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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2022

Digital Flight: A New Cooperative Operating Mode to Complement VFR and IFR

Digital Flight is a proposed new operating mode for all airspace users, complementing and adding to the existing operating modes of visual and instrument flight rules (VFR and IFR) and providing for cooperative integration in controlled airspace. Under new regulations (Digital Flight Rules, DFR) that set requirements for its sustained use, qualified operators employ Digital Flight to enhance their airspace access and operational flexibility in all visibility conditions and eventually all airspace classes without requiring segregation from incumbent operations. Enabled by connected digital information and technologies, Digital Flight operators employ cooperative practices and self-separation to ensure flight path safety in lieu of visual procedures or receiving separation services from Air Traffic Control. Its distributed structure and automated functions enable traffic densities and operational tempos not achievable with the existing operating modes. Various ongoing and emerging industry initiatives for enabling new entrants (e.g., unmanned aircraft systems, urban air taxis) and enhanced use of underserved airspace (e.g., ultra-high altitude), are pursuing various alternative operating modes with significant similarities, creating a unique and time-limited opportunity for harmonization and convergence. Digital Flight is proposed to serve that harmonizing role, creating a common new paradigm for airspace operations. Such convergence would not only bring together these emerging market segments but will also bolster the existing operators with access to this new operating mode and its advantages. Digital Flight provides an opportunity to focus regulatory development and benefit the aviation industry. This paper describes Digital Flight in sufficient detail to initiate community engagement and deliberation on a common new operating mode. It describes the essential elements, principal capabilities, and operational integration of DFR in shared airspace. It describes the value proposition from multiple perspectives and presents initial thoughts on the path forward.

Digital flight↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Seeding Innovative Ideas and Partnering with the Ecosystem

Jenn Gustetic will talk about how NASA selects ideas and collaborates with the ecosystem to develop new technologies for NASA’s portfolio. She will explain how the organization encourages collaboration, co-invests to develop ideas from lab to market, and acts as the hub-and-spoke of the ecosystem. Jenn will also discuss NASA’s journey to break silos and work horizontally across programs. • Gathering and evaluating ideas internally and externally with diverse players – engaging communities, being the hub-and-spoke of the ecosystem, and encouraging collaboration through co-investments • Identify the best ideas, funding ideas from maturation to hand-off with fluctuating budgets, and managing IP and tech transfer • Balancing investments in projects that address NASA’s needs with higher risk ideas that may not have an obvious application • Transitioning ideas to the next phase – training people and teams and ensuring ownership • Developing a 3.0 innovation capacity strategy – disrupting silos, enabling the ecosystem to work seamlessly together, and taking people and leaders along

innovation↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Employing NASA Earth Observations and Socioeconomic Data to Conduct Site Suitability Analyses on Residential Tree Planting Initiatives in Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix, Arizona is the hottest large city in the United States with an average summer daytime temperature of 106°F. Temperatures in Phoenix continue to climb due to increasing global greenhouse gas concentrations and regional urbanization. The impacts of high temperatures, including heat-related illnesses and deaths, are disproportionately concentrated in low-income neighborhoods often characterized by little tree canopy, lack of green space, and insufficient access to shade. The City of Phoenix’s Office of Heat Response and Mitigation and Arizona State University’s Urban Climate Research Center, partnered with NASA DEVELOP to identify residential neighborhoods and parcels within qualified census tracts (QCTs) to be prioritized for tree planting initiatives using funding from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA). This project conducted analyses using NASA Earth observations, socioeconomic data from the 2019 American Community Survey, and local tree canopy and mobility data. For Earth observations, daytime land surface temperature, vegetation, and land cover were obtained from the Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) and Operational Land Imager (OLI). The project team incorporated these data into a heat vulnerability index (HVI) with an emphasis on tree canopy and social vulnerability to rank block groups within QCTs and focused on the resulting top 25 block group HVI scores. These top 25 most vulnerable block groups were then processed through a parcel analysis to determine the feasibility of residential tree planting based on building footprints on each parcel. Within the top 25 block groups, 2,411 parcels were analyzed, and 3,133 existing trees were identified averaging 1.3 trees per parcel with 90% of parcels having 3 trees or less. Homes with 2 trees or fewer were considered high priority for future planting efforts. Based on the City’s goals for increased tree canopy the project team determined that <10,000 additional trees would need to be planted within the most vulnerable 25 block groups. The project findings have helped initiate community engagement efforts and have contributed to the approval of tree planting funds in Phoenix.

Ryan Hammock↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Aero Fair 2023 Master Slide Deck

Aero Fair is an effort to connect with underrepresented children and middle schools in the community, engage with middle school students early in their lives to spark interest in a STEM education, and feature NASA Ames Aeronautics. the presentation is a lesson plan for designed for middle school students.

Christina L Cheung↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA GEOS Forecasting Capabilities for Air Quality

An overview of GEOS Forecasting capabilities for Air Quality, showing the evolution from GEOS with GOCART to GEOS with GEOS-Chem. Ways to access GEOS for research scientists and engaged community members will be given, as well as examples on how the GEOS-CF forecasts can be bias-corrected and downscaled for decision making processes.

K Emma Knowland↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA’s Earth System Observatory Formulation Overview

NASA’s Earth System Observatory (ESO) is an array of Earth-focused, interconnected satellite missions focused on five core study areas: Surface Biology and Geology, Mass Change, Aerosols, Surface Deformation and Change, and Clouds, Convection, and Precipitation. Observatory development follows recommendations from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine’s 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey. Data gathered by ESO missions will provide actionable science to inform decisions related to climate change, disaster mitigation, and wildfires, improve real-time agricultural processes, and many other applications. Targeting launch dates in the late 2020s and early 2030s, each ESO satellite will deliver valuable information, but by working together as a single observatory system, their combined data and imagery will provide the global community with a 4D, holistic view of Earth, from bedrock to atmosphere. The ESO is also building on the legacy of international collaboration in Earth science, with initial participation and collaboration on these missions across space agency partners, including the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). This paper provides an overview of ESO, as well as an update on ESO missions currently in formulation – the Atmosphere Observing System, Mass Change, and Surface Biology and Geology elements – including current mission architectures, international partner collaboration, science community engagement, and applications efforts, as well as how NASA and its partners will make ESO data accessible to users all over the world.

NASA Earth Science↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA GEOS Forecasting Capabilities for Air Quality

K Emma Knowland↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA’s Earth System Observatory Formulation Progress

The 2017 Earth Science Decadal Survey by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine identified five foundational observations, or Designated Observables (DO), to be implemented as missions by NASA. To address these five DO areas – Surface Biology and Geology; Mass Change; Aerosols; Cloud, Convection, and Precipitation; and Surface Deformation and Change – NASA is developing the Earth System Observatory (ESO) as an array of Earth-focused, interconnected satellite missions. The ESO will build on the strong history of international partnerships in NASA Earth science, with initial participation and collaboration on these missions across space agency partners including the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), and Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI). Targeting launch dates in the late 2020s and early 2030s, the ESO will work as a single observatory, with each satellite in the ESO delivering its own valuable information, but taken together, the data and imagery will provide the global community with a multidimensional, holistic view of the Earth. In addition to furthering the world’s scientific knowledge, data gathered by ESO missions will provide actionable science to inform decisions related to climate change, disaster mitigation, and wildfires, improve real-time agricultural processes, and many other applications. This paper will provide an overview of the ESO development activities, as well as an update on the individual ESO missions currently in formulation – Atmosphere Observing System, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment-Continuity, and Surface Biology and Geology – including current mission architectures and concepts, international partner collaboration, science community engagement, and applications efforts, as well as how ESO data will be freely open and accessible to users all over the world.

NASA Earth Science↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Impacts and Conclusions of NASA DEVELOP’s Environmental Justice Landscape Analyses and Feasibility Studies

The NASA DEVELOP National Program builds dual capacity in their partner organizations and participants (students and early or transitioning career professionals) to apply Earth science and remote sensing for decision making about environmental and policy issues. The first iteration of projects at DEVELOP’s Environmental Justice (EJ) node conducted landscape analyses to identify geospatial understandings and needs of organizations working at the intersection of EJ and disasters and air quality. Their findings about collaboration, community engagement, networking, and holistic approaches to justice informed the planning and structures of the EJ node’s successive feasibility projects, which leverage NASA Earth observations and sociodemographic and economic data to provide geospatial analyses tailored to partner concerns. This poster provides an overview of DEVELOP’s approach to conducting EJ feasibility projects, use of Earth observations, end products, project outcomes, challenges, and impacts.

Julianne Bo-Heen Liu↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Mars Climate Modeling Center at NASA Ames Research Center: Overview of Recent Science, Model Development, and Progress Making Tools Publicly Available and Accessible

In addition to conducting science investigations on the atmosphere and climate of Mars, a main function of the Mars Climate Modeling Center at NASA Ames Research Center is to develop, maintain, and make available to the community state-of-the-art Mars Global Climate Models (MGCMs). Our goal here is to present the status of the Ames MGCM, an overview of our ongoing science projects, the tools we have recently made publicly available, and our plans for releases and continued community engagement.

M A Kahre↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Integrating Low-Cost Sensor Systems and Networks to Enhance Air Quality Applications

Recent advances in low-cost air quality sensor systems are rapidly increasing the accessibility of air quality information around the world. At the same time, there are many technical challenges to appropriately and effectively using of the information they provide. A key opportunity to increase the applicability and actionability of low-cost sensor data is to use these devices at network scale and combine their information with insights from other air quality data sources such as numerical models and satellite remote sensing. When the limitations of low-cost sensors are understood and acknowledged, and appropriate complementary data are used to overcome these limitations, low cost sensors can support a variety of applications such as improving location-specific air quality forecasting and estimation, quantifying local source impacts, identifying air quality disparities, assessing the benefits of mitigation actions, and promoting community engagement with air quality issues. This presentation will first provide an overview and summarize key findings from a recently released World Meteorological Organization report discussing how networks of low-cost air quality sensor systems can be integrated to effectively support such applications. The presentation will also give a brief overview of an ongoing NASA-funded effort to create accessible tools for integrating multiple sources of air quality information, including global forecasting models, satellite remote sensing data, and in-situ information from both regulatory and low-cost monitors.

Carl Malings↗

DOE OSTI2022

Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics -- a collection of perspectives

This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute of Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Achieving American Leadership in Cybersecurity and Digital Components Factsheet

The Biden Administration’s efforts to meet 100% clean electricity by 2035 and net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 has created opportunities to rebuild American supply chains create new jobs, strengthen community engagement, and spur U.S. economic growth. DOE’s strategy for success in the transition to a clean energy economy hinges on building and maintaining technology supply chains that are advanced, secure, and resilient to cyber threats. As the energy sector grows increasingly globalized, complex, and digitized, the supply chain for digital components of energy systems – including software, virtual platforms and services, and data – is facing greater threats. Nearly all digital components of U.S. energy sector systems are vulnerable to cyber supply chain instability, stemming from a variety of causes and shared among a broad set of interdependent stakeholders. Overall, supply chain risks for digital components in energy sector systems will continue to evolve and likely increase as these systems are increasingly interconnected, digitized, and remotely operated.

CCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

How to Read the Snowmass White Papers on Power Dynamics in Physics, Informal Socialization in Physics Training, and Policing and Gatekeeping in STEM

The Community Engagement Frontier presents this set of three white papers, as part of Snowmass 2021. These papers address critical issues -- Power Dynamics in Physics, Informal Socialization in Physics Training, and Policing and Gatekeeping in STEM -- that make significant impacts on the experiences of the people who work in and learn particle physics. In this introductory document, we present crosscutting concepts that appear in each paper, and some advice on how to manage readers' responses to the contents. We expect that you will learn something new here. We hope that whatever you encounter, you will be energized to increase justice in this discipline we all love.

Hodari, Apriel K.↗

DOE OSTI2022

EVI-Equity

EVI-Equity (Electric Vehicle Infrastructure for Equity) is a $200k project, started around in June of 2021, with a funding from the Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO). The motivation was to create a new analytical capability that can enable us to quantify and investigate equitable access to and distribution of existing and future deployment of PEVs and EVSEs in neighborhoods, cities, states, and the nation. EVI-Equity is a bottom-up equity-focused analysis model, built upon individual (synthetic) households, aggregated by census block groups. It consists of four core components - community engagement, environmental profiling, household expenditures, and network design. Although there are some commonalities, EVI-Equity is not a vehicle choice model, charging simulation model, or transportation demand model. EVI-Equity is rather a cross-cutting analysis tool, dedicated for evaluating equitable EV adoption and EVSE deployment, encompassing and bridging a wide variety of related tools, models, and frameworks. Some of the results indicate the importance of used vehicle market for low-income households. The presentation also highlights similarities and variations as to preferred public charging locations. For example, regardless of household income, retail spots are the most preferred location for public charging, followed by curbside/street. However, the results also imply that the importance of workplace charging may vary with income - the lower the income, the less important. Environmental profiling results, with an example of ground-level ozone in Atlanta area, show that the contrast between the haves and the have nots of plug-in electric vehicles depends on location. The assessment of household expenditures illustrates the economic impact of home charging access on an individual household level - the lower the income, the greater the impact is. Lastly, Denver metro area and the state of South Dakota are used to showcase the impact of different network design of charging infrastructure, as well as alternative (vs. baseline/existing) electric vehicle adoption pattern.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗

DOE OSTI2023

STAND Quickstart Guide

STAND is a flexible web application designed to identify and examine potentially feasible sites where advanced nuclear facilities might be welcomed by host communities. STAND allows the user to explore and provide insight on socioeconomic, proximity, and safety data, generate county reports, review regulatory data, and complete a comparative analysis across multiple sites by following several paths, either individually or sequentially based on the user’s needs and where they are in the deployment process. STAND is best used for the contiguous United States. STAND is not a substitute for the in-depth studies required to qualify a site for hosting a nuclear facility, nor is it a substitute for the necessary community engagement to build trust and seek consent. It can, however, be a valuable resource to aid in the siting process.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

DOE OSTI2020

Planning for Nuclear Power Plant Site Visits - 20481

The U.5. Department of Energy Office of Integrated Waste Management (DOE-IWM) is planning for future large-scale transport of commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste (HLW) to eventual disposal and/or storage facilities. As part of its planning efforts, DOE conducts evaluations of removing SNF from nuclear power plant sites. Site visits are a pivotal piece in the site evaluations that are conducted by DOE, and significant planning efforts are undertaken to design and implement site visits. Site visits typically include three days of surveys and meetings, including one day each for the nuclear power plant site visit, evaluating near-site transportation infrastructure, and meeting with community engagement panels or advisory boards. This paper outlines DOE-IWM's planning process for conducting nuclear power plant site visits and summarizes the key activities carried out to prepare for a site visit, including a discussion of the background research conducted prior to a site visit. Additionally, the paper describes the development of reference databases for site visits, the identification of unique site characteristics, and the use of geographic information system (GIS) applications to enhance the quality of the information collected during a site visit. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2024

Evaluating the Hybrid Modelling Competition: A Step Towards Developing Good Modelling Practice

Hybrid modelling, a combination of mechanistic and data-driven modelling, is a promis¬ing approach to advance current mathematical models towards improved deci¬sion support tools for today's water-related challenges. Researchers have been develop¬ing guidelines or references for good modelling practices in the water field for mecha¬nistic (Rieger et al., 2012) and data-driven (Zhu et al., 2023) modelling, respectively. However, good modelling practices for hybrid modelling are currently missing (Schneider et al., 2022). Therefore, the International Water Association’s (IWA) hybrid modelling working group initiated the first competition on a data science competition platform (i.e. Kaggle) for water resource recovery modelling at the Watermatex con¬ference in September 2023 in Quebec. The main objective of this competition was to gain insights and experience to create good modelling practices. Further goals were to motivate students, researchers, and practitioners model, foster a vibrant and engaged community, and evaluate the efficacy of com¬petitions in solving modelling challenges within the water domain. Our next goal is that facilities will measure and gather relevant data for future competitions to solve their challenges from a modeller’s perspective.

Schneider, Mariane↗