Energy-chirp compensation of laser-driven ion beams enabled by structured targets
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In this paper, a realistic wave optics simulation method has been developed to study how wavefront distortions originating from heat load deformations can be corrected using adaptive X-ray optics. Several planned soft X-ray and tender X-ray insertion-device beamlines in the Advanced Light Source upgrade rely on a common design principle. A flat, first mirror intercepts the white beam; vertical focusing is provided by a variable-line-space monochromator; and horizontal focusing comes from a single, pre-figured, adaptive mirror. A variety of scenarios to cope with thermal distortion in the first mirror are studied by finite-element analysis. The degradation of the intensity distribution at the focal plane is analyzed and the adaptive optics that correct it is modeled. The range of correctable wavefront errors across the operating range of the beamlines is reported in terms of mirror curvature and spatial frequencies. The software developed is a one-dimensional wavefront propagation package made available in the OASYS suite, an adaptable, customizable and efficient beamline modeling platform.
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Optical grade silicone has various properties that make it attractive for solar concentrators, such as excellent transmission across the solar spectrum and flexible moldability for freeform profiles. In this study, a glass–silicone lens structure is proposed to reduce the optothermal effect on the silicone lens. Experimental measurements and simulation modeling results demonstrate that the focal length sensitivity of the glass–silicone lens with respect to temperature can be reduced by a factor of 10 when compared to a silicone lens alone. This model has been extended to the simulation of a proposed two-stage silicone solar concentrator, consisting of an array of acylindrical lenslets and rows of waveguides that focus light onto microphotovoltaic cells. The optical efficiency of the solar concentration system showed a change of less than 10% compared to the efficiency at room temperature for temperature changes from − <#comment/> 10 ∘ <#comment/> C to 70°C.