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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
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NASA NTRS1971

Short time-scale optical pulsations in the night sky background

A network of monitoring stations designed to detect large scale fluorescence emission in the atmosphere has been in operation for over two years. The motivation for the search arises from the prediction that an energetic photon burst would be produced in a supernova and this burst, when absorbed in the atmosphere, would produce fluorescence. This paper reports on observations up to February 1971. No supernova-like events have been found, although 4.4 were expected. One class of non-fluorescence events is described that evidence suggests is related to electrical discharge in the atmosphere. Another type of non-fluorescence pulse appears to be related to particle precipitation in the atmosphere.

Bertsch, D. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Time scale for the formation of the earth and planets and its role in their geochemical evolution

The initial mass of the solar nebula is discussed. Models of a massive nebula (two solar masses and more) encounter serious difficulties: an effective mechanism of transfer of the momentum from the central part of the nebula outward, capable of leading to formation of the sun and removal of half the mass of the nebula from the solar system has not been found. As a consequence of the instability of these models, their evolution can end with the formation, not a planetary system, but of a binary star. The possibility is demonstrated of obtaining acceptable growth rates for Uranus and Neptune by prolonging the thickening of preplanetary dust in the region of large masses. The important role of large bodies in the process of formation of the planets is noted. The impacts of such bodies, moving in heliocentric orbits, could have imparted considerable additional energy to the forming Moon, which, together with the energy given off by the joining of a small number of large protomoons, could have led to a high initial temperature of the moon.

Safronov, V. S.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Search for short time-scale periodicity in the X-ray flux of 4U1700-37

The existence of a short-term periodicity in the X-ray light curve of the binary system 4U1700-37 was investigated by recent Copernicus observations. 4U1700-37 was observed for two complete binary cycles in July, 1978, with a sampling interval of 86.5 sec which allowed for the detection of periodicities down to 3 min. No evidence of the periodicity which had been previously reported in the ranges 20 to 30 min or 90 to 100 min was found, nor was there any in other ranges down to 3 min, even when X-ray noise caused by intense flares on 4U1700-37 was taken into account. Possible explanations for the recent absence of periodicity are proposed.

Branduardi, G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Two time scale stabilization of systems with output feedback

The problem of constant gain output feedback regulator design for linear systems with ill-conditioned dynamics is considered in the context of singular perturbation theory. A design approach is developed in which gains can be separately calculated to stabilize reduced-order slow and fast subsystem models. By employing the notion of combined control and observation spillover suppression, conditions are derived assuring that these gains will stabilize the full-order system, assuming sufficient frequency separation between the slow and fast subsystems. An LQ design procedure is described in which the spillover suppression conditions are satisfied by adjoining penalty functions to the subsystem performance indices. The theory is demonstrated in a controller design for a flexible space structure.

Moerder, D. D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Difference methods for problems with different time scales

The use of difference methods for weakly nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations with rapidly oscillating solutions is considered, and a general approach which depends only on the smoothness of the coefficients and the nonlinearities is developed. In particular, one is led to a strategy which is suitable for the detection and resolution of turning points in such systems. A computational example is presented.

Scheid, R. E., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1985

On-three time scale analysis

In the present consideration of a three-timescale system, a block diagonalization employing three-stage linear transformations is used to decouple the original system into slow, fast, and faster subsystems. A numerical algorithm is given to solve the resulting Ricatti-type equations, and the technique is verified for the case of a ninth-order example. The technique yields substantial computational requirment reductions, since it involves subsystems that are of a lower order than the original system.

Naidu, D. S.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Prediction of geomagnetic activity on time scales of one to ten years

The long-term prediction of geomagnetic indices that characterize the state of the magnetosphere is discussed. While a prediction of the yearly average sunspot number is simultaneously a prediction of the yearly number of sudden-commencement storms, it is not a prediction of the number of disturbed or quiet half days. Knowledge of the sunspot cycle phase leads to a good estimate of the correlation expected between activity during one 27-day solar rotation period and the next.

Feynman, J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

The intercomparison of ozone measured from the SME and Nimbus-7 satellites on short and long time scales

The spatial and temporal characteristics of ozone density measured from the SBUV (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet) spectrometer on Nimbus-7 and the UV and the UV and the IR spectrometers on SME (Solar Mesosphere Explorer) are compared in the altitude region near 50 km where the three data sets overlap. Their temporal characteristics, when averaged over the same longitude range, are remarkably similar with respect to seasonal variations and short term fluctuations induced by transient planetary waves. The long term trends in the three data sets, however, differ significantly with each other. Over the three year period after 1982 ozone mixing ratio at 1 mb decreased by about 10 percent based on SEUV measurements but increased by 12 and 30 percent respectively based on SME-IR and SME-UV measurements. None of these estimates are consistent with the predicted decrease of about 2 percent based on solar UV flux and temperature changes during this period.

Chandra, S.↗
NASA NTRS1987

A comparison of the Mercury and earth magnetospheres - Electron measurements and substorm time scales

The present search for similarities between earth and Mercury plasma electron distribution and large-scale dynamics notes that both spectral shapes are similar to a kappa-distribution. A model distribution of this type which incorporates convective flow is used to simulate the observed plasma electron spectral variations near the Mariner 10-Mercury 1 A event; convection appears to be stronger before, rather than during, the A event, in contradiction to the Baker (1986) convective injection model for Mercury's two relativistic electron flux enhancements. Mercury's postmidnight energetic electron B and B-prime events seem to be multiple onsets in the course of a substorm.

Christon, S. P.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Emission-line variability and the broad-line region of quasi-stellar objects. I - Time scales and photon densities

Spectroscopic data for five low-redshift QSOs taken over several years are presented as evidence for emission-line variability in QSOs. The broad hydrogen emission lines in the QSOs 0026 + 129, 1202 + 281, 1612 + 261, and 2141 + 175 are found to vary in step with their underlying continua. Another QSO, 2135 - 147, shows an increase in the intensities of its hydrogen lines five years after the increase in its continuum level. The inferred upper limit to the size of the broad emission line region is smaller than 3 lt-yr, probably as small as 0.4 lt-yr for 0026 + 129, if the line-emitting region is spherically distributed. Such a small size implies a very high density of ionizing photons, of the order of 10 to the 10th/cu cm. A very high nucleon density must then be assumed in order to obtain a value of the ionization parameter consistent with current photoionization models.

Zheng, Wei↗
NASA NTRS1989

Cretaceous-tertiary boundary event - Evidence for a short time scale

The origin of the 'As, Sb, Zn anomaly' in Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sites is investigated using data on 11 K-T boundary sites for which comprehensive trace element analyses were available. It was found that the proportions As/Ir, Sb/Ir, and Zn/Ir were remarkably constant over about 100-fold range in concentration. The correlation persisted in sublayers of boundary clay and extended to soot from burned land biomass, indicating that all the components, despite their diverse origin, became associated in a single global component prior to deposition. Data relating the amounts of As, Sb, and Zn and the amounts of marine and land biomass to the steady-state global inventory suggest a catastrophic, rather than a gradualist scenario.

Gilmour, Iain↗
NASA NTRS1989

Middle and high latitude Southern Hemispheric oscillations on the 35-60 day time scale

The low-frequency geopotential height fluctuations in the Southern Hemisphere were examined on the basis of one-point correlation maps. Results indicate that the 35-60 day fluctuations in the Southern-Hemisphere geopotential heights exhibit wavetrainlike characteristics. Correlations between a midlatitude reference point and tropical microwave temperature data were found to be weak, suggesting that the midlatitude wavetrain is not strongly coupled to the Madden and Julian (1971) 40-50 day oscillation.

Graves, Charles E.↗