SEARCH · Search NASA
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The planning, schedules, direction, and management necessary to effectively perform the design, development, evaluation, and flight of two type 1 and two type 2 bioresearch modules are described.
The Space Shuttle Program is described in terms of the master planning schedule, design details of the Orbiter vehicle and solid rocket boosters, and payload capabilities of the vehicle for various types of missions. Initial flight tests are described along with subsequent envisioned operational missions. Additional topics include individual phases comprising a complete Space Shuttle mission, typical payload curves for various circular and elliptical orbit missions, details of the payload bay and the remote payload manipulator system, and a general listing of avionics provisions in the vehicle.
Approaches to payload definition, design, and planning adopted in the Space Shuttle Program are described. The Space Shuttle offers many new modes of operation featuring reuse of spacecraft, on-orbit checkout and maintenance, sortie experiment missions, and opportunities to trade launch weight and volume for cost savings. In order to take advantage of these new approaches and to accommodate the varying missions, new payload elements have been identified, and new low-cost design approaches are being developed to utilize standardized components and modularized subassemblies that reduce spacecraft buildup and maintenance costs. A new payload planning technique makes use of the computer to provide large-scale planning, scheduling, and costing required for various program options.
The objectives, program plan, schedule, pollution and performance goals, program approaches to pollution reduction, and status of the project are presented. Advanced supersonic transport and combustion noise programs are also discussed. The phases of the program consist of the following: (1) screening of low pollutant combustors, (2) refinement of the best combustors, and (3) engine demonstration of the best combustors. It is stated that all combustor designs investigated appear capable of achieving the idle pollutant goals with additional development effort.
Program provides practical system for total project management in areas of planning, scheduling, resource control, and reporting. It allows use of existing management and administrative tools and processes and is applicable to many types of projects.
Assessed are the risks associated with the lift/cruise fan technology V/STOL aircraft program. Three candidate concepts for the technology aircraft design approach are considered: the lowspeed only modification, the full performance modification, and the all new aircraft concepts. Survey results indicate that the lift/cruise fan technology aircraft program is feasible, from the standpoint of technical risk, with some evidence of uncertainty of meeting the planned schedule and relatively minor impact on estimated program costs.
The technical analysis is reported that was performed during the shuttle payload interface verification equipment study. It describes: (1) the background and intent of the study; (2) study approach and philosophy covering all facets of shuttle payload/cargo integration; (3)shuttle payload integration requirements; (4) preliminary design of the horizontal IVE; (5) vertical IVE concept; and (6) IVE program development plans, schedule and cost. Also included is a payload integration analysis task to identify potential uses in addition to payload interface verification.
During the 1960s NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) used the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) as its principal schedule planning and control tool in flight projects. After a temporary replacement of PERT by other techniques, PERT has been reinstituted on all but one of GSFC's flight projects. PERT has been combined with a computer graphics program which makes it possible to produce PERT drawings in only a few hours' time.
Program plans, schedules, and costs are determined for a synchronous orbit-based power generation and relay system. Requirements for the satellite solar power station (SSPS) and the power relay satellite (PRS) are explored. Engineering analysis of large solar arrays, flight mechanics and control, transportation, assembly and maintenance, and microwave transmission are included.
The plan schedule and status of multiple objectives to be achieved in the development, manufacture, installation, and maintenance of two solar heated hot water prototype systems and two heat exchangers are reported. A computer program developed to resolve problems and evaluate system performance is described.
An overview of the ongoing program is presented. Objectives, plan, schedule, pollution and performance goals, catalyst advantages, present problems, and the present status of identified combustor concepts are discussed. The possible increase in upper atmosphere oxides of nitrogen (NOx) levels due to aircraft number density increases was predicted to adversely decrease ozone concentration levels. A technique for achieving low NOx emission levels was experimentally demonstrated with a lean, premixing prevaporizing flame-tube combustor.
Upon completion of the design and development of three Mod-2 wind turbines, a series of research experiments are planned to gather data on and evaluate the performance, environmental effects, and operation of a cluster as well as a single, large multimegawatt wind turbine. Information on the program objectives, a Mod-2 system description, a planned schedule, organizational roles, and responsibilities, is included.
As part of its preparation for the operational Shuttle era, the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) is currently replacing most of the mission operations computing complexes that have supported near-earth space missions since the late 1960's. Major associated systems include the Metric Data Facility (MDF) which preprocesses, stores, and forwards all near-earth satellite tracking data; the Orbit Computation System (OCS) which determines related production orbit and attitude information; the Flight Dynamics System (FDS) which formulates spacecraft attitude and orbit maneuvers; and the Command Management System (CMS) which handles mission planning, scheduling, and command generation and integration. Management issues and experiences for the resultant replacement process are driven by a wide range of possible future mission requirements, flight-critical system aspects, complex internal system interfaces, extensive existing applications software, and phasing to optimize systems evolution.
The final integration of Spacelab payloads with the Shuttle is described. Attention is given to launch processing planning, schedules, quality control, and problem reports and configuration maintenance. Also covered are the integration and checkout of individual and combined experiments, mounting the end cones, attachment of the transfer tunnel, and inclusion of an extra experiments pallet. The entire Spacelab module was subjected to a full systems simulation before deliverance to the Orbiter bay. Modular parts that were transferred from building-to-building were placed in sealed containers filled with a purged atmosphere during transport.
The requirements for the Space Station are being defined. The Environmental Control/Life Support System (ECLSS) is one of its 13 systems. The ECLSS is further divided into five functional categories. Major ones are the Air Revitalization and Water Reclamation Systems. The paper presents ECLSS performance requirements, average design loads and fluids interfaces. The major cost savings of regenerable ECLSS techniques versus the open loop approach are quantified. Issues impacting ECLSS design are cited. Priority regenerable ECLSS developments are reviewed including the Electrochemical CO2 Concentrator, Static Feed Electrolyzer and Automated Control/Monitor Instrumentation. Baseline and alternative approaches are cited. The ECLSS planning issues are reviewed including functional boundaries, planning schedule, technology maturity definition and technology gaps. The paper concludes with a review of water electrolysis as a Space Station utility impacting ECLSS design.
User requirements for the planned Space Station, and utilization planning to meet those needs, are discussed. The continual involvement of the customer in all aspects of the Space Station Program is to be achieved by identifying customers and by defining, refining, and integrating their requirements so as to stimulate the best possible design, development, and operations. Planning guidelines to be used in the Space Station definition process are shown and discussed, as is the Space Station Planning Schedule.
The Space Transportation System (STS) documents were reviewed to determine their applicability to the Aft Cargo Carrier (ACC). The ACC requirements were developed to assure that the appropriate STS requirements were met. Payload accommodations/interface was discussed. The configuration, structural details, and subsystems of the ACC design are described. Mission analysis, planning schedules, and cost are summarized.
There are four areas of research being pursued in 1988 under sponsorship of the FAA/NASA Joint University Research Program, and one area which has been completed. The four active areas were: (1) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) in Air Traffic Control. The purpose of this research effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of using ASR technology within the ATC environment and to address the problems involved, especially the relevant human factors issues. (2) A Rule-Based Planning and Scheduling System. Planning denotes the formulation of a detailed scheme, program, or method worked out beforehand for the accomplishment of a goal. It involves the analysis of the desired goal and its division into sub-goals which are subsequently treated in the same way until a set of primitive objectives is obtained. (3) Modeling of Ice Accretion on Aircraft in Glaze Icing Conditions. The work in aircraft icing over the past year has focused on the fundamental aspects of glaze ice accretion, with the goal of improving analytical ice accretion models. Over the past year, studies have been conducted on the generation of surface roughness on accreting ice surfaces with the goal of providing a deterministic surface roughness in the ice accretion models. (4) Cockpit Display of Hazardous Weather Information. Information transfer and display issues associated with the dissemination of hazardous weather warnings are studied in the context of windshear alerts.