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Results for “POROSITY”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2004

Direct Measurements of Eddy Transport and Thermal Dispersion in a High Porosity Matrix

Thermal losses from the hot end to the cold end of a Stirling cycle regenerator due to thermal dispersion through the regenerator matrix may significantly degrade the performance of the machine. Because of poor access to the void spaces within the porous medium, no direct measurements of thermal dispersion have been made and dispersion models have been derived indirectly. This is done by measuring the overall thermal performance of the regenerator and subtracting off the energy transfer caused by molecular conduction and advected enthalpy flows computed from volume-averaged fluid velocity and temperature. In the current program, a large-scale porous matrix consisting of stacked wire screens with a porosity of 90% is installed in a flow rig which is operated in a Reynolds number range that represents Stirling engine regenerator flow. Experiments are conducted to measure turbulent transport of momentum at the exit phase using hot-wires. The relationship of such turbulent transport terms to the thermal dispersion term in the volumetric-averaged energy equation for the regenerator matrix is developed and the measurements are used to determine cross-stream thermal dispersion. A dispersion model based upon the measurements is proposed and compared with models documented in the literature.

Niu, Yi↗
NASA NTRS2005

Determination of Meteorite Porosity Using Liquid Nitrogen

We introduce a new harmless method for porosity measurement suitable for meteorite samples. The method is a modification of the traditional Archimedean method based on immersion of the samples in a liquid medium like water or organic liquids. In our case we used liquid nitrogen for its chemically inert characteristics.

Kohout, T.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Effect of Stepwise Pressure Change on Porosity Evolution during Directional Solidification in Small Cylindrical Channels

Controlled directional solidification experiments were performed in capillary channels, using nitrogen-saturated succinonitrile, to examine the effect of an in-situ stepwise processing pressure increase on an isolated pore evolution. Two experiments were performed using different processing pressure input profiles. The results indicate that a processing pressure increase has a transient effect on pore growth geometry characterized by an initial phase of decreasing pore diameter, followed by a recovery phase of increasing pore diameter. The experimental results also show that processing pressure can be used as a control parameter to either increase or terminate porosity formation. A theoretical model is introduced which indicates that the pore formation process is limited by the diffusion of solute-gas through the melt, and that the observed response toa pressure increase is attributed to the re-equilibration of solute concentration in the melt associated with the increased melt pressure.

Grugel, R.N.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Modified Process Reduces Porosity when Soldering in Reduced Gravity Environments

A modified process yields lower levels of internal porosity for solder joints produced in reduced-gravity environments. The process incorporates both alternative materials and a modified procedure. The process provides the necessary cleaning action to enable effective bonding of the applied solder alloy with the materials to be joined. The modified process incorporates a commercially available liquid flux that is applied to the solder joint before heating with the soldering iron. It is subsequently heated with the soldering iron to activate the cleaning action of the flux and to evaporate most of the flux, followed by application of solder alloy in the form of commercially available solid solder wire (containing no flux). Continued heating ensures adequate flow of the solder alloy around and onto the materials to be joined. The final step is withdrawal of the soldering iron to allow alloy solidification and cooling of the solder joint.

Watson, Kevin↗
NASA NTRS2015

Study of Geometric Porosity on Static Stability and Drag Using Computational Fluid Dynamics for Rigid Parachute Shapes

This paper explores use of computational fluid dynamics to study the e↵ect of geometric porosity on static stability and drag for NASA's Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle main parachute. Both of these aerodynamic characteristics are of interest to in parachute design, and computational methods promise designers the ability to perform detailed parametric studies and other design iterations with a level of control previously unobtainable using ground or flight testing. The approach presented here uses a canopy structural analysis code to define the inflated parachute shapes on which structured computational grids are generated. These grids are used by the computational fluid dynamics code OVERFLOW and are modeled as rigid, impermeable bodies for this analysis. Comparisons to Apollo drop test data is shown as preliminary validation of the technique. Results include several parametric sweeps through design variables in order to better understand the trade between static stability and drag. Finally, designs that maximize static stability with a minimal loss in drag are suggested for further study in subscale ground and flight testing.

Greathouse, James S.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Influence of sizing concentration on strength, stiffness, and porosity in textile grade carbon fiber (TCF)-Epoxy composites: Revealing inverse trends

The effect of fiber sizing (i.e., surface treatment) concentration (0 %, 1.36 %, 1.52 %, 1.94 %, and 2.13 %) on the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and low velocity impact) of textile grade carbon fiber (TCF)-epoxy composite is examined. An inverse relationship between the strength and stiffness of the composite is observed with increased sizing concentration. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of the fiber surface increased from 17.8 nm (unsized) to 22.7 nm with 2.13 % sizing concentration. It was found that the tensile strength increased by 131 % from 221.4 ± 18.5 MPa (unsized) to 510.8 ± 28.05 MPa (for 1.36 % sizing) and further by 155 %–563.7 ± 14.95 MPa at 2.13 % sizing. On the contrary, the stiffness is initially increased by 126 % from 33.52 ± 7.80 GPa (unsized) to 75.9 ± 3.21 GPa (for 1.36 % sizing) but reduced with further increase in the sizing concentration. A single fiber pull-out test is simulated using the finite element method to validate the reverse trend in strength and stiffness. The varying sizing concentration is simulated by introducing an interface of varying thickness between fibers and matrix. Simulation results confirm that a thicker interface, corresponding to a higher sizing concentration, decreases interfacial shear stress, enhancing material strength while decreasing stiffness. The reverse trend in strength and stiffness with the sizing concentration aligns with experimental observations. In conclusion, the present study emphasizes the importance of sizing concentration for mechanical properties and provide a design criterion for customized high-strength and high-stiffness applications.

Porosity↗
NASA NTRS2003

Asteroid density, porosity, and structure

New data from observations of asteroid mutural perturbation events, observations of asteroid satellites, and spacecraft encounters have revolutionized our understanding of asteroid bulk density.

densities↗
DOE OSTI2026

Raptor: A Python Library for Porosity Predictions in Additive Manufacturing

Raptor is an efficient Python library for simulating stochastic lack-of-fusion (sLoF) defects in additive manufacturing (AM) processes. These defects arise from stochastic variations in the melt pool boundary leading to undermelting from insufficient overlap between adjacent melt pools or successive layers (Grasso & Colosimo, 2017; Khairallah et al., 2016). Performance variability of AM parts is a pressing challenge in qualification and certification of AM parts; this is in part due to the poorly understood formation rate and statistics of sLoF defects. Raptor is designed to capture the explicit morphologies of sLoF defects and their statistics to accelerate qualification and certification efforts of AM parts in critical applications.

Subraveti, Vamsi [Vanderbilt University]↗