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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

A Data Acquisition System (DAS) for marine and ecological research from aerospace technology

The efforts of researchers at Mississippi State University to utilize space-age technology in the development of a self-contained, portable data acquisition system for use in marine and ecological research are presented. The compact, lightweight data acquisition system is capable of recording 14 variables in its present configuration and is suitable for use in either a boat, pickup truck, or light aircraft. This system will provide the acquisition of reliable data on the structure of the environment and the effect of man-made and natural activities on the observed phenomenon. Utilizing both self-contained analog recording and a telemetry transmitter for real-time digital readout and recording, the prototype system has undergone extensive testing.

Johnson, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1972

An investigation to improve the Menhaden fishery prediction and detection model through the application of ERTS-A data

The author has identified the following significant results. Preliminary analyses indicate that several important relationships have been observed utilizing ERTS-1 imagery. Of most significance is that in the Mississippi Sound, as elsewhere, considerable detail exists as to turbidity patterns in the water column. Simple analysis is complicated by the apparent interaction between actual turbidity, turbidity induced by shoal water, and actual imaging of the bottom in extreme shoal water. A statistical approach is being explored which shows promise of at least partially separating these effects so that partitioning of true turbid plumes can be accomplished. This partitioning is of great importance to this program in that supportive data seem to indicate that menhaden occur more frequently in turbid areas. In this connection four individual captures have been associated with a major turbid feature imaged on 6 August. If a significant relationship between imaged turbid features and catch distribution can be established, for example by graphic and/or numeric analysis, it will represent a major advancement for short term prediction of commercially accessible menhaden.

Maughan, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Hydrologic Conditions Viewed by the Nimbus Meteorological Satellites

The unexploited value of the Nimbus meteorological sensor data relates to the satellites' ability for global, temporal, repetitive and uniform tonal and spatial coverage of the earth's surface. Examples are presented illustrating how synoptic views of large areas increase interpretive capability and enable focusing on large targets of interest. The effect of resolution of the Nimbus imaging systems on these observations is discussed, together with the assessment of the areal and temporal magnitude of changes observed by these systems. Two case studies are presented exemplifying the satellites' ability for repetitive observations enabling phenomena to be monitored under special conditions. One study deals with changes observed in the Antarctic ice conditions utilizing the Nimbus 2 and 3 television picture data. The other study deals with terrestrial changes in the Mississippi River Valley and the Niger River Valley (Africa), observed primarily in the 0.7 to 1.3 micron spectral band.

Rabchevsky, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Phenology satellite experiment

Phenology satellite experiment using ERTS-1 imagery of specific forest and crop types in Appalachian Corridor and Mississippi Valley Corridor

Dethier, B. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Phenology satellite experiment

The author has identified the following significant results. The detection of a phenological event (the Brown Wave-vegetation sensescence) for specific forest and crop types using ERTS-1 imagery is described. Data handling techniques including computer analysis and photointerpretation procedures are explained. Computer analysis of multspectral scanner digital tapes in all bands was used to give the relative changes of spectral reflectance with time of forests and specified crops. These data were obtained for a number of the twenty-four sites located within four north-south corridors across the United States. Analysis of ground observation photography and ERTS-1 imagery for sites in the Appalachian Corridor and Mississippi Valley Corridor indicates that the recession of vegetation development can be detected very well. Tentative conclusions are that specific phenological events such as crop maturity or leaf fall can be mapped for specific sites and possible for different regions. Preliminary analysis based on a number of samples in mixed deciduous hardwood stands indicates that as senescence proceeds both the rate of change and differences in color among species can be detected. The results to data show the feasibility of the development and refinement of phenoclimatic models.

Dethier, B. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigation using data from ERTS to develop and implement utilization of living marine resources

The author has identified the following significant results. A feasibility study to demonstrate the potential of satellites for providing fisheries significant information was conducted in the Mississippi Sound and adjacent offshore waters. Attempts were made to relate satellite acquired imagery to selected oceanographic parameters and then to relate these parameters to aircraft remotely sensed distribution patterns of resident surface schooling fishes. Initial results suggest that this approach is valid and that the satellite acquired imagery may have important fisheries resource assessment implications.

Stevenson, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigation of ERTS-A images for application to thematic mapping

The author has identified the following significant results. Composite mosaics made of open water extractions of the Mississippi River at normal stage and those derived for various flood stages illustrate with startling clarity the recent flood and provide an excellent and timely historical documentation of the temporal changes in flood extent between successive cloud-free ERTS-1 passes.

Edson, D. T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigation using data from ERTS to develop and implement utilization of living marine resources

The author has identified the following significant results. The feasibility of utilizing ERTS-1 data in conjunction with aerial remote sensing and sea truth information to predict the distribution of menhaden in the Mississippi Sound during a specific time frame has been demonstrated by employing a number of uniquely designed empirical regression models. The construction of these models was made possible through innovative statistical routines specifically developed to meet the stated objectives.

Stevenson, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Phenology satellite experiment

The detection of a phenological event (the brown wave-vegetation senescence) for specific forest and crop types using ERTS-1 imagery is described. Data handling techniques included computer analysis and photo interpretation procedures. Computer analysis of ERTS-1 multispectral scanner digital tapes in all bands was used to give the relative changes of spectral reflectance with time of forests and specified crops. These data were obtained for a number of the study's twenty-four sites located within four north-south corridors across the United States. Analysis of ground observation photography and ERTS-1 imagery for sites in the Appalachian Corridor and Mississippi Valley Corridor indicates that the recession of vegetation development can be detected very well. Tentative conclusions are that specific phenological events such as crop maturity or leaf fall can be mapped for specific sites and possibly for entire regions.

Dethier, B. E.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of ERTS-1 imagery for mapping Quaternary deposits and landforms in the Great Plains and Midwest

The author has identified the following significant results. The main landform associations and larger landforms are readily identifiable on the better images and commonly the gross associations of surficial Quaternary deposits also can be differentiated, primarily by information on landforms and soils. Maps showing the Quaternary geologic-terrain units that can be differentiated from the ERTS-1 images are being prepared for study areas in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Preliminary maps at 1:1 million scale are given of two of the study areas, the Peoria and Decatur, Illinois, 1 deg x 2 quadrangles. These maps exemplify the first phase of investigations, which consists of identifying and mapping landform and land use characteristics and geologic-surficial materials directly from ERTS-1 images alone, without input of additional data. These maps shown that commonly the boundaries of geologic-terrain units can be identified more accurately on ERTS-1 images than on topographic maps of 1:250,000 scale. From analysis of drainage patterns, stream-divide relations, and tone and textural variations on the ERTS-1 images, the trends of numerous moraines of Wisconsinan and possibly some of Illinoian age were mapped. In the Peoria study area the trend of a buried valley of the Mississippi River is revealed.

Morrison, R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigation of ERTS-A images for application to thematic mapping

The author has identified the following significant results. Theme extractions, enlarged to proper scale can prove a simple and convenient tool for evaluation of small scale map content, and as a guide to and for map revision. Open water extractions provide a graphic, easy to read, historical documentation of the recent Mississippi River flood at successive times during the flood period. Open water extractions, used in conjunction with swamp/wetland extractions, can be used to document and monitor temporal changes in wetland water levels.

Edson, D. T.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Studies of images of short-lived events using ERTS data

The author has identified the following significant results. Significant results are the continued detection of short-lived events. The following have been detected and analyzed: forest fires, oil spills, vegetation damage, volcanoes, storm ridges, and earthquakes. It is hoped that the Mississippi River flood scenes will arrive shortly and then floods be added to the list of identified short-lived events.

Deutschman, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Detection of oil spills using a 13.3-GHz radar scatterometer.

This paper describes the results of an analysis of 13.3-GHz single-polarized scatterometer data collected during NASA/MSC mission 135, flown on March 16, 1970. Data were gathered over a crude oil spill on the Gulf of Mexico (test site 128) off the Mississippi delta. With the aid of RC-8 camera photographs the scattering cross section was correlated with the extent of the oil spill. The scattering cross section at higher incidence angles (25 to 50 deg) decreased by 5-10 db in the presence of the oil spill. This was attributed to the damping by oil of small gravity and capillary waves. The composite scattering theory and the scatterometer-acquired data were used to obtain an expression of radar scattering over ocean surfaces with oil spills. The study demonstrates that the presence and extent of oil spills can be detected with high-frequency radar systems.

Krishen, K.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Remote measurement of salinity in an estuarine environment.

The microwave emission of sea water is dependent upon salinity in the low microwave spectrum, and it appears possible to measure remotely surface salinity at 21-cm wavelength with an accuracy up to one part salt per thousand parts water (.1%) for a .5 to 3.5% salinity range. The dielectric constant of sea water can be represented by that of NaCl, except that the sea water conductivity is retained. The effects of the atmosphere, cosmic noise, sea surface roughness, and constant radiometer errors can be corrected by using surface calibration measurements. In experiments performed in Mississippi and Louisiana coastal waters salinity accuracies of .3 to .5 were obtained. It is believed that the accuracy was limited by the radiometer used.

Thomann, G. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Remote measurement of water color in coastal waters

An investigation was conducted to develop procedure to obtain quantitative values for chlorophyll and turbidity in coastal waters by observing the changes in spectral radiance of the backscattered spectrum. The technique under consideration consists of Examining Exotech model 20-D spectral radiometer data and determining which radiance ratios best correlated with chlorophyll and turbidity measurements as obtained from analyses of water samples and sechi visibility readings. Preliminary results indicate that there is a correlation between backscattered light and chlorophyll concentration and secchi visibility. The tests were conducted with the spectrometer mounted in a light aircraft over the Mississippi Sound at altitudes of 2.5K, 2.8K and 10K feet.

Weldon, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Investigation using data from ERTS-1 to develop and implement utilization of living marine resources

The author has identified the following significant results. This 15-month ERTS-1 investigation produced correlations between satellite, aircraft, menhaden fisheries, and environmental sea truth data from the Mississippi Sound. Selected oceanographic, meteorological, and biological parameters were used as indirect indicators of the menhaden resource. Synoptic and near real time sea truth, fishery, satellite imagery, aircraft acquired multispectral, photo and thermal IR information were acquired as data inputs. Computer programs were developed to manipulate these data according to user requirements. Preliminary results indicate a correlation between backscattered light with chlorophyll concentration and water transparency in turbid waters. Eight empirical menhaden distribution models were constructed from combinations of four fisheries-significant oceanographic parameters: water depth, transparency, color, and surface salinity. The models demonstrated their potential for management utilization in areas of resource assessment, prediction, and monitoring.

Stevenson, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Satellite views of hurricane Camille

Three periods within the life cycle of Hurricane Camille (1969) are studied with radiometric and camera measurements from Nimbus-3 and camera information from ATS-3 in conjunction with conventional information. These periods are the deepening phase, the interaction of Camille with midlatitude westerlies, and the excessive rain producing period when the cyclone was over the central Appalachian Mountain. Just prior to significant deepening, the Nimbus-3 Medium Resolution Infrared Radiometer (MRIR) showed that a pronounced feeder band had formed southeast of the center which was associated with the rapid transport of moisture into the storm circulation. During the rapid deepening phase the MRIR measurements indicated the development of large scale subsidence throughout the troposphere northwest of the center. When Camille was over the lower Mississippi Valley it acted as an obstruction to the envrionmental wind. A region of widespread subsidence was created west and north of the cyclone center. Increased cloud-top elevations, back to the levels reached when Camille was an intense cyclone over the Gulf of Mexico, were estimated from the Nimbus-3 High Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) measurements on August 20, 1969, when Camille produced rains of major flood proportions near the east slopes of the Appalachians in central Virginia.

Shenk, W. E.↗