Search for 3.5-millimeter continuum radiation from infrared stars and related objects
IR stars and galaxies measurements, determining 3.5 mm continuum radiation intensity
Hobbs, R. W.↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “INFRARED RADIATION”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Concept for a Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Closure Experiment – Antarctica (FORCE-A)
The next decade promises to be an incredibly exciting time in climate science. There are two new space flight missions, PREFIRE and FORUM, that will open the far-infrared spectrum to direct, accurate observations for the first time. PREFIRE is planned to operate between 2022 and 2024 and FORUM will launch in late 2025 or early 2026. The TICFIRE instrument is also a candidate for the NASA A-CCP mission to be launched in the 2028 timeframe. A key focus of these missions and instruments is improved understanding of polar climates. In support of these missions we present a concept for a radiative closure experiment to be conducted in Antarctica during the PREFIRE mission lifetime and then again during the operational FORUM and TICFIRE/A-CCP missions. The main component of the campaigns would be a long-duration balloon flight launched from McMurdo Station with the potential of 1-2 months aloft. Candidate balloon flight instrumentation includes a far-IR Fourier transform spectrometer and far-IR radiometers. Ground based instrumentation includes zenith viewing infrared and far-infrared spectrometers, lidars, and microwave radiometers. The objective of the FORCE-A campaign is to demonstrate radiative closure in the infrared with the multiple campaign instruments combined with the numerous relevant satellite instruments that pass overhead every 30 minutes (AIRS, CrIS, IASI, MODIS, VIIRS, CERES, BBR, Libera). The campaign will serve to advance radiation sciences as well as to provide the means for validation of the new far-infrared observations.
Martin G Mlynczak↗
Stratospheric instruments and analyses
The Instruments are divided into two groups, ground based instruments and satellite-borne instruments. The ground based instruments include a Dobson ozone spectrophotometer, a filter ozonometer, and ozonesondes. The satellite-borne instruments include: a backscatter ultraviolet spectrometer, a high resolution infrared radiation sounder, a infrared interferometer spectrometer, a limb radiance inversion radiometer, and multichannel filter radiometer. A list of investigations using stratospheric satellite data is presented.
Source record↗
Validation of POLDER/ADEOS data using a ground-based lidar network: Preliminary results for semi-transparent and cirrus clouds
At mid and tropical latitudes, cirrus clouds are present more than 50% of the time in satellites observations. Due to their large spatial and temporal coverage, and associated low temperatures, cirrus clouds have a major influence on the Earth-Ocean-Atmosphere energy balance through their effects on the incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation. At present the impact of cirrus clouds on climate is well recognized but remains to be asserted more precisely, for their optical and radiative properties are not very well known. In order to understand the effects of cirrus clouds on climate, their optical and radiative characteristics of these clouds need to be determined accurately at different scales in different locations i.e. latitude. Lidars are well suited to observe cirrus clouds, they can detect very thin and semi-transparent layers, and retrieve the clouds geometrical properties i.e. altitude and multilayers, as well as radiative properties i.e. optical depth, backscattering phase functions of ice crystals. Moreover the linear depolarization ratio can give information on the ice crystal shape. In addition, the data collected with an airborne version of POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances) instrument have shown that bidirectional polarized measurements can provide information on cirrus cloud microphysical properties (crystal shapes, preferred orientation in space). The spaceborne version of POLDER-1 has been flown on ADEOS-1 platform during 8 months (October 96 - June 97), and the next POLDER-2 instrument will be launched in 2000 on ADEOS-2. The POLDER-1 cloud inversion algorithms are currently under validation. For cirrus clouds, a validation based on comparisons between cloud properties retrieved from POLDER-1 data and cloud properties inferred from a ground-based lidar network is currently under consideration. We present the first results of the validation.
Chepfer, H.↗
Uncooled tunneling infrared sensor
An uncooled infrared tunneling sensor in which the only moving part is a diaphragm which is deflected into contact with a micromachined silicon tip electrode prepared by a novel lithographic process. Similarly prepared deflection electrodes employ electrostatic force to control the deflection of a silicon nitride, flat diaphragm membrane. The diaphragm exhibits a high resonant frequency which reduces the sensor's sensitivity to vibration. A high bandwidth feedback circuit controls the tunneling current by adjusting the deflection voltage to maintain a constant deflection of the membrane which would otherwise change deflection depending upon incident infrared radiation. The resulting infrared sensor will meet or exceed the performance of all other broadband, uncooled, infrared sensors and can be miniaturized to pixel dimensions smaller than 100 .mu.m. The technology is readily implemented as a small-format linear array suitable for commercial and spacecraft applications.
Kenny, Thomas W.↗
Circumstellar Dust Disks Around Young Stars
Kuiper Airborne Observatory observations of several resolved far-infrared structures that are likely to represent disks formed during the process of the collapse of a cloud to form a star are discussed. An infrared radiation nebula, star HH57, and SVS13 were studied. Forty seven and 95 micron maps of far infrared radiation are given.
Cohen, M.↗
TPSAS-NF1676L-28217-DND
The climate of the thermosphere is controlled in part by cooling to space driven by infrared radiation from nitric oxide (NO, 5.3μm), carbon dioxide (CO2, 15μm), and atomic oxygen (O, 63μm). The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite measures the vertical distribution of infrared radiation emitted by various atmospheric gases (ozone, water vapor, as well as nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide), providing important information about the radiation budget in the upper atmosphere. SABER was launched in December 2001 and began making measurements in January 2002. From these radiance measurements, we have more than 15 years of derived scan fluxes and global daily infrared power and energy radiated by NO and CO2 in the thermosphere.
L A Hunt↗
Active Galactic Nucleus Obscuration from Winds: From Dusty Infrared-Driven to Warm and X-Ray Photoionized
We present calculations of active galactic nucleus winds at approx.parsec scales along with the associated obscuration. We take into account the pressure of infrared radiation on dust grains and the interaction of X-rays from a central black hole with hot and cold plasma. Infrared radiation (IR) is incorporated in radiation-hydrodynamic simulations adopting the flux-limited diffusion approximation. We find that in the range of X-ray luminosities L = 0.05-0.6 L(sub Edd), the Compton-thick part of the flow (aka torus) has an opening angle of approximately 72deg - 75deg regardless of the luminosity. At L > or approx. 0.1, the outflowing dusty wind provides the obscuration with IR pressure playing a major role. The global flow consists of two phases: the cold flow at inclinations (theta) > or approx.70deg and a hot, ionized wind of lower density at lower inclinations. The dynamical pressure of the hot wind is important in shaping the denser IR-supported flow. At luminosities < or = 0.1 L(sub Edd) episodes of outflow are followed by extended periods when the wind switches to slow accretion. Key words: acceleration of particles . galaxies: active . hydrodynamics . methods: numerical Online-only material: color figures
Dorodnitsyn, Anton V.↗
Far-infrared emission from the bulges of early-type spirals: KAO observations of NGC 4736 (M94) and NGC 3627 (M66)
We present new high spatial resolution Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) 50 and 100 micrometers measurements of the ringed Sab galaxy NGC 4736 and the Sb galaxy NGC 3627. We detect strong far-infrared emission (approximately 10(exp 9) solar luminosity) from the bulge areas of these galaxies, regions where there is little observed star formation. This far-infrared radiation is extended over the bulge with spatial distributions similar to that of the old stellar population. The ratio of far-infrared to H-alpha luminosity for these central sources is significantly larger than for the star-forming regions in these galaxies. This ratio is higher than can be accounted for by dust heating due to a population of young stars with a mass distribution similar to the Salpeter initial mass function assuming current estimates of extinction, unless the upper mass limit is unusually low (approximately B1 stars). On the other hand, the bolometric luminosity of the observed bulge stars is sufficient to account for the far-infrared radiation. Thus, older stars are likely to be important in heating dust in these bulges. The dust in the centers of these galaxies is quite warm, approximately 40 K (lambda(exp -1) emissivity), however, the interstellar radiation fields derived from the optical luminosities are consistent with these temperatures without invoking hidden central star formation or a dusty active galactic nucleus.
Smith, Beverly J.↗
Growth and photomorphogenesis of pepper plants under red light-emitting diodes with supplemental blue or far-red lighting
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are a potential irradiation source for intensive plant culture systems and photobiological research. They have small size, low mass, a long functional life, and narrow spectral output. In this study, we measured the growth and dry matter partitioning of 'Hungarian Wax' pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants grown under red LEDs compared with similar plants grown under red LEDs with supplemental blue or far-red radiation or under broad spectrum metal halide (MH) lamps. Additionally, we describe the thermal and spectral characteristics of these sources. The LEDs used in this study had a narrow bandwidth at half peak height (25 nm) and a focused maximum spectral output at 660 nm for the red and 735 nm for the far-red. Near infrared radiation (800 to 3000 nm) was below detection and thermal infrared radiation (3000 to 50,000 nm) was lower in the LEDs compared to the MH source. Although the red to far-red ratio varied considerably, the calculated phytochrome photostationary state (phi) was only slightly different between the radiation sources. Plant biomass was reduced when peppers were grown under red LEDs in the absence of blue wavelengths compared to plants grown under supplemental blue fluorescent lamps or MH lamps. The addition of far-red radiation resulted in taller plants with greater stem mass than red LEDs alone. There were fewer leaves under red or red plus far-red radiation than with lamps producing blue wavelengths. These results indicate that red LEDs may be suitable, in proper combination with other wavelengths of light, for the culture of plants in tightly controlled environments such as space-based plant culture systems.
NASA Discipline Life Support Systems↗
Thermal radiation in Arctic stratus clouds
Infrared radiative properties of Arctic stratus clouds in the 10.1-12.7 micron wavelength region are determined from a series of aircraft measurements. The average emissivity of the clouds when scattering is neglected is unity for cloud depths greater than 350 m. Under the assumption that the cloud layers are homogeneous the cloud droplet volume absorption coefficient is estimated as 17 + or - 5 per km. Several mass absorption coefficients are estimated for several assumed liquid water distributions. It is also concluded that the cloud reflectance is not larger than 2 (+ or - 5%).
Herman, G. F.↗
Radiation studies from meteorological satellites
Earth albedo variability and outgoing infrared radiation - data from TIROS satellites
INFRARED RADIATION↗
Infrared stars in binary systems
The peculiar F-type supergiant HD 101584, which has a large and unusual infrared excess, is discussed along with the possibility that the infrared radiation could be accounted for by a cool companion. The peculiar F supergiants 89 Her, v Sgr, and R CrB are also considered as possible binary systems containing an infrared star. It is pointed out that all four of these stars have infrared excesses with characteristics similar to the infrared radiation from several cool objects which are known single stars.
Humphreys, R. M.↗
The performance of a seasonal global climatic model
A seasonal global climatic model developed by Sellers is studied. Several changes are made to correct errors in the original model and to allow its use in a time dependent simulation mode. The major changes are in the infrared radiation formulation and in the size of the time steps. The seasonal cycles of surface temperature, wind, ice, snow, albedo, horizontal heat transport, and vertical flux of solar and infrared radiation are compared to recent observations. The seasonal cycle of temperature is fairly well reproduced, but has too small an amplitude in the Northern Hemisphere high latitudes. An overestimate of albedo at the poles is found, which is related to errors in some of the other variables. The sensitivity of the model to CO2 and solar constant (O) changes is summarized. Doubling the CO2 amount causes a 2.45 K increase in global average surface temperature (T). Increasing Q by 1% increases T by 3.14K. Decreasing 0 by 1% decreases T by 4.65K. An annual average version of the model is more sensitive to changes in Q than the model with the seasonal cycle.
Robock, A.↗
Study of exhaust plume radiation predictions, part II Interim progress report
Theoretical models of infrared radiative properties of missile exhaust plumes for long range detection
JET PLUME↗
Contrails
One of the most visible signs of human influence on the atmosphere is the condensation trail, or contrail, formed behind high altitude aircraft. This anthropogenic cirrus cloud can occur as a single line or in imposing geometrical formations as clusters of criss-crossing or parallel lines, Like natural cirrus clouds, contrails are composed of ice crystals and can produce the same dramatic optical displays, especially around sunrise or sunset. Persistent contrails also play a role in climate because they reflect sunlight and trap infrared radiation just like their naturally formed cousins. Thus, the presence of a contrail cluster in an otherwise clear sky can diminish the amount of solar energy reaching the surface during the daytime and increase the amount of infrared radiation absorbed in the atmosphere at all times of day. These opposing effects can simultaneously cool the surface and warm the air within the troposphere. Currently, the overall impact appears to be a warming effect, but research is continuing to unravel the role of this phenomenon in climate change.
Minnis, Patrick↗
TPSAS-NF1676L-30539-DND
The climate of the thermosphere is controlled in part by cooling to space driven by infrared radiation, primarily from nitric oxide (NO, 5.3μm)and carbon dioxide (CO2, 15μm). The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the ThermosphereIonosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite measures the vertical distribution of infrared radiation emitted by these species (and others).
Linda Hunt↗
TPSAS-NF1676L-32008-DND
Thermosphere climate is controlled in part by cooling to space driven by infrared radiation, primarily from nitric oxide (NO, 5.3μm) and carbon dioxide (CO2, 15μm). The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite has been measuring the vertical distribution of infrared radiation emitted by these species (and others) for nearly 17 years-–more than 6000 days. This data set spans much of Solar Cycle (SC) 23 and all of SC 24 to date. A thermosphere climate index (TCI) has been derived by noting the correlation between 60-day running averages of NO cooling power and three long-term solar and geomagnetic indexes: F10.7 cm solar radio flux, the Ap index of geoeffective solar activity, and the disturbance storm time (Dst) index. A multiple linear regression (MLR) fit of these three parameters to the NO cooling rate over the SABER mission has a better than 0.98 correlation. Applying the MLR constant and coefficients from that fit provides a good estimate of thermospheric cooling back to 1947, the extent of the data available for all three indexes. We examined the percentile distribution of the TCI in quintiles over the five complete solar cycles, and assigned.
Linda Hunt↗