prototype are presented up to the rated voltage. Furthermore, this article details the design and implementation of the MV SST addressing the challenges of an isolated MV class power converter for connecting directly to the MV ac grid with unique controller architecture, distributed protection framework, and SST constructional features.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2020

WiiBin

WiiBin is a framework to determine architecture of an unknown binary and locate opcode sections within the same binary via supervised machine learning.

Beckman, BryanR↗

NASA NTRS1988

The Flight Telerobotic Servicer Project and systems overview

As part of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) project an advanced telerobotic system is being developed to assist in and reduce crew extravehicular activity (EVA) for the U.S. Space Station. The FTS will be used for assembly, maintenance, servicing, and inspection throughout the lifetime of the Space Station. A brief overview of the FTS program is given, and some of the technical and system engineering issues associated with the development of the FTS are explored. A key to the evolutionary capability of the FTS design is the NASREM (NASA Standard Reference Model for telerobot control system) architecture. This architecture provides the framework for future growth and permits a logical blend of teleoperation and autonomous operations as required.

Mccain, Harry G.↗

NASA NTRS2010

FAILSAFE Health Management for Embedded Systems

The FAILSAFE project is developing concepts and prototype implementations for software health management in mission- critical, real-time embedded systems. The project unites features of the industry-standard ARINC 653 Avionics Application Software Standard Interface and JPL s Mission Data System (MDS) technology (see figure). The ARINC 653 standard establishes requirements for the services provided by partitioned, real-time operating systems. The MDS technology provides a state analysis method, canonical architecture, and software framework that facilitates the design and implementation of software-intensive complex systems. The MDS technology has been used to provide the health management function for an ARINC 653 application implementation. In particular, the focus is on showing how this combination enables reasoning about, and recovering from, application software problems.

Horvath, Gregory A.↗

NASA NTRS2010

Predictor-Based Model Reference Adaptive Control

This paper is devoted to the design and analysis of a predictor-based model reference adaptive control. Stable adaptive laws are derived using Lyapunov framework. The proposed architecture is compared with the now classical model reference adaptive control. A simulation example is presented in which numerical evidence indicates that the proposed controller yields improved transient characteristics.

Lavretsky, Eugene↗

NASA NTRS2011

Long Duration Space Missions: Human Subsystem Risks and Requirements

This viewgraph presentation reviews the human health and performance risks associated with long duration space flight beyond low earth orbit. The contents include: 1) Human Research Program; 2) Human Subsystem Risks; 3) Human Exploration Framework Team (HEFT) Architecture Elements; 4) Potentially Unacceptable Risks -1; 5) Potentially Unacceptable Risks-2; and 6) Major Mission Drivers of Risk.

Kundrot, Criag E.↗

NASA NTRS2020

Enabling Entry Technologies for Ice Giant Missions

The highest priority science goals for Ice Giant missions are: 1) Interior structure of the Planet, and 2) Bulk composition that includes isotopes and noble gases. The interaction between the planetary interior and the atmosphere requires sustained global measurements. Noble gas and Isotope measurements require in situ measurement. Drag modulated aerocapture utilizing ADEPT offers more mass delivered to the Ice Giants than with propulsive orbit insertion. The Galileo Probe entered at a ‘hot’ spot which created interpretation challenges. Juno is providing valuable orbital measurements, but without in situ measurements the story is incomplete. Planetary scientists interested in Ice Giant missions should perform mission design studies with these new Entry System technologies to assess the feasibility within the context of the international collaboration framework. A mission architecture that includes probe(s) along with an orbiting spacecraft can deploy the probes at the desired location while taking simultaneous measurements from orbit to provide invaluable data that can correlate both global and local measurements. Entry System Technologies currently being developed by NASA are poised to enable missions that position the Orbiter & Probes through drag modulated aerocapture (ADEPT), and HEEET enables the Probes to survive the extreme environments encountered for entry into the atmospheric interior.

Venkatapathy, E.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Parallel Hybrid Turboprop Performance Modeling and Optimization

NASA’s Electrified Powertrain Flight Demonstration (EPFD) project conducts ground and flight tests of integrated Megawatt (MW) class hybrid-electric powertrain systems on regional turboprop aircraft demonstrators. To meet the increased demand for assessment of potential capabilities and benefits from these novel vehicle configurations, NASA is developing tooling and models to estimate the performance of hybridized regional turboprops. This paper covers the development of a parametrically driven performance model for a De Havilland Canada Dash 8-400 (Q400) regional turboprop integrated with a novel parallel hybrid architecture using the Gascon framework. Gascon is a modern reimplementation of the General Aviation Synthesis Program (GASP) built using the Condor mathematical modeling framework in Python. Within Gascon, a parametric representation of the parallel hybrid architecture was synthesized, which features the electric motor coupled to the power turbine. This capability allows for in-the-loop optimization of the parametric parallel hybrid architecture to characterize the mission capabilities and fuel savings of the design and determine optimal power scheduling strategies for efficient electric power management for a given mission. The study shows that a fuel savings of up to 20% can be achieved, but that increased fuel savings comes at the expense of payload capacity.

Gascon↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Parallel Hybrid Turboprop Performance Modeling and Optimization

Gascon↗

NASA NTRS2004

Network Theory: A Primer and Questions for Air Transportation Systems Applications

A new understanding (with potential applications to air transportation systems) has emerged in the past five years in the scientific field of networks. This development emerges in large part because we now have a new laboratory for developing theories about complex networks: The Internet. The premise of this new understanding is that most complex networks of interest, both of nature and of human contrivance, exhibit a fundamentally different behavior than thought for over two hundred years under classical graph theory. Classical theory held that networks exhibited random behavior, characterized by normal, (e.g., Gaussian or Poisson) degree distributions of the connectivity between nodes by links. The new understanding turns this idea on its head: networks of interest exhibit scale-free (or small world) degree distributions of connectivity, characterized by power law distributions. The implications of scale-free behavior for air transportation systems include the potential that some behaviors of complex system architectures might be analyzed through relatively simple approximations of local elements of the system. For air transportation applications, this presentation proposes a framework for constructing topologies (architectures) that represent the relationships between mobility, flight operations, aircraft requirements, and airspace capacity, and the related externalities in airspace procedures and architectures. The proposed architectures or topologies may serve as a framework for posing comparative and combinative analyses of performance, cost, security, environmental, and related metrics.

Holmes, Bruce J.↗

NASA NTRS2018

Project-domain Science Traceability and Alignment Framework (P-STAF): Analysis of a Payload Architecture

Large science-focused space missions often have multiple instruments working together to address broad science goals. Systems engineers on these types of projects must work with the project scientists to evaluate trades and make decisions that result in a system that efficiently serves the mission science goals. This collaboration is more effective if the systems engineers understand both the traceability from the L1 customer requirements to the selected instruments and the contributions of each instrument in the context of the whole payload suite. These relationships might be understood implicitly by the science team on a project, but there is value in formally codifying them so this understanding can be accessed and formally analyzed by a broader systems engineering effort. We first described a framework for this communication, called the Project-domain Science Traceability and Alignment Framework (P-STAF), in the IEEE 2017 paper “A Framework for Extending the Science Traceability Matrix: Application to the Planned Europa Mission.” This paper shows how that basic framework can be leveraged to not only formally capture these relationships between the instruments and the customer needs, but also how that information can be codified in an analyzable graph that can be queried to provide a better understanding of mission risks and scope. This work was drawn from the application of P-STAF to the Europa Clipper mission, but generic example networks are used to illustrate the power of this technique.

Reinholtz, Kirk↗

NASA NTRS2019

A Distributed Hierarchical Framework for Autonomous Spacecraft Control

Future human space missions for exploring beyond low Earth orbit are in the conceptual design stage. One such mission describes a habitat in cis-lunar orbit that is visited by crew periodically, others describe missions to Mars. These missions have one important thing in common: the need for autonomy on the spacecraft. This need stems from the latency and bandwidth constraints on communications between the vehicle and ground control. A variable amount of autonomy may be necessary whether the spacecraft has crew on board or not. Spacecraft are complex systems that are engineered as a collection of subsystems. These subsystems work together to control the overall state of the spacecraft. As such, solutions that increase the autonomy of the spacecraft (called autonomous functions) should respect both the independence and interconnectedness of the spacecraft subsystems. This distributed and hierarchical approach to system monitoring and control is a key idea in the Modular Autonomous Systems Technology (MAST) framework. The MAST framework enables a component-based architecture that provides interfaces and structure to developing autonomous technologies. The framework enforces a distributed, hierarchical architecture for autonomous control systems across subsystems, systems, elements, and vehicles. An example autonomous system was implemented in this framework and tested using realistic spacecraft software and hardware simulations. This paper will discuss the framework, tests conducted, results, and future work.

Badger, Julia M.↗

DOE OSTI2022

NASMDR: a framework for miRNA-drug resistance prediction using efficient neural architecture search and graph isomorphism networks

Abstract As a frontier field of individualized therapy, microRNA (miRNA) pharmacogenomics facilitates the understanding of different individual responses to certain drugs and provides a reasonable reference for clinical treatment. However, the known drug resistance-associated miRNAs are not yet sufficient to support precision medicine. Although existing methods are effective, they all focus on modelling miRNA-drug resistance interaction graphs, making their performance bounded by the interaction density. In this study, we propose a framework for miRNA-drug resistance prediction through efficient neural architecture search and graph isomorphism networks (NASMDR). NASMDR uses attribute information instead of the commonly used interactive graph information. In the cross-validation experiment, the proposed framework can achieve an AUC of 0.9468 on the ncDR dataset, which is 2.29% higher than the state-of-the-art method. In addition, we propose a novel sequence characterization approach, k-mer Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (KSNMF). The results show that NASMDR provides novel insights for integrating efficient neural architecture search and graph isomorphic networks into a unified framework to predict drug resistance-related miRNAs. The codes for NASMDR are available at https://github.com/kaizheng-academic/NASMDR.

Zheng, Kai↗

DOE OSTI2023

Automated Credibility Assessments of User Features in Scientific Software

Scientific software (SciSoft) is complex, often containing a mixture of production capabilities co-mingled with features under active research and development. Furthermore, SciSoft is often developed over decades by non-computer scientists who may not have a strong background in or prioritize software architecture design, testing, and quality (e.g., test coverage). These conditions lead to difficulty in understanding which software components or functions implement what user-facing features and therefore those features’ software quality pedigree. This lack of understanding poses challenges in assessing readiness and credibility of user features, and often relies on a SciSoft subject matter expert’s (SME) laborious investigation and assertion. This final report of a one-year Computing and Information Sciences Lab Directed Research and Development project presents a general framework for modeling SciSoft architecture as a direct relationship between user features and the software components/functions that implement them. Our approach leverages automated labeling of the SciSoft’s regression test suite and employs machine learning algorithms to construct the architecture model. We demonstrate this framework on the Solid Mechanics component of the SIERRA multi-physics engineering analysis suite developed at Sandia National Laboratories.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS2011

Error Propagation Analysis in the SAE Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL) and the EDICT Tool Framework

This report documents the capabilities of the EDICT tools for error modeling and error propagation analysis when operating with models defined in the Architecture Analysis & Design Language (AADL). We discuss our experience using the EDICT error analysis capabilities on a model of the Scalable Processor-Independent Design for Enhanced Reliability (SPIDER) architecture that uses the Reliable Optical Bus (ROBUS). Based on these experiences we draw some initial conclusions about model based design techniques for error modeling and analysis of highly reliable computing architectures.

LaValley, Brian W.↗

DOE OSTI2025

The Concept and Role of Reference Architectures In NIF LRU Refurbishment Factories within LLNL

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) operates one of the most advanced laser systems in the world, relying on a vast number of optical components and Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) to maintain its functionality. Over time, these components degrade due to operational wear, necessitating refurbishment to sustain performance. However, many NIF LRU refurbishment factories have been “mothballed” or suffer from aging infrastructure, inconsistent work flows, and inefficiencies due to different approaches to production control and management. This paper explores the concept of reference architecture as a standardized framework to guide the redevelopment and restructuring of NIF LRU refurbishment factories. By establishing a common reference architecture, the refurbishment process can achieve reduced inefficiencies, produce quality products, and enhanced coordination across factories. This paper evaluates existing reference architectures, particularly those that integrate technical architecture, business architecture, customer context perspectives, and proposes tailored reference architecture for NIF LRU refurbishment factories.

42 ENGINEERING↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Validation of a Probabilistic Continuity Assessment Method for Earth Observation Portfolios

With the increased reliance on spaceborne Earth observation data among the Earth science community and other end users, it is important that efforts are made to promote data continuity for a range of parameters of interest. Continuity gaps may occur between missions measuring like parameters due to mission development delays or early termination and introduce the potential of increased uncertainty for retrieved parameters. To inform portfolio-level decisions for Earth observing missions, Ivanco et al. developed a method that enables the assessment of the probability of continuity gaps for multi-mission architectures and provides a framework to assess this probability in the context of multiple scenarios that represent possible future states of the architecture [Ivanco et al., “A Scenario-Based Approach to Assess Continuity Gaps in Earth Observations,” IEEE Aerospace Conf., 2024]. While this method was previously applied to assess continuity gaps for a specific multi-mission architecture, it had not yet been validated with historical data. This paper outlines the process of validating the probabilistic gap assessment method by utilizing data obtained from past NASA Earth Science mission formulation documents and provides a discussion of the results and takeaways from the validation. Future areas of improvement pertaining to both the modeling and simulation methodologies and underlying assumptions are identified and discussed.

Katharine Burn↗

NASA NTRS2018

F Prime: An Open-Source Framework for Small-Scale Flight Software Systems

Developing ﬂight software for small-scale missions such as CubeSats and SmallSats is challenging. These missions typically have ambitious goals, modest budgets, and tight schedules. To meet these challenges, a good ﬂight software framework is essential. Frameworks can provide an architecture, infrastructure, tools, and reusable software components, all of which can help developers deliver their code on time and on budget. In this paper we present F Prime, a free, open-source ﬂight software framework developed at JPL and tailored to small-scale systems such as CubeSats, SmallSats, and instruments. F Prime comprises several elements: (1) an architecture that decomposes ﬂight software into discrete components with well-deﬁned interfaces; (2) a C++ framework that provides core capabilities such as message queues and threads; (3) tools for specifying components and connections and automatically generating code; (4) a growing collection of ready-to-use components; and (5) tools for testing ﬂight software at the unit and integration levels.We describe the F Prime framework and tools and present our experience using them. We describe several enhancements to the framework currently underway in the areas of software design, software veriﬁcation, and ground data systems for testing.

Levison, Jeffrey W.↗