Delayed radiation effects in the brains of monkeys exposed to X- and gamma-rays.
Delayed pathological radiation effects on monkey brains exposed to X and gamma rays, discussing white matter, cerebral cortex and hypothalamus damage
Call, N.↗
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Carbon offers advantages as implant material in human body
Because of such characteristics as high strength and long-term biocompatability, aerospace carbonaceous materials may be used as surgical implants to correct pathological conditions in the body resulting from disease or injury. Examples of possible medical uses include bone replacement, implantation splints and circulatory bypass implants.
Benson, J.↗
A new case of diabetes insipidus with polydipsia. Study of thirst
Brain lesion induced thirst mechanism in human diabetic pathology
Galey, J.-J.↗
A theoretical study of pulmonary capillary gas exchange and venous admixture.
Pulmonary capillary gas exchange and venous admixture model and inclusion into respiratory system model, discussing pressure and concentration gradients, pathological effects, etc
Milhorn, H. T., Jr.↗
The finite rotating universe
Finite rotating universe model construction not possessing Goedel cosmos pathological properties, discussing relation to Mach principle
Ozsvath, I.↗
Apollo 11 - Exposure of lower animals to lunar material
Biological tests of fish and invertebrates exposed to Apollo 11 lunar surface material, noting absence of pathological effects
Allison, T. C.↗
Plasma tocopherol concentrations and vitamin E deficiency in dogs
Plasma tocopherol concentrations and vitamin E deficiency in dogs, noting pathologic changes in smooth muscle, central nervous system, skeletal muscle and retina
Hayes, K. C.↗
Biological activity of lunar soil Final report, 7 Jan. - 31 Oct. 1970
Development of clinical pathology procedures for detection of diseases in germfree mice and detection of titanium in lymphoid structures of hamsters, mice, and rats
Kenyon, A. J.↗
Nonlinear analysis of flow pulses and shock waves in arteries. II
Nonlinear analysis of arterial flow pulses and shock waves, simulating aortic insufficiency under pathological conditions by mathematical model
Anliker, M.↗
Radiation carcinogenesis and acute radiation mortality in the rat as produced by 2.2 GeV protons
Biological studies, proton carcinogenesis, the interaction of protons and gamma-rays on carcinogenesis, proton-induced acute mortality, and chemical protection against proton-induced acute mortality were studied in the rat and these proton-produced responses were compared to similar responses produced by gamma-rays or X-rays. Litter-mate mice were assigned to each experimental and control group so that approximately equal numbers of litter mates were placed in each group. Animals to be studied for mammary neoplasia were handled for 365 days post-exposure when all animals alive were killed. All animals were examined frequently for mammary tumors and as these were found, they were removed, sectioned and given a pathologic classification.
Shellabarger, C. J.↗
Evaluation of the hazard from exposure to electron irradiation simulating that in the synchronous orbit
The electron spectrum predicted for the synchronous orbit was simulated to determine the effects that might occur to astroscientists exposed to such irradiation while on a prolonged space station mission in that region. Miniature pigs were exposed to monoenergetic and spectral-fractionated irradiations with 0.5 to 2.1 MeV electrons. Clinical and pathological alterations observed in biopsies were correlated with depth-dose pattern and length of post irradiation period up to one year. With monoenergetic electrons, the lowest dose causing a recognizable lesion was 1450 rad and with increasing dose lesions appeared earlier and were more severe. At the highest dose given, 2650 rad, ulceration extending into the dermis was present by twenty one days and required about four months for complete healing. Spectral-fractionated irradiations, in which the total dose range was essentially comparable to that of the monoenergetic series, resulted in very minimal outer dermis edema at 1790 rad and at no dose employed did necrosis of epidermis or ulceration into dermis occur.
Lippincott, S. W.↗
Fluid dynamics in flexible tubes: An application to the study of the pulmonary circulation
Based on an analysis of unsteady, viscous flow through distensible tubes, a lumped-parameter model for the dynamics of blood flow through the pulmonary vascular bed was developed. The model is nonlinear, incorporating the variation of flow resistance with transmural pressure. Solved using a hybrid computer, the model yields information concerning the time-dependent behavior of blood pressures, flow rates, and volumes in each important class of vessels in each lobe of each lung in terms of the important physical and environmental parameters. Simulations of twenty abnormal or pathological situations of interest in environmental physiology and clinical medicine were performed. The model predictions agree well with physiological data.
Kuchar, N. R.↗
Late effects of 2.2 GeV protons on the central nervous system.
Investigation of late pathological effects of high-energy (2.2 GeV) protons on the brain of rabbits, in a postirradiation period of up to 16 months following exposure at fluxes of 30, 100, and 1000 billion protons per sq cm. At the latter two irradiation-intensity levels, the kinds of brain lesions inflicted include large venous dilatation, thickening of vessel walls with deposit of amorphous PAS positive substance, thrombosis, perivascular infiltration of leukocytes and macrophages, mobilization of microglia cells, gliosis, demyelinization, and multiple small pseudocyst formation.
Lippincott, S. W.↗
Neuropathological evaluation of monkeys exposed to body-alone X-radiation.
Investigation of the problem of whether morphological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS) following whole-body irradiation are attributable in part to abscopal factors. The 12 monkeys irradiated and the 6 that served as controls were chosen from a pool of 25 young monkeys. Over the postirradiation survival period of 14 days the hematocrit and hemoglobin values varied only slightly from the baseline values and from the values in the 6 control animals. White cell fractions were reduced in quantity but tended to recover relatively soon after irradiation. The design of this experiment was regarded as adequate to allow a conclusion whether pathological changes in the CNS of the irradiated animals differed from or exceeded those observed in the control animals. That such occurred on both counts in 3 of the 12 irradiated animals was evident. It appears that all the lesions must have been abscopally induced.
Haymaker, W.↗
Human responses to electricity: A literature review
An extensive review of literature on research concerning biomedical sensors is presented for establishing standards for current limiting devices. The physiological and pathological responses of the human, when exposed to electricity are reported including the thresholds: for perception of electricity, pain by electric current, induction of muscular contraction by electric shock, and ventricular fibrillation. The passive electrical properties of cells and tissues are also reported.
Turner, H. S.↗
Rotary acceleration
Rotary acceleration is found to be a manifestation of angular acceleration, and is always present during steady state spinning or tumbling, even when the angular velocity is constant. Subjective reactions and tolerances, performance, physiological effects, and pathological effects are reviewed for rotary acceleration. Thresholds for stimulation perception by angular acceleration in man are presented in tabular form.
Fraser, T. M.↗
Breeding monkeys for biomedical research
Captive bred rhesus monkeys show much less pathology than wild born animals. The monkeys may be bred in cages or in an outdoor compound. Cage bred animals are not psychologically normal which makes then unsuited for some types of space related research. Compound breeding provides contact between mother and infant and an opportunity for the infants to play with their peers which are important requirements to help maintain their behavioral integrity. Offspring harvested after a year in the compound appear behaviorally normal and show little histopathology. Compound breeding is also an economical method for the rapid production of young animals. The colony can double its size about every two and a half years.
Bourne, G. H.↗
Solutions of the chemical kinetic equations for initially inhomogeneous mixtures.
Following the recent discussions by O'Brien (1971) and Donaldson and Hilst (1972) of the effects of inhomogeneous mixing and turbulent diffusion on simple chemical reaction rates, the present report provides a more extensive analysis of when inhomogeneous mixing has a significant effect on chemical reaction rates. The analysis is then extended to the development of an approximate chemical sub-model which provides much improved predictions of chemical reaction rates over a wide range of inhomogeneities and pathological distributions of the concentrations of the reacting chemical species. In particular, the development of an approximate representation of the third-order correlations of the joint concentration fluctuations permits closure of the chemical sub-model at the level of the second-order moments of these fluctuations and the mean concentrations.
Hilst, G. R.↗