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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Entrapment Behavior of Solid Surrogate Fission Products at Engineered UN Nano‐Hetero‐Interfaces Within Metallic Nuclear Fuels

Nanometric hetero-interfaces provide a wealth of scientific and engineering opportunities due to their complex and often misunderstood properties that can differ from their respective bulk constituents. In this work, the ability for engineered nanostructures within a bulk U─Mo alloy to arrest simulant fission products is investigated experimentally and computationally. Nanostructured 90 wt% U/ 10 wt% Mo (U-10Mo) with 7.1 at% Nd is consolidated using spark-plasma- sintering (SPS) techniques and is heat-treated at 500 °C under vacuum for 24, 100, 500, and 1000 h. Analysis on the sintered and heat-treated U-10Mo reveals rapid kinetics in Nd diffusion to nanocluster sites, with evidence of Nd diffusion occurring during sintering and during the following heat-treatment. The segregation behavior of Nd at two different U─Mo/UN interfaces is computationally verified using density functional theory (DFT) to reinforce experimental data.

11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS2023

Trades, Architecture, and Design of the Joint Augmented Reality Visual Informatics System (Joint AR) Product

Future expeditions will enable exploration and study of the planetary surfaces of the Moon and Mars by performing extravehicular activity (EVA) operations. Present-day International Space Station (ISS) EVA operations require an intricate choreography of crew, space suits, tools, systems, and flight teams to plan, train, and execute with limited advanced informatics. In this paper, the Joint Augmented Reality Visual Informatics System (Joint AR) project team at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) characterizes the design space for developing a modular augmented reality (AR) device for a spacesuit form factor that can support crew decision-making for EVA. The Joint AR product was defined via trade studies and market analysis of previous EVA display efforts, various AR components such as optics, commercial AR systems, light engines, data interfaces, and graphics engine software. This paper outlines the defining architectural design decisions, including safety criticality considerations, interfaces, and computer architectures. The outcomes of these studies result in a prototype design which is defined here as the Joint AR product. This work aims to enable a community-wide discussion toward realizing necessary suit-compatible AR features and capabilities for future missions.

Paromita Mitra↗
NASA NTRS2023

Trades, Architecture, and Design of the Joint Augmented Reality Visual Informatics System (Joint AR) Product

Future expeditions will enable exploration and study of the planetary surfaces of the Moon and Mars by performing extravehicular activity (EVA) operations. Present-day International Space Station (ISS) EVA operations require an intricate choreography of crew, space suits, tools, systems, and flight teams to plan, train, and execute with limited advanced informatics. In this paper, the Joint Augmented Reality Visual Informatics System (Joint AR) project team at NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) characterizes the design space for developing a modular augmented reality (AR) device for a spacesuit form factor that can support crew decision-making for EVA. The Joint AR product was defined via trade studies and market analysis of previous EVA display efforts, various AR components such as optics, commercial AR systems, light engines, data interfaces, and graphics engine software. This paper outlines the defining architectural design decisions, including safety criticality considerations, interfaces, and computer architectures. The outcomes of these studies result in a prototype design which is defined here as the Joint AR product. This work aims to enable a community-wide discussion toward realizing necessary suit-compatible AR features and capabilities for future missions.

Paromita Mitra↗
NASA NTRS1999

PTA1 Helium Pressurization System Model

A transient model of the Propulsion Test Article 1 (PTA1) Helium Pressurization System was developed using the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP). The model included feed lines from the facility interface to the engine purge interface and Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Rocket Propellant 1 (RP-1) tanks, the propellant tanks themselves including ullage space and propellant feed lines to their respective pump interfaces. GFSSPs capability was extended to model a control valve to maintain ullage pressure within a specified limit and pressurization processes such as heat transfer between ullage gas, propellant and the tank wall. The purpose of the model is to predict the flow system characteristics in the entire pressurization system during 80 seconds of pre-pressurization operation, 420 seconds of pressurization stand-by operation and 150 seconds of engine operation. Subsequent to the work presented here, the PTA1 model has been updated to include the LOX and RP-1 pumps, while the pressurization option itself has been modified to include the effects of mass transfer. This updated model will be compared with PTA1 test data as it becomes available.

Steadman, Todd↗
NASA NTRS2001

Numerical Modeling of Helium Pressurization System of Propulsion Test Article (PTA)

A transient model of the Propulsion Test Article (PTA) Helium Pressurization System was developed using the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP). The model included feed lines from the facility interface to the engine purge interface and Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Rocket Propellant 1 (RP-1) tanks, the propellant tanks themselves including ullage space and propellant feed lines to their respective pump interfaces. GFSSP's capability was extended to model a control valve to maintain ullage pressure within a specified limit and pressurization processes such as heat transfer between ullage gas, propellant and the tank wall. The purpose of the model is to predict the flow system characteristics in the entire pressurization system during 80 seconds of lower feed system priming, 420 seconds of fuel and LOX pump priming and 150 seconds of engine firing. Subsequent to the work presented here, the PTA model has been updated to include the LOX and RP-1 pumps, while the pressurization option itself has been modified to include the effects of mass transfer. This updated model will be compared with PTA test data as it becomes available.

Steadman, Todd↗
NASA NTRS2000

Numerical Modeling and Test Data Comparison of Propulsion Test Article Helium Pressurization System

A transient model of the propulsion test article (PTA) helium pressurization system was developed using the generalized fluid system simulation program (GFSSP). The model included pressurization lines from the facility interface to the engine purge interface and liquid oxygen (lox) and rocket propellant-1 (RP-1) tanks, the propellant tanks themselves including ullage space, and propellant feed lines to their respective pump interfaces. GFSSP's capability was extended to model a control valve to maintain ullage pressure within a specified limit and pressurization processes such as heat transfer between ullage gas, propellant, and the tank wall as well as conduction in the tank wall. The purpose of the model is to predict the flow system characteristics in the entire pressurization system during 80 sec of lower feed system priming, 420 sec of fuel and lox pump priming, and 150 sec of engine firing.

Holt, Kimberly↗
NASA NTRS1999

Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A. Engineering Report: Electromagnetic Interface (EMI)/Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), for the METSAT/METOP AMSU-A1

This document contains the procedure and the test results of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), Electromagnetic Susceptibility, and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) qualification test for the Meteorological Satellite (METSAT) and the Meteorological Operation Platform (METOP) projects. The test was conducted in accordance with the approved EMI/EMC Test Plan/Procedure, Specification number AE-26151/5D. This document describes the EMI/EMC test performed by Aerojet and it is presented in the following manner: Section-1 contains introductory material and a brief summary of the test results. Section 2 contains more detailed descriptions of the test plan, test procedure, and test results for each type of EMI/EMC test conducted. Section 3 contains supplementary information that includes test data sheets, plots, and calculations collected during the qualification testing.

Valdez, A.↗
NASA NTRS2009

Human Factors Interface with Systems Engineering for NASA Human Spaceflights

This paper summarizes the past and present successes of the Habitability and Human Factors Branch (HHFB) at NASA Johnson Space Center s Space Life Sciences Directorate (SLSD) in including the Human-As-A-System (HAAS) model in many NASA programs and what steps to be taken to integrate the Human-Centered Design Philosophy (HCDP) into NASA s Systems Engineering (SE) process. The HAAS model stresses systems are ultimately designed for the humans; the humans should therefore be considered as a system within the systems. Therefore, the model places strong emphasis on human factors engineering. Since 1987, the HHFB has been engaging with many major NASA programs with much success. The HHFB helped create the NASA Standard 3000 (a human factors engineering practice guide) and the Human Systems Integration Requirements document. These efforts resulted in the HAAS model being included in many NASA programs. As an example, the HAAS model has been successfully introduced into the programmatic and systems engineering structures of the International Space Station Program (ISSP). Success in the ISSP caused other NASA programs to recognize the importance of the HAAS concept. Also due to this success, the HHFB helped update NASA s Systems Engineering Handbook in December 2007 to include HAAS as a recommended practice. Nonetheless, the HAAS model has yet to become an integral part of the NASA SE process. Besides continuing in integrating HAAS into current and future NASA programs, the HHFB will investigate incorporating the Human-Centered Design Philosophy (HCDP) into the NASA SE Handbook. The HCDP goes further than the HAAS model by emphasizing a holistic and iterative human-centered systems design concept.

Wong, Douglas T.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Engineering the Si Anode Interface via Particle Surface Modification: Embedded Organic Carbonates Lead to Enhanced Performance

Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) are recognized as a promising anode material for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, due to the more stringent requirements resulting from severe volume change, the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on SiNPs plays a critical role in determining their cycling performance. Engineering the interface for higher stability has become an effective yet challenging approach to accommodate the deterioration of the silicon anode from the repeated lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, we report a novel approach of engineering a covalently bonded organic monolayer of ethylene carbonates onto the surface of the SiNPs that can help form a sturdy SEI. Finally, this molecule-level surface modification provides an effective approach to enable high-energy lithium-ion batteries with Si anodes.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Engineering the electronic and strained interface for high activity of PdM core @Pt monolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Alloyed nanoparticles with core-shell structures provide a favorable model to modulate interfacial interaction and surface structures at the atomic level, which is important for designing electrocatalysts with high activity and durability. Herein, core-shell structured Pd 3 M@Pt/C nanoparticles with binary PdM alloy cores (M = Fe, Ni, and Co) and a monolayer Pt shell were successfully synthesized with diverse interfaces. Among these, Pd 3 Fe@Pt/C exhibited the best oxygen reduction reaction catalytic performance, roughly 5.4 times more than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst used as reference. The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the combined effects of strain engineering, interfacial electron transfer, and improved Pt utilization. Density functional theory simulations and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed that engineering the alloy core with moderate lattice mismatch and alloy composition (Pd 3 Fe) optimizes the surface oxygen adsorption energy, thereby rendering excellent electrocatalytic activity. Finally, future researches may use this study as a guide on the construction of highly effective core-shell electrocatalysts for various energy conversions and other applications.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Engineering PdAu/CeO 2 Alloy/Oxide Interfaces for Selective Methane‐to‐Methanol Conversion with Water

The direct conversion of methane-to-methanol remains a critical challenge in methane valorization. In this study, we unveil the crucial role of PdAu/CeO 2 catalysts in enabling selective methane transformation under mild conditions, using only water as the sole oxidant. Through a combination of experimental techniques, including XPS and catalytic testing, alongside density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate that a Pd 0.3 Au 0.7 /CeO 2 catalyst, which predominantly exposes isolated Pd atoms, achieves remarkable methanol selectivity (∼80%) at 500 K with a 1:1 methane-to-water ratio. While Pd/CeO 2 efficiently activates methane, its tendency for overreaction leads to complete methanol decomposition, thereby limiting selectivity. Alloying Pd with Au on ceria mitigates this over-reactivity, preventing methanol degradation while maintaining sufficient catalytic activity. The PdAu/CeO 2 composite exhibits a synergistic effect: Pd in contact with the ceria support facilitates methane activation and water dissociation, while Au fine-tunes reactivity to promote methanol formation. DFT calculations confirm that isolated Pd sites at the PdAu/CeO 2 interface play a key role in balancing activity and selectivity. This work underscores the importance of alloy/oxide interfaces in controlling selective methane conversion with water and offers valuable insights for designing highly efficient catalysts for methanol synthesis.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗