Deuterium in the upper atmospheres of Venus and earth.
Deuterium escape in Venus upper atmosphere to explain anomalous Lyman-alpha glow observed by Mariner 5
Donahue, T. M.↗
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Mariner 6 - Ultraviolet spectrum of Mars upper atmosphere.
Mars upper atmosphere ionized carbon dioxide and CO emission spectra in 1900-4300 A region measured by Mariner 6, observing atomic hydrogen and oxygen lines
Anderson, G. P.↗
The daytime upper ionosphere of Venus
Venus daytime upper ionosphere observations by mariner 5 in terms of ionization sources and sinks, ambipolar diffusion and model atmospheres
Whitten, R. C.↗
Twenty-seven day deviations of the interplanetary magnetic field and plasmas from the Parker spiral model
Interplanetary magnetic field and plasma structure observed with Mariners magnetometer, noting 27-day deviations from Parker spiral model
Rosenberg, R. L.↗
Atmospheric turbulence on Venus - Venera 4, 5, 6, and Mariner 5 estimates
Venus atmospheric turbulence from Venera 4, 5, 6 and Mariner 5 observations, discussing scaling laws and normalized signal-amplitude standard deviation
De Wolf, D. A.↗
The solar radiation pressure on the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter
The refined mathematical model of the force created by the light pressure of the Sun was used to compute the solar radiation pressure force acting on the Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars 1971) spacecraft, taking into account the reflectivity characteristics of all its components. The results were compared with values obtained from Mariner 9 observations during the cruise phase and found to be in agreement within 0.1% of the values.
Georgevic, R. M.↗
Variable features on Mars 2: Mariner 9 global results
Mariner 9 observations of time variable Martian dark areas and semi-tone areas are commonly resolved into streaks and splotches caused by sand storm particles. Bright streaks are formed by the smaller particles and require exceptionally high velocities for their formation as compared with the more easily saltated larger particles in dark streak areas.
Sagan, C.↗
Investigation into the mechanism and rates of atmospheric mixing in the lower thermosphere
Three separate studies are reported which include: (1) an analysis of energy input to the lower thermosphere, (2) data analyses of OGO-6 onboard retarding potential analyzer measurements, and (3) an investigation of the sharp cutoff in plasma in plasma density of the Venus ionosphere as observed by Mariner 5.
Johnson, F. S.↗
Atmospheric Phenomena Working Group
Atmospheric processes on Mars are reported based on atmospheric observations from Mariner 9. Topics discussed include: atmospheric temperature and wind, cloud processes, minor constituents, global dust storm, and surface pressure distribution.
Leovy, C. B.↗
Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Structure of Mars' upper atmosphere.
Mariner 9 observations of the limb intensity profile of the CO Cameron bands in the Martian airglow demonstrate the validity of a postulated relationship between the equivalent subsolar zenith intensity and the 10.7-cm solar radio flux. Comparison of averaged limb intensities of the CO2+ doublet and the Cameron bands on four favorable occasions is consistent with the intensities being directly proportional in a ratio of 0.24 to 1.
Stewart, A. I.↗
The solar radiation pressure on the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter.
The refined mathematical model of the force created by the light pressure of the sun has been used to compute the solar radiation pressure force acting on the Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars 1971) spacecraft, taking into account the reflectivity characteristics of all its components. The results have been compared with values obtained from Mariner 9 observations during the cruise phase and are found to be in agreement within 0.1% of the values.
Georgevic, R. M.↗
Eolian deposits and dunes on Mars.
A complex of coalescing ridges and diverse marginal features observed in Mariner 9 pictures of the Hellespontus region of Mars is identified as a dune mass. Many other possible dune features are recognized in midlatitudes and polar latitudes, and regional differences in the appearance of cratered terrains are attributed to modification by dune deposits. The morphology and temporal behavior of some Martian albedo features can be explained by dune-forming saltation processes. Eolian activity seems to be widespread, if not ubiquitous, on Mars and appears to produce major regional variations in the surface environment.
Cutts, J. A.↗
A comparison of Martian albedo features with topography.
Martian albedo features photographed from the earth are compared with the topography observed by Mariner 9. Three Lambert azimuthal equal-area charts prepared to facilitate the comparison are presented. No correlation between large-scale albedos and topography can be generalized, but several different kinds of relationships seem to be indicated in particular regions. Examples of these are discussed.
Inge, J. L.↗
The solar radiation pressure on the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter
The refined mathematical model of the force created by the light pressure of the sun has been used to compute the solar radiation pressure force acting on the Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars 1971) spacecraft, taking into account the reflectivity characteristics of all its components. The results have been compared with values obtained from Mariner 9 observations during the cruise phase and are found to be in agreement within 0.1% of the values.
Georgevic, R. M.↗
Photodissociation of carbon dioxide in the Mars upper atmosphere
Calculation of the intensity of two of the emissions produced during the dissociative excitation of carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere of Mars by solar ultraviolet radiation. The calculation tangential column emission rates of the atomic oxygen 2972-A line and the carbon monoxide Cameron bands produced by the photodissociative mechanism are found to be factors of 3 and 10, respectively, smaller than the emission rates observed by Mariner ultraviolet spectrometers.
Barth, C. A.↗
Venus and Mercury Encounters
Mariner 10 observations of Venus, Mercury, Comet Kohoutek, and other interplanetary objects are reported. Data cover planetary atmospheres, temperature, and surface detail.
Source record↗
Mars
The evolution and physical structure of Mars are discussed primarily on the basis of Mariner 9 observations. The Martian atmosphere, density, and iron abundance are compared with those of earth, and it is noted that the planet was probably formed in less than 100,000 years. Stages in Martian differentiation are described together with the atmospheric composition, condensation and dust clouds, and surface winds. The surface is shown to have a wide diversity of geological landforms resulting from a variety of processes, including meteoroid bombardment, volcanic and tectonic activity, sapping, the action of running water, and wind action. Described landforms include impact craters, volcanic plains and domes, shield volcanoes, sinuous channels and gullies apparently formed by running water, and the enormous canyon system. Mechanisms for climatic change are considered, and questions are posed regarding the possibility of life on Mars.
Pollack, J. B.↗
Interaction of solar wind with Mercury and its magnetic field
A brief review is presented of magnetic field and solar wind electron observations by Mariner 10 spacecraft. The intrinsic magnetic field of the planet Mercury and the implications of such a field for the planetary interior are also discussed.
Ness, N. F.↗