Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources: Prospects and Problems
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With a potential threefold increase in geothermal electricity generation by 2035, geothermal energy is increasingly recognized for its potential to reduce carbon emissions (EIA 2011a). Energy and environmental analyses are critical to developing a robust set of geothermal energy technologies that meet future demand. Previous work has summarized what is currently known about the life-cycle freshwater requirements of geothermal power-generating systems and the water quality of geothermal waters. This report builds upon that work, presenting an assessment of freshwater demand for future growth in utility-scale geothermal power generation and an analysis of freshwater use in low-temperature geopressured geothermal power generation systems. This is part of a larger effort to compare the life-cycle impacts of geothermal electricity generation with other power generation technologies. This report is organized with an introduction followed by two primary analysis sections. The introduction gives the background of the project and its purpose and summarizes the geothermal electricity generation technologies evaluated in this study. These technologies include conventional hydrothermal flash and binary systems, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), and geopressured geothermal systems.
Abstract not provided.
High altitude multispectral imagery for identifying and mapping rangeland characteristics
NASA educational reference manual suggesting incorporation of space related subjects into industrial arts courses
Appendixes are presented that provide model input requirements, a sample case, flow charts, and a program listing. At the beginning of each appendix, descriptive details and technical comments are provided to indicate any special instructions applicable to the use of that appendix. In addition, the program listing includes comment cards that state the purpose of each subroutine in the complete program and describe operations performed within that subroutine. The input requirements includes details on the many options that adapt the program to the specific needs of the analyst for a particular problem.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
In late 1973, NASA plans to launch a three-man experimental space station, the Skylab Workshop. Technical specifications regarding the instrumental facilities of the space station are presented, giving attention to the multispectral photographic facility, the IR spectrometer, the multispectral scanner, the L-band radiometer, and the S-193 sensor. The S-193 sensor will provide data applicable to studying varying ocean surfaces, wave conditions, sea and lake ice, ocean clouds, weather prediction, and soil types. All data from the sensors will be recorded on film and analog magnetic tape for return at the end of each manned period of Skylab.
The author has identified the following significant results. Processing and analysis of CCT's for numerous ground truth supported passes over Kansas reservoirs has demonstrated that sun angle and atmospheric conditions are strong influences on water reflectance levels as detected by ERTS-1 and can suppress the contributions of true water quality factors. Band ratios, on the other hand, exhibit very little dependence on sun angle and sky conditions and thus are more directly related to water quality. Band ratio levels can be used to reliably determine suspended load. Other water quality indicators appear to have little or no affect on reflectance levels.
The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS MSS ratios derived from CCT's are very effective for quantitative detection of suspended solid up to at least 900 ppm. The relatively high inorganic suspended solids, characteristic of midcontinent reservoirs, dominates the reflected energy present in the four MSS bands. Dissolved solids concentrations up to 500 ppm and algal nutrients up to 20 ppm are not detectable. The MSS5/MSS4 ratio may be weakly correlated with total chlorophyll above approximately 8 micrograms/liter.
The results of an investigation of the value of improving information for forecasting future crop harvests are described. A theoretical model is developed to calculate the value of increased speed of availablitiy of that information. The analysis of U.S. domestic wheat consumption was implemented. New estimates of a demand function for wheat and of a cost of storage function were involved, along with a Monte Carlo simulation for the wheat spot and future markets and a model of market determinations of wheat inventories. Results are shown to depend critically on the accuracy of current and proposed measurement techniques.