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DOE OSTI2025

Soybean rust‐resistant and tolerant varieties identified through the Pan‐African Trial Network

Abstract BACKGROUND The global demand for soybeans is increasing rapidly, with projections indicating an escalation of 70–80 million metric tons over the next decade. Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) contributes significantly to this growth, with soybean production increasing by 6.8% per year, outpacing the global average increase of 4.7%. Despite the expansion, soybean productivity in Africa remains less than half of the global average. This yield gap is largely due to diseases and pests, such as soybean rust, which can be particularly severe. Effective management of soybean rust depends on several factors, including resistant cultivars. However, there has been limited information on the rust‐resistance levels of African cultivars. To address this gap, the Pan‐African Trial network conducted soybean varietal trials across diverse locations. RESULT Analyzing data from 370 individual trials conducted between 2015–2022, the network identified 81 cultivars with sufficient rust‐resistance data. Six cultivars including, Black Hawk, Dundee, Egret, Heron, Ibis, and Peka 06 were found to be resistant, and 12 were classified as tolerant. CONCLUSION This research is a significant step forward in improving soybean productivity in Africa, and further assessments are being undertaken to address other crop production challenges in the region. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Favoretto, Vitor Rampazzo [Cenex Harvest States (C↗

DOE OSTI2025

Frustrated charge density wave and quasi-long-range bond-orientational order in the magnetic kagome FeGe

The intrinsic frustrated nature of a kagome lattice is amenable to the realization of exotic phases of matter, such as quantum spin liquids or spin ices, and the multiple-q charge density waves (CDW) in the kagome metals. Despite intense efforts to understand the mechanism driving the electronic modulations, its origin is still unknown and obscured by competing interactions and intertwined orders. Here, we identify a dimerization-driven 2D hexagonal charge-diffuse precursor in the antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeGe and demonstrate that the fraction of dimerized/undimerized states is the relevant order parameter of the multiple-q CDW of a continuous phase transition. The pretransitional charge fluctuations with propagation vector q = q M at T CDW < T < T*(125 K) are anisotropic, hence holding a quasi-long-range bond-orientational order. The broken translational symmetry emerges from the anisotropic diffuse precursor, akin to the Ising scenario of antiferromagnetic triangular lattices. The temperature and momentum dependence of the critical scattering show parallels to the stacked hexatic B-phases reported in liquid crystals and transient states of CDWs and highlight the key role of the topological defect-mediated melting of the CDW in FeGe.

Subires, D. [Donostia International Physics Center↗

DOE OSTI2021

A field guide to cultivating computational biology

Evolving in sync with the computation revolution over the past 30 years, computational biology has emerged as a mature scientific field. While the field has made major contributions toward improving scientific knowledge and human health, individual computational biology practitioners at various institutions often languish in career development. As optimistic biologists passionate about the future of our field, we propose solutions for both eager and reluctant individual scientists, institutions, publishers, funding agencies, and educators to fully embrace computational biology. We believe that in order to pave the way for the next generation of discoveries, we need to improve recognition for computational biologists and better align pathways of career success with pathways of scientific progress. With 10 outlined steps, we call on all adjacent fields to move away from the traditional individual, single-discipline investigator research model and embrace multidisciplinary, data-driven, team science.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1980

Remote sensing research activities related to academic institutions

The role of research in the educational setting is discussed. Curriculum developments for integrating teaching and research are described. Remote sensing technology is used as an example of bridging the gap between research and application. Recommendations are presented for strengthing research groups.

Myers, V. I.↗

DOE OSTI2025

FlowDash Geothermal Energy Enhancer: Where is Next Geothermal Resource? Machine Learning + Multiple Datasets => Geothermal Exploration Indication?

This is the presentation delivered at the 2025 GEODE Datathon competition. GEODE is a consortium of experts that addresses technology and knowledge gaps in geothermal energy, leveraging technology and best practices from the oil and gas industry. NETL team was awarded the 1st place in the engineering track. 2025 GEODE Datathon had a total of 42 teams from top universities and several major industrial companies. This awarded work is founded on a robust idea and innovative approach that uses machine learning coupled to multiple datasets to visualize geothermal “sweet” spots/indications in Great Basin based on the data provided from the GEODE Datathon. The use case also leveraged other datasets and demonstrated insightful and valuable indications for geothermal exploration.

Geothermal energy, Machine learning, Multiple Data↗

NASA NTRS2003

Aeronautics Education, Research, and Industry Alliance (AERIAL) Year 2 Report and Year 3 Proposal

Bowen, Brent D.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Early Career Perspectives to Broaden the Scope of Critical Zone Science

Abstract Critical Zone (CZ) scientists have advanced understanding of Earth's surface through process‐based research that quantifies water, energy, and mass fluxes in predominantly undisturbed systems. However, the CZ is being increasingly altered by humans through climate and land use change. Expanding the scope of CZ science to include both human‐ and non‐human controls on the CZ is important for understanding anthropogenic impacts to Earth's surface processes and ecosystem services. Here, we share perspectives from predominantly U.S.‐based, early career CZ scientists centered around broadening the scope of CZ science to focus on societally relevant science through a transdisciplinary science framework. We call for increased training on transdisciplinary methods and collaboration opportunities across disciplines and with stakeholders to foster a scientific community that values transdisciplinary science alongside physical science. Here, we build on existing transdisciplinary research frameworks by highlighting the need for institutional support to include and educate graduate students throughout the research processes. We also call for graduate‐student‐led initiatives to increase their own exposure to transdisciplinary science through activities such as transdisciplinary‐focused seminars and symposiums, volunteering with local conservation groups, and participating in internships outside academia.

Warix, Sara [University of Utah Department of Geol↗

DOE OSTI2020

Actinide Research Quarterly, First Quarter 2020: 25 Years, Commemorative Issue, 9 Articles from the Archive

This quarter we are celebrating the 25 th anniversary of Actinide Research Quarterly. The publication was established in 1995 by the former Nuclear Materials Technology Division of TA-55 at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), before later becoming part of the Glenn T. Seaborg Institute and the National Security Education Center. A total of 64 issues have been produced, covering the full spectrum of topics related to actinide science and research, including contributions from esteemed scientists such as Glenn Seaborg and Siegfried Hecker. This back catalog is available electronically at www.lanl.gov/arq.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2021

Economic Impact of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) on the State of Washington in Fiscal Year 2020

The FY 2020 Economic Impact Report details several of PNNL’s economic indicators, including PNNL’s total economic output, annual spending, jobs, number of employees, purchased goods and services, companies with roots in PNNL, STEM support and corporate charitable contributions. It also explains the economic impact of PNNL operations on the state of Washington—all within the context of PNNL’s response to the COVID pandemic and the effect of COVID-19 on PNNL’s economic impact within the state and local community during FY 2020. The results are impressive. Our response to COVID allowed for the majority of our staff to transition to telework, stay productive, avoid furloughs, and even hire new staff. COVID had minimal impact on our ability to positively effect economic impact in the state and community. Additionally, we directly and indirectly supported more than $1.59B through PNNL payroll and domestic purchased goods and services, and we generated 7,580 jobs in Washington State. PNNL’s annual spending was more than $1.1B. Battelle and PNNL contributions to philanthropic and civic organizations totaled $1.08M, many of which are outlined within the report. This information is intended to answer questions we often get from stakeholders who believe in the power of science and technology institutions to help sustain vibrant, educated communities in our state.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

DOE OSTI2025

Five PMI Isolates from Populus Deltoides and Populus Trichocarpa

Five bacterial isolates were isolated from the roots of poplar trees (Populus deltoides and P. trichocarpa), which are model organisms and a main focus of the Plant-Microbe Interfaces (PMI) project at ORNL. These strains belong to genera are not well represented and give a more complete view of the microbial community and bacterial interactions with poplar trees. These strains will support future studies and contribute to the broader PMI goal of understanding microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interactions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Elucidating the impact of fiber source on polypropylene/hemp composite performance for the automotive industry

Given their high strength-to-weight ratio, there is an ever-increasing volume of plastics being used in the automotive industry as plastics aid in the charge to lightweight vehicles for improved fuel efficiency. However, these plastics are often landfilled at their end-of-life, which has given rise to the demand for sustainable materials and waste management alternatives compared to purely synthetic systems. Natural fiber composites have been explored as a viable material option to reduce the environmental impact of plastic use in automobiles while simultaneously ensuring the part performance is not sacrificed. Herein, we explored the use of hemp/polypropylene (PP) composites in which US-sourced hemp is compared to internationally sourced and industrially available hemp. There appears to be a minimal impact on the composite properties regardless of fiber sourcing, and the addition of a natural filler to the PP matrix results in up to a 367% increase in Young's modulus, 126% increase in heat deflection temperature, and comparable water uptake performance. It should be noted that the natural filler addition does increase density by up to 13% due to the higher density of natural fibers compared to the low-density PP matrix. A modified rule of mixtures calculation revealed that the composite materials produced in this study demonstrated good agreement with analytical modeling. Finally, a screening analysis was performed exploring the transportation of hemp fibers, and the results build a strong case for regionalized manufacturing of automotive parts.

Hubbard, Amber M. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (↗

DOE OSTI2025

Epitaxial aluminum layer on antimonide heterostructures for exploring Josephson junction effects

In this study, we present results of our recent work of epitaxially-grown aluminum (epi-Al) on antimonide heterostructures, where the epi-Al thin film is grown at either room temperature or below zero °C. A sharp superconducting transition at T ∼ 1.3 K is observed in these epi-Al films. We further show that supercurrent states are realized in Josephson junctions fabricated in the epi-Al/antimonide heterostructures with mobility μ ∼ 1.0 × 10 6 cm 2 /Vs. These results clearly demonstrate we have achieved growing high-quality epi-Al/antimonide heterostructures, a promising platform for the exploration of Josephson junction effects for quantum information science and microelectronics applications.

Antimonide heterostructures↗

DOE OSTI2024

Sustaining Nuclear Security Education Through INSEN

The International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) was established in 2010 with a mission to enhance global nuclear security through nuclear security-focused educational initiatives. INSEN is a partnership through which the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), academic and research institutions, and other stakeholders cooperate to promote effective and sustainable nuclear security education. INSEN currently comprises 206 members (institutions) from 72 member states and 14 observers. This paper provides an overview of its role in developing and promoting nuclear security education

Metwally, Walid↗

NASA NTRS1999

The Conference Proceedings of the 1999 Air Transport Research Group (ATRG) of the WCTR Society

The UNO (University of Nebraska at Omaha) Aviation Institute Monograph Series began in 1994 as a key component of the education outreach and information transfer missions of the Aviation Institute and the NASA Nebraska Space Grant & EPSCoR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research) Programs. The series is an outlet for aviation materials to be indexed and disseminated through an efficient medium. Publications are welcome in all aspects of aviation. Publication formats may include, but are not limited to, conference proceedings, bibliographies, research reports, manuals, technical reports, and other documents that should be archived and indexed for future reference by the aviation and world wide communities.

Zhang, Anming↗

NASA NTRS1999

NASA EPSCoR Nebraska Preparation Grant: Year 1

The UNO Aviation Institute Monograph Series began in 1994 as a key component of the education outreach and information transfer missions of the Aviation Institute and the NASA Nebraska Space Grant & EPSCOR (Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research) Programs. The series is an outlet for aviation materials to be indexed and disseminated through an efficient medium. Publications are welcome in all aspects of aviation. Publication formats may include, but are not limited to, conference proceedings, bibliographies, research reports, manuals, technical reports, and other documents that should be archived and indexed for future reference by the aviation and world wide communities.

Bowen, Brent D.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Nebraska Initiative for Aerospace Research and Industrial Development (NIARID)

Bowen, Brent↗

NASA NTRS2003

The Conference Proceedings of the 2003 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, Volume 2

Bowen, Brent↗

NASA NTRS2003

The Conference Proceedings of the 2003 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) World Conference, Volume 5

The UNO Aviation Institute Monograph Series began in 1994 as a key component of the education outreach and information transfer missions of the Aviation Institute and the NASA Nebraska Space Grant & EPSCoR Programs. The series is an outlet for aviation materials to be indexed and disseminated through an efficient medium. Publications are welcome in all aspects of aviation. Publication formats may include, but are not limited to, conference proceedings, bibliographies, research reports, manuals, technical reports, and other documents that should be archived and indexed for future reference by the aviation and world wide communities. The Conference proceedings of the 2003 Air Transport Research Society (ATRS) world conference, volume 5 is presented. The topics include: 1) The Temporal Configuration of Airline Networks in Europe; 2) Determination and Applications of Environmental Costs at Different Sized Airports-Aircraft Noise and Engine Emissions; 3) Cost Effective Measures to Reduce CO2 Emissions in the Air Freight Sector; 4) An Assessment of the Sustainability of Air Transport System: Quantification of Indicators; 5) Regulation, Competition and Network Evolution in Aviation; 6) Regulation in the Air: Price and Frequency Cap; 7) Industry Consolidation and Future Airline Network Structures in Europe; 8) Application of Core Theory to the U.S. Airline Industry; 9) Air Freight Transshipment Route Choice Analysis; 10) A Fuzzy Approach of the Competition on Air Transport Market; and 11) Developing Passenger Demand Models for International Aviation from/to Egypt: A Case Study of Cairo Airport and Egyptair.

Bowen, Brent↗