Purification, crystallization, and subunit structure of allosteric adenosine 5'-monophosphate nucleosidase.
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Schramm, V. L.↗
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Purification of Synechococcus lividus by equilibrium centrifugation and its synchronization by differential centrifugation.
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Sitz, T. O.↗
Evaluation of 165 deg F reverse osmosis modules for washwater purification.
Three membrane systems have been evaluated for concentration at 165 F of wash-water contaminants. Membranes tested are polybenzimidazole (hollow fibers), cellulose acetate blend (spiral wound), and sulfonated polyphenylene oxide (plate-and-frame). Detailed membrane flux and rejection data are presented for 200-hr life tests with synthetic wash water, at two concentrations, and real wash water, at one concentration. Advantages and limitations of the membrane configurations, are discussed.
Hossain, S.↗
Development of sulfonated polyphenylene oxide membranes for the reverse osmosis purification of wash water at sterilization temperatures /165 F/.
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Laconti, A. B.↗
Development of an iodine generator for reclaimed water purification in manned spacecraft applications
A successful 30-day test is described of a prototype Iodine Generating and Dispensing System (IGDS). The IGDS was sized to iodinate the drinking water nominally consumed by six men, 4.5 to 13.6 kg (10 to 30 lb) water per man-day with a + or - 10 to 20% variation with iodine (I2) levels of 0.5 to 20 parts per million (ppm). The I2 treats reclaimed water to prevent or eliminate microorganism contamination. Treatment is maintained with a residual of I2 within the manned spacecraft water supply. A simplified version of the chlorogen water disinfection concept, developed by life systems for on-site generation of chlorine (Cl2), was used as a basis for IGDS development. Potable water contaminated with abundant E. Coliform Group organisms was treated by electrolytically generated I2 at levels of 5 to 10 ppm. In all instances, the E. coli were eliminated.
Wynveen, R. A.↗
Method of preparing water purification membranes
Allyl amine and chemically related compounds are polymerized as thin films in the presence of a plasma discharge. The monomer compound can be polymerized by itself or in the presence of an additive gas to promote polymerization and act as a carrier. The polymerized films thus produced show outstanding advantages when used as reverse osmosis membranes.
Hollahan, J. R.↗
Corona-discharge air-purification system
Plasma reaction chamber removes trace contaminants from spacecraft, submarines, and other closed environments by oxidizing contaminants to produce carbon dioxide and water. Contaminants are alcohols, esters, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. Others are lubricant solvents such as Freons, aromatics, and Ketones. Contaminants are removed from chamber by scrubber.
Wydeven, T. J.↗
Iodine generator for reclaimed water purification
The system disclosed is for controlling the iodine level in a water supply in a spacecraft. It includes an iodine accumulator which stores crystalline iodine, an electrochemical valve to control the input of iodine to the drinking water and an iodine dispenser. A pump dispenses fluid through the iodine dispenser and an iodine sensor to a potable water tank storage. The iodine sensor electronically detects the iodine level in the water, and through electronic means, produces a correction current control. The correction current control operates the electro-chemical iodine valve to release iodine from the iodine accumulator into the iodine dispenser.
Wynveen, R. A.↗
Purification and cultivation of human pituitary growth hormone secreting cells
The maintainance of actively secreting human pituitary growth hormone cells (somatotrophs) in vitro was studied. The primary approach was the testing of agents which may be expected to increase the release of the human growth hormone (hGH). A procedure for tissue procurement is described along with the methodologies used to dissociate human pituitary tissue (obtained either at autopsy or surgery) into single cell suspensions. The validity of the Biogel cell column perfusion system for studying the dynamics of GH release was developed and documented using a rat pituitary cell system.
Hymer, W. C.↗
Process for purification of waste water produced by a Kraft process pulp and paper mill
The water from paper and pulp wastes obtained from a mill using the Kraft process is purified by precipitating lignins and lignin derivatives from the waste stream with quaternary ammonium compounds, removing other impurities by activated carbon produced from the cellulosic components of the water, and then separating the water from the precipitate and solids. The activated carbon also acts as an aid to the separation of the water and solids. If recovery of lignins is also desired, then the precipitate containing the lignins and quaternary ammonium compounds is dissolved in methanol. Upon acidification, the lignin is precipitated from the solution. The methanol and quaternary ammonium compound are recovered for reuse from the remainder.
Humphrey, M. F.↗
Purification and cultivation of human pituitary growth hormone secreting cells
Efforts were directed towards maintenance of actively secreting human pituitary growth hormone cells (somatotrophs) in vitro. The production of human growth hormone (hGH) by this means would be of benefit for the treatment of certain human hypopituitary diseases such as dwarfism. One of the primary approaches was the testing of agents which may logically be expected to increase hGH release. The progress towards this goal is summarized. Results from preliminary experiments dealing with electrophoresis of pituitary cell for the purpose of somatotroph separation are described.
Hymer, W. C.↗
Electrotransport purification of thorium under low pressure conditions
It was demonstrated that the ultrapurification of refractory metals by electrotransport refining could best be accomplished in the noncontaminating environment of an orbiting low density materials laboratory such as the Molecular Shield Device. Refining experiments were performed at 2 x 10 to the -12th Torr which resulted in the preparation of small quantities of the World's purest thorium metal. The microgravity occurring in orbit was simulated electromagnetically and shown to be advantageous in eliminating grain-sliding caused by the plastic deformation of the sample at high temperature. The electrotransport sample assembly was tested in several environments including simulated solar irradiation, coldness and darkness and under various pressure conditions. Ultrapure single crystals of alpha thorium were also prepared and characterized. Laboratory electronics for the experiment were developed and a totally automatic control system was used to heat the specimens.
Schmidt, F. A.↗
Simultaneous stack gas scrubbing wastewater purification
Variations of a process for removing sulfur dioxide from stack gases and using it to treat municipal waste water are described. The once-through system lowers the pH of the scrubbing water from minor depressions to a pH of about 2.5 under certain conditions. A recycle system uses iron for catalytic oxidation of sulfurous acid to sulfuric acid allowing very large amounts of sulfur dioxide to be absorbed in a small portion of water. The partial recycle system uses municipal wastewater and iron as a scrubbing medium, followed by neutralization of the wastewater with lime to produce an iron hydroxide precipitation which, when removed, produces tertiary quality treated wastewater. The SO2 scrubber is described, test results are analyzed, and a preliminary capital cost estimate for the three processes is included.
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Process for purification of solids
A process for purifying solids, especially silicon, by melting and subsequent resolidification, is described. Silicon used in solar cell manufacturing is processed more efficiently and cost effectively.
Herzer, H.↗
Low-Waste Purification of Silicon
Ultra-high-purity silicon required for solar cells, transistors and integrated circuits can be produced from metallurgical grade silicon by formation and pyrolysis of silane gas in continuous-flow process that maximizes product purity with minimum amount of equipment. Integrated process recycles unreacted and byproduct materials, minimizing material losses and simplifying waste disposal. Ensures effective removal of impurities, including boron.
Breneman, W. C.↗
Purification of Solar Ponds
Flocculatory agents added to solar saltponds remove turbidity to increase solar-energy collection efficiency. Flocculating agent or bacteriocide used to remove micro-organisms sprayed onto pond from airplane and allowed to settle to bottom of pond.
Carpenter, S.↗
New polymers for low-gravity purification of cells by phase partitioning
A potentially powerful technique for separating different biological cell types is based on the partitioning of these cells between the immiscible aqueous phases formed by solution of certain polymers in water. This process is gravity-limited because cells sediment rather than associate with the phase most favored on the basis of cell-phase interactions. In the present contract we have been involved in the synthesis of new polymers both to aid in understanding the partitioning process and to improve the quality of separations. The prime driving force behind the design of these polymers is to produce materials which will aid in space experiments to separate important cell types and to study the partitioning process in the absence of gravity (i.e., in an equilibrium state).
Harris, J. M.↗
Electrophoretic purification of cells in space - Evaluation of results from STS-3
The procedure and results of Electrophoresis Equipment Verification Test, designed to examine electrophoretic behavior of animal cells is suspension more concentrated than possible on earth and flown on the Shuttle flight STS-3, were discussed. Ground-based laboratory values of electrophoretic mobilities of a mixture of human and rabbit aldehyde-fixed red blood cells (RBC) were compared with those recorded at 11 minute intervals on the Shuttle STS-3. RBC migration and separation observed through photographic records were not as expected. However, cell mobilities and migrating band profiles were consistent with the results of laboratory simulation experiments. It was concluded that zero G electrophoresis of very high concentrations (1 x 10 to the 9th) is possible and similar to electrophoresis of normal cell concentrations on earth.
Sarnoff, B. E.↗