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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Bacillus anthracis spores germinate extracellularly at air-liquid interface in an in vitro lung model under serum-free conditions
Aims: To better understand the parameters that govern spore dissemination after lung exposure using in vitro cell systems. Methods and Results: We evaluated the kinetics of uptake, germination and proliferation of B. anthracis Sterne spores in association with human primary lung epithelial cells, Calu-3, and A549 cell lines. We also analyzed the influence of various cell culture media formulations related to spore germination. Conclusions: We found negligible spore uptake by epithelial cells, but germination and proliferation of spores in the extracellular environment was evident, and was appreciably higher in A549 and Calu-3 cultures than in primary epithelial cells. Additionally, our results revealed spores in association with primary cells submerged in cell culture media germinated 1 h
Dynamics of active liquid interfaces
Controlling interfaces of phase-separating fluid mixtures is key to the creation of diverse functional soft materials. Traditionally, this is accomplished with surface-modifying chemical agents. Using experiment and theory, we studied how mechanical activity shapes soft interfaces that separate an active and a passive fluid. Chaotic flows in the active fluid give rise to giant interfacial fluctuations and noninertial propagating active waves. At high activities, stresses disrupt interface continuity and drive droplet generation, producing an emulsion-like active state composed of finite-sized droplets. When in contact with a solid boundary, active interfaces exhibit nonequilibrium wetting transitions, in which the fluid climbs the wall against gravity. These results demonstrate the promise of mechanically driven interfaces for creating a new class of soft active matter.
Influence of Analysis Method on the Experimentally Observed Capacitance at the Gold-Ionic Liquid Interface.
Abstract not provided.
Modeling solid-liquid interfaces using next generation quantum molecular dynamics
No abstract provided.
Levitation- and spray-based techniques for studying spontaneous chemistry at the air-liquid interface of microdroplets
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Charge relaxation on a moving liquid interface.
Phase shift as quantitative measure of relationship between surface convection and charge relaxation
Convection effects at solid-liquid interfaces: Influence of gravity
The stability of the flow between two vertical, infinite, rigid, coaxial cylinders held at different temperatures is analyzed by linear stability theory. For a Prandtl number of 22.8 and a radius ratio of 0.02, the flow is unstable to an axisymmetric perturbation at a critical Grashof number of 2150; the wave speed of the instability is comparable to the maximum velocity of the unperturbed flow. When the rigid outer cylinder-fluid interface is replaced by a crystal-melt interface which can change shape, two new modes of instability occur at lower Grashof numbers.
Understanding high-pressure gas-liquid interface phenomena in Diesel engines.
Abstract Not Provided
Influence of Analysis Method on the Experimentally Observed Capacitance of the Gold-Ionic Liquid Interface.
Abstract not provided.
HIGH SPEED CONTINUOUS ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AT THE LIQUID-LIQUID INTERFACE.
Abstract not provided.
Modeling solid-solid & solid-liquid interfaces in lithium batteries.
Abstract not provided.
RheoSurfR – Neutron Reflectivity-Rheology Sample Environment for Studying Soft Matter, Biology and Materials Processing at Air-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Interfaces
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Atomically Abrupt Liquid-Oxide Interface Stabilized by Self-Regulated Interfacial Defects: The Case of Al/Al2O3 Interfaces
The atomic and electronic structures of the liquid Al/(0001) {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} interfaces are investigated by first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. Surprisingly, the formed liquid-solid interface is always atomically abrupt and is characterized by a transitional Al layer that contains a fixed concentration of Al vacancies ({approx}10 at.%). We find that the self-regulation of the defect density in the metal layer is due to the fact that the formation energy of the Al vacancies is readjusted in a way that opposes changes in the defect density. The negative-feedback effect stabilizes the defected transitional layer and maintains the atomic abruptness at the interface. The proposed mechanism is generally applicable to other liquid-metal/metal-oxide systems, and thus of significant importance in understanding the interface structures at high temperature.