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International Space Station Lithium-Ion Battery Status
When originally launched, the International Space Station (ISS) primary Electric Power System (EPS) used Nickel-Hydrogen (Ni-H2) batteries to store electrical energy. The electricity for the space station is generated by its solar arrays, which charge batteries during insolation for subsequent discharge during eclipse. The Ni-H2 batteries were designed to operate for ten years at a 35 percent depth of discharge (DOD) maximum during normal operation in a Low Earth Orbit. For service beyond that period, upgraded Li-Ion Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs) were designed. These are the largest Li-Ion batteries ever utilized for a human rated spacecraft. With the oldest 12 Ni-H2 battery ORUs cycling since September 2006, the first set of six was replaced by Li-Ion batteries in December 2016; the second set of six is planned for replacement in September 2018. This paper will include an overview of the ISS Li-Ion battery system architecture, on-orbit status of the first 6 batteries, start up of the second 6 batteries, and the status of the Li-Ion cell and ORU life cycle testing.
Performance tesing of Lithion 8-cell, 25AHr Lithium-ion batteries for future aerospace applications
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Lithium ion batteries for Mars Exploration Rovers: transition from technology validation to flight insertion
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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and its applications to lithium ion cells
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-destructive technique often used to understand the interfacial behavior in electrochemical systems.
Performance Testing of Yardney MCMB-LiNiCoAlO2 Lithium-ion Cells Possessing Electrolytes with Improved Safety Characteristic
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Development of Nanosized/Nanostructured Silicon as Advanced Anodes for Lithium-Ion Cells
NASA is developing high energy and high capacity Li-ion cell and battery designs for future exploration missions under the NASA Advanced Space Power System (ASPS) Program. The specific energy goal is 265 Wh/kg at 10 C. center dot Part of effort for NASA advanced Li-ion cells Anode: Silicon (Si) as an advanced anode. Electrolyte: advanced electrolyte with flame-retardant additives for enhanced performance and safety (NASA JPL).
Development of Ambient Temperature Lithium-Ion Cells
Four types of materials have been evaluated as anodes for Li-ion cell fabrication. Among the materials evaluated, graphite and magnasium silicide were identified to be suitable candidate anode materials.
Performance testing of lithium-ion cells at JPL for future NASA aerospace applications
NASA requires lightweight rechargeable batteries for future missions to Mars and the outer planets that are capable of operating at low temperatures.
Performance characteristics of lithium-ion technology under extreme environmental conditions
In order to effectively explore the solar system, NASA has identified the need for primary and secondary batteries that can efficiently operate under extreme environmental conditions.
Performance characteristics of Lithium-Ion cells at low temperatures
The low temperature charge and discharge characteristics of experimental MCMB- Li sub x Ni sub y Co sub 1-y O sub 2 cells containing different electrolytes were investigated.
Development of High Conductivity Lithium-ion Electrolytes for Low Temperature Cell Applications
NASA has continued interest in developing power sources which are capable of operating at low temperatures (-20 degrees C and below) to enable future missions, such as the Mars Rover and Lander.
Lithium Ion Batteries for Mars Exploration Missions
The desired performance characteristics and physical requirements of spacecraft batteries for planetary exploration are reviewed, particularly with respect to surface landers and rovers intended for near-future Mars missions.
Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for NASA's Mars 2001 Lander Application
NASA requires lightweight rechargable batteries for future missions to Mars and the outer planets that are capable of operating over a wide range of temperatures, with high specific energy and energy densities.
Lithium Ion Batteries for Mars Exploration Missions
The upcoming NASA's missions aimed at exploring our Planetary system require batteries that can operate at extreme operating temperatures, with high specific energy and energy densities. Conventional aerospace rechargeable battery systems are inadequate to meet the demands.
Performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells for Mars Sample Return Athena Rover
In this paper, we will present several performance characterization tests, including cycle life at different temperatures, rate capability at various charge/discharge rates and temperatures and real tim and accelerated storage, which were carried out on these prototype cells in support of the Mars exploration missions.
Performance characterization of Lithium-ion cells possessing carbon-carbon composite-based anodes capable of operating over a wide temperature range
NASA has interest in secondary energy storage batteries that display high specific energy, high energy density, long life characteristics, and perform well over a wide range of temperatures, in order to enable a number of future applications.
Electrolytes for Use in High Energy Lithium-ion Batteries with Wide Operating Temperature Range
Met programmatic milestones for program. Demonstrated improved performance with wide operating temperature electrolytes containing ester co-solvents (i.e., methyl butyrate) containing electrolyte additives in A123 prototype cells: Previously demonstrated excellent low temperature performance, including 11C rates at -30 C and the ability to perform well down to -60 C. Excellent cycle life at room temperature has been displayed, with over 5,000 cycles being demonstrated. Good high temperature cycle life performance has also been achieved. Demonstrated improved performance with methyl propionate-containing electrolytes in large capacity prototype cells: Demonstrated the wide operating temperature range capability in large cells (12 Ah), successfully scaling up technology from 0.25 Ah size cells. Demonstrated improved performance at low temperature and good cycle life at 40 C with methyl propionate-based electrolyte containing increasing FEC content and the use of LiBOB as an additive. Utilized three-electrode cells to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of high voltage systems coupled with wide operating temperature range electrolytes: From Tafel polarization measurements on each electrode, it is evident the NMC-based cathode displays poor lithium kinetics (being the limiting electrode). The MB-based formulations containing LiBOB delivered the best rate capability at low temperature, which is attributed to improved cathode kinetics. Whereas, the use of lithium oxalate as an additive lead to the highest reversible capacity and lower irreversible losses.