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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Conversion of Classical Light Emission from a Nanoparticle‐Strained WSe 2 Monolayer into Quantum Light Emission via Electron Beam Irradiation

Abstract Solid‐state single photon emitters (SPEs) within atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently attracted interest as scalable quantum light sources for quantum photonic technologies. Among TMDs, WSe 2 monolayers (MLs) are promising for the deterministic fabrication and engineering of SPEs using local strain fields. The ability to reliably produce isolatable SPEs in WSe 2 is currently impeded by the presence of numerous spectrally overlapping states that occur at strained locations. Here nanoparticle (NP) arrays with precisely defined positions and sizes are employed to deterministically create strain fields in WSe 2 MLs, thus enabling the systematic investigation and control of SPE formation. Using this platform, electron beam irradiation at NP‐strained locations transforms spectrally overlapped sub‐bandgap emission states into isolatable, anti‐bunched quantum emitters. The dependence of the emission spectra of WSe 2 MLs as a function of strain magnitude and exposure time to electron beam irradiation is quantified and provides insight into the mechanism for SPE production. Excitons selectively funnel through strongly coupled sub‐bandgap states introduced by electron beam irradiation, which suppresses spectrally overlapping emission pathways and leads to measurable anti‐bunched behavior. The findings provide a strategy to generate isolatable SPEs in 2D materials with a well‐defined energy range.

2D material↗
DOE OSTI2020

Grain boundary facilitated dissolution of nanocrystalline NpO 2 (s) from legacy waste processing

Dissolution of actinide dioxides, including neptunium dioxide (NpO 2 (s)), is paramount for the prediction of the environmental fate of nuclear materials. Quantifying dissolution rates, as well as understanding qualitative dissolution mechanisms, informs performance assessment for geologic disposal of spent nuclear fuel and management of legacy radioactive waste. The aim of this research was to measure the dissolution rate of nanocrystalline NpO 2 (s), produced through legacy nuclear waste processing, under oxidizing conditions, as well as to characterize surface alteration to the material. The solid phase was characterized using electron microscopy techniques (SEM/STEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), indicating preferential dissolution of Np-hydroxide contained in the grain boundaries of NpO 2 (s) and fragmentation of grains from the matrix. The oxidative dissolution was monitored over 40 weeks, yielding a two-step kinetic dissolution model involving hydration of NpO 2 (s) and subsequent oxidation and dissolution of the hydroxide phase. Here, the proposed dissolution models for nanocrystalline NpO 2 (s) suggest that microstructural features such as grain boundaries are key factors affecting dissolution, including release of colloidal particles, and ultimately, environmental fate and transport of nuclear materials.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K3Np(H3O4)2 by Materials Project

K3Np(H3O4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four H1+ and eight O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.80 Å) and two longer (2.86 Å) K–H bond lengths. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.71–3.07 Å. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to five O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.83–2.94 Å. Np7+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.29 Å. There are three inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and two O2- atoms. There is one shorter (1.00 Å) and one longer (1.67 Å) H–O bond length. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K1+, one Np7+, and one H1+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one K1+, one Np7+, and one H1+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one Np7+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to three K1+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3Np(HO3)2 by Materials Project

Na3Np(HO3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Fdd2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted NaO6 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent NaO4 tetrahedra and edges with three equivalent NpO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.36–2.53 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted NaO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four equivalent NaO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent NpO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent NaO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–77°. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.29–2.34 Å. Np7+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NpO6 octahedra that share corners with eight equivalent NaO4 tetrahedra and edges with three equivalent NaO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 1.93–2.24 Å. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Na1+ and one Np7+ atom to form corner-sharing ONa3Np tetrahedra. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to two Na1+ and one Np7+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two Na1+, one Np7+, and one H1+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on K4Np3H8Cl7O10 by Materials Project

K4Np3H8O10Cl7 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent K1+ sites. In the first K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two O2- and five Cl1- atoms. There are one shorter (2.74 Å) and one longer (3.01 Å) K–O bond lengths. There are a spread of K–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.12–3.36 Å. In the second K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to four O2- and four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.80–3.29 Å. There are a spread of K–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.13–3.42 Å. In the third K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.77–3.08 Å. There are a spread of K–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.14–3.29 Å. In the fourth K1+ site, K1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to three O2- and five Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of K–O bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.35 Å. There are a spread of K–Cl bond distances ranging from 3.21–3.66 Å. There are three inequivalent Np5+ sites. In the first Np5+ site, Np5+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.62 Å. There are a spread of Np–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.81–2.89 Å. In the second Np5+ site, Np5+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to four O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–2.53 Å. There are a spread of Np–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.82–2.89 Å. In the third Np5+ site, Np5+ is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to four O2- and three Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 1.83–2.58 Å. There are a spread of Np–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.80–2.90 Å. There are eight inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 1.00 Å. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. There are ten inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to three K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+ and two Np5+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one K1+, one Np5+, and two H1+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one K1+, one Np5+, and two H1+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two Np5+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one K1+, one Np5+, and two H1+ atoms. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Np5+ and two H1+ atoms. There are seven inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded to two K1+ and two equivalent Np5+ atoms to form distorted edge-sharing ClK2Np2 trigonal pyramids. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two K1+ and two equivalent Np5+ atoms. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to four K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the fifth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the sixth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one K1+ and one Np5+ atom. In the seventh Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two K1+ and one Np5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

Understanding the structural and morphological effects of synthesis route on NpO 2

The availability of actinide standard materials for use in nuclear safeguard applications is critical, as is thorough characterization thereof. Although accurate trace element compositions and isotopic considerations are paramount for deployment of reference standards, structural characterization is also essential towards accurately describing the chemical form and potential matrix effects in candidate materials. Here, to this end, samples of NpO 2 were synthesized via a direct denitration (DD) method and probed with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural and morphological characterization and comparison with NpO 2 materials produced via modified direct denitration (MDD). PXRD confirmed the bulk identity of NpO 2 , and no additional phases were identified using this method. Analysis of Raman data collected using a 532 nm excitation wavelength indicates that samples are mostly phase pure; however, some variability in spectral features is observed. Analysis of additional spectroscopic data collected with a 785 nm excitation wavelength revealed variability in the relative intensity of spectral features. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the sample is primarily NpO 2 ; however, additional signals indicate possible structural disorder, oxidized species, or potential contributions from other Np phases. To further investigate the possibility of additional phase contributions within the sample of NpO 2 , Raman spectroscopic mapping was employed to examine the homogeneity of the sample produced via DD. From this analysis, we determined that despite variability in the intensity of Raman-active vibrational modes, consistent spectra are obtained throughout the area of the sample investigated. SEM images show aggregates with variable sizes and shapes, with rounded, primary particles possessing an average diameter of approximately 100 nm. Comparison of the results of these multimodal analyses to the literature indicates that the crystal chemical, spectroscopic, and microstructural properties of NpO 2 vary based on synthesis method, even if X-ray diffraction data indicate that the bulk phase is NpO 2 .

Direct denitration↗
DOE OSTI2025

Can Dithiolate Ligands Report Electronic Communication in Transuranium Complexes?

The actinide elements, and in particular the transuranic elements, are some of the least studied elements on the periodic table. The degree of covalent bonding between the actinide elements and ligands in is not well understood. Dithiolene/dithiolate ligands provided a revolution in understanding the bonding in transition metals through the geometric differences the ligands exhibit when interacting with electron deficient or abundant metal centers. To test if dithiolene/dithiolate ligands can be utilized to provide an analogous understanding of transuranic element bonding, density functional theory calculations have been performed on U, Np, and Pu complexes of the formula Cp 2 AnS 2 C 2 H 2 . These calculations show that the dithiolate maintains its non-innocent redox active nature when bonding with actinides. In stark contrast with the transition metals, the direction of electron donation is reversed, in the actinide series the direction of electron flow in high fold cases is from the metal center to the ligand. In conclusion, this suggests the communication is between the π* system of the ligand interacting with the f orbitals of the metal center.

Prange, Micah P. [Pacific Northwest National Labor↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on H2S by Materials Project

H2S is beta Np structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P4_2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of sixteen hydrogen sulfide molecules. H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one S2- atom. The H–S bond length is 1.36 Å. S2- is bonded in an L-shaped geometry to two equivalent H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Impact of a Biological Chelator, Lanmodulin, on Minor Actinide Aqueous Speciation and Transport in the Environment

Minor actinides are major contributors to the long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear fuels and other radioactive wastes. Here in this context, understanding their interactions with natural chelators and minerals is key to evaluating their transport behavior in the environment. The lanmodulin family of metalloproteins is produced by ubiquitous bacteria and Methylorubrum extorquens lanmodulin (LanM) was recently identified as one of nature’s most selective chelators for trivalent f-elements. Herein, we investigated the behavior of neptunium, americium, and curium in the presence of LanM, carbonate ions, and common minerals (calcite, montmorillonite, quartz, and kaolinite). We show that LanM’s aqueous complexes with Am(III) and Cm(III) remain stable in carbonate-bicarbonate solutions. Furthermore, the sorption of Am(III) to these minerals is strongly impacted by LanM, while Np(V) sorption is not. With calcite, even a submicromolar concentration of LanM leads to a significant reduction in the Am(III) distribution coefficient (K d , from >10 4 to ~10 2 mL/g at pH 8.5), rendering it even more mobile than Np(V). Thus, LanM-type chelators can potentially increase the mobility of trivalent actinides and lanthanide fission products under environmentally relevant conditions. Monitoring biological chelators, including metalloproteins, and their biogenerators should therefore be considered during the evaluation of radioactive waste repository sites and the risk assessment of contaminated sites.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2022

Modeling Heterogeneity in UO 2 Nanoparticles Using X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Abstract EXAFS provides the capability to interrogate nanoparticle (NP) structure in atomistic detail without relying on long‐range crystallinity. There is a limitation in that EXAFS provides averaged structural information, making it difficult to separate a small amount of heterogeneous structure from bulk. In this work, models were developed to extract surface‐specific information from conventional EXAFS measurements collected on UO 2 NPs of varying size. Specifically, the surface terminating species of UO 2 NPs was determined from comparison of coordination numbers with geometric models while the origin of static disorder was interrogated from user‐defined simulations. Results show that the degree of oxygenation on the NP surface does not significantly deviate from bulk surface and that static disorder is highly enhanced in NP surface layers but cannot be attributed to surface relaxation effects alone. The approach described herein has the potential to be adapted to a range of inorganic NP systems to interrogate surface structure.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Thermodynamic insight into AnO 2 + bonding from ThH + /UH + reactions studied by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry

The bonding mechanisms of actinides have been a focus of fundamental research over the past few decades. In the present study, reactions of the simplest actinide-containing species, ThH + and UH + , with O 2 and CO 2 are investigated by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. The reactions of ThH + and UH + with O 2 are efficient, and the reactions of ThH + and UH + with CO 2 display reduced reaction efficiencies. For both reactions involving CO 2 , ThO 2 + and UO 2 + are observed; however, there is a clear barrier to ThO 2 + formation whereas UO 2 + forms through an exothermic, barrierless process. The experimental observations and available thermodynamic information are used to predict the outcomes of reactions involving the later AnH + . The anticipated reaction enthalpies for Pa–Am display a clear correlation with the promotion energy of An + to a 6d 2 electronic configuration, E p (6d 2 ), although a shift in the slope of the correlation of reaction enthalpies and E p (6d 2 ) suggests that there is likely a change in bonding mechanism that starts with Np + . Similar shifts have also been noted in previous studies. Beginning with Np + , the 6d orbitals become less accessible than they are for the earlier An + as measured by E p (6d 2 ), and this accessibility of the 6d orbitals may drive actinide bonding.

5f orbitals↗
DOE OSTI2022

Super-porous Pt/CuO/Pt hybrid platform for ultra-sensitive and selective H 2 O 2 detection

A super-porous Pt/CuO/Pt hybrid electrode is demonstrated with extremely high sensing performance parameters for the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) detection. A unique physiochemical approach is adapted for the fabrication of 3-D super-porous Pt/CuO/Pt sensing platform. Here, the super-porous Pt/CuO/Pt hybrid platform demonstrates a superior sensitivity of 16,694 µA mM -1 cm -2 with a limit of detection of 2.91 nM (S/N = 3). It also demonstrates an excellent selectivity against the interfering molecules such as NaCl, fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid, dopamine and glucose with a wide linear range. The demonstrated performance ranks the Pt/CuO/Pt hybrid platform as one of the best H 2 O 2 sensors as summarized in the Table 2. The super-porous CuO layer is fabricated by a dynamic hydrogen bubbling technique of electrochemical deposition and metallic Pt NP decoration is achieved by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) and post-annealing. The super-porous CuO layer offers a drastically improved electrochemical active surface area, and the Pt NP decoration offers a significantly improved conductivity and improved charge accumulation for the H 2 O 2 reduction. The DFT simulations confirm the predominance of CuO over Cu 2 O and Pt over Pd for the H 2 O 2 detection based on the adsorption energy, density of states and charge accumulation calculations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on BaNp(PO4)2 by Materials Project

BaNp(PO4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ba2+ is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to twelve O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ba–O bond distances ranging from 2.77–3.30 Å. Np4+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 2.31–2.49 Å. P5+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There is two shorter (1.55 Å) and two longer (1.56 Å) P–O bond length. There are four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ba2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ba2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ba2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ba2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on CaNp(PO4)2 by Materials Project

CaNp(PO4)2 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ca2+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Ca–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.86 Å. Np4+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Np–O bond distances ranging from 2.32–2.68 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.53–1.57 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.57 Å. There are eight inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ca2+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Np4+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ca2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Ca2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Ca2+, two equivalent Np4+, and one P5+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to two equivalent Ca2+, one Np4+, and one P5+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cs(NpSe3)2 by Materials Project

Cs(NpSe3)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Immm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Cs1+ is bonded to eight equivalent Se2- atoms to form face-sharing CsSe8 hexagonal bipyramids. All Cs–Se bond lengths are 3.77 Å. Np+5.50+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight Se2- atoms. There are a spread of Np–Se bond distances ranging from 2.89–2.96 Å. There are two inequivalent Se2- sites. In the first Se2- site, Se2- is bonded to four equivalent Np+5.50+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing SeNp4 trigonal pyramids. In the second Se2- site, Se2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Cs1+, two equivalent Np+5.50+, and two equivalent Se2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.68 Å) and one longer (2.81 Å) Se–Se bond lengths.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measuring Neptunium Concentration using Optical Spectrometry for the Pu-238 Supply Program

Targets containing 237 Np are irradiated at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to produce 238 Pu, as plutonium dioxide (PuO 2 ), a heat source material for use in future NASA space missions. Kilogram quantities of Np are processed yearly and developing methods to efficiently characterize and monitor the Np processing streams with optical spectroscopy and real-time monitoring software is a critical aspect of this effort. Here, we evaluate how ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) absorbance and Raman spectroscopic techniques are applicable to characterizing concentrated Np solutions and provide proof-of-principle and proof-of-concept results for each technique. Both techniques were tested in lab-scale studies and should improve the timeliness of production efforts. However, spectrophotometry is the more mature option and has been successfully demonstrated in a hot cell environment. An overview of the initial findings, a brief demonstration, and areas for future work will be highlighted in this report.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Future Trends in Nuclear Physics Computing

In nuclear physics (NP) today the study of quarks, gluons and their strong interactions extends across a broad research program at a varied range of collaborative scales, from a few collaborators up to large experiments at scales comparable to those typical of high energy physics (HEP). Overall, the software and computing efforts vary accordingly, from pragmatic do-it-yourself approaches among a few, to substantial organized software and computing activities within large experiments. With new experiments starting up and on the horizon [1], and rapidly increasing data volumes [2, 3] and processing demands even at small experiments, the NP community has in recent years been thinking about the next generation of data processing and analysis workflows that will maximize the science output. One context for this discussion has been a series of workshops, “Future Trends in Nuclear Physics Computing” [4]. The most recent in this series took place in Fall 2020, organized by the authors together with colleagues. The workshop focused on identifying the unique aspects of software and computing in NP, and discussing how the NP community could strengthen common efforts and chart a path forward for the next decade, sure to be an exciting one with rich ongoing scientific programs at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Jefferson Lab (JLab), and other NP facilities, and culminating in datataking at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) [5,6,7] in the early 2030s. Without claiming to present a collective view from the workshop and discussions since—fortunately this is not expected of us in this opinion editorial—we offer here our reflections on the topic, informed by the workshop and the summary we authored with our colleagues [8], as well as discussions and developments in the eventful time since.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗