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Static calibration of an ejector unit for simulation of jet engines in small-scale wind-tunnel models
Static calibration of ejector unit for simulation of jet engines in small-scale wind tunnel models of VTOL aircraft
Reliability of VTOL Flight Control Systems
Reliability of VTOL aircraft flight control systems
Effects of jet decay rate on jet induced loads on a flat plate
Experimental modelling of the interaction between a jet and an aircraft wing or fuselage in VTOL aircraft was undertaken using a cold jet exiting perpendicular to a flat plate in a uniform cross-flow. Effects of jet decay rate and jet-to-cross-flow velocity ratio, R, on the induced load distribution were investigated. Jet decay rate was increased by using cylindrical centerbodies submerged in the jet nozzle, which caused nonuniform initial jet velocity profiles. Quicker jet decay rate, corresponding to the presence of a centerbody, resulted in as much as 50% reduction in the induced pressure loads on the plate. This has implications in interpretation of results from earlier VTOL model studies of jet induced loads, where the jets have often had relatively slow decay rates due to uniform initial velocity profiles
Experimental investigation of effect of jet decay rate on jet-induced pressures on a flat plate
An experimental study of the interaction between a lift jet and an aircraft wing for a jet VTOL aircraft was performed for the simplified model of an unheated, subsonic, circular jet exiting at right angles to a flat plate into a uniform subsonic crosswind. The effects of jet dynamic pressure decay rate upon the jet location and jet induced pressure distribution on the plate were studied over a range of jet to crossflow velocity ratios of 2.2 or = R or = 10. Jet decay rate was varied through use of cylindrical centerbodies with flat or hemispherical tips submerged in the jet nozzle at various depths below the jet exit plane. Quicker jet dynamic pressure decay, caused by the presence of a centerbody, resulted in reductions in the jet induced lift loss by as much as 45 percent relative to values for jets with no centerbody. These reductions in lift loss were observed at the larger values of crossflow velocity.
Helicopters and VTOL. I
Performance projections into the next half-century of VTOL aircraft design are presently made on the basis of recent design trends. Attention is given to the technology-development and commercial prospects for tilt-rotor, thrust-vectoring hover, lighter-than-air, and speculative electromagnetic-propulsion, remotely-beamed power systems. Highly automated air traffic control systems are envisioned which will incorporate AI, satellite positioning, synthetic vision, obstacle detection/avoidance and fiber-optic transmission to safely manage giant airborne mass-transit commuter systems. It is expected that tilt-rotor aircraft will become the dominant VTOL configuration as time passes.
Navigation/Traffic Control System for VTOL and STOL aircraft /NAVTRACS/ Interim report
Outline of navigation and control system for STOL and VTOL aircrafts
Characteristics of two large-scale jet-lift propulsion systems
Performance characteristics and hot exhaust gas ingestion problems for turbojet powered VTOL AIRCRAFT
Large-scale wind-tunnel tests of an airplane model with an unswept tilt wing of aspect ratio of 5.5, and with various stall control devices
Wind-tunnel stability tests of tilt-wing vtol aircraft
A piloted motion simulator investigation of vtol height-control requirements
Moving cockpit piloted simulator test of vtol aircraft altitude control requirements during hover
Small V/STOL aircraft analysis, volume 1
A study has been made of the economic viability of advanced V/STOL aircraft concepts in performing general aviation missions. A survey of general aviation aircraft users, operators, and manufacturers indicated that personnel transport missions formulated around business executive needs, commuter air service, and offshore oil supply are the leading potential areas of application using VTOL aircraft. Advanced VTOL concepts potentially available in the late 1970 time period were evaluated as alternatives to privately owned contemporary aircraft and commercial airline service in satisfying these personnel transport needs. Economic analysis incorporating the traveler's value of time as the principle figure of merit were used to identify the relative merits of alternative VTOL air transportation concepts.
AERODYNAMICS OF A FAN-IN-FUSELAGE MODEL
Wind tunnel test of fan-in-fuselage model of vtol aircraft
ATTITUDE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR HOVERING DETERMINED THROUGH THE USE OF A PILOTED SIMULATOR
Attitude control requirements for hovering vtol aircraft utilizing ames piloted simulator
THE USE OF PILOTED SIMULATORS IN THE STUDY OF VTOL FLIGHT
Control problems in vtol aircraft flight and piloted simulator use
The effects of aeroelastic deformation on the unaugmented stopped-rotor dynamics of an X-Wing aircraft
A new design concept in the development of VTOL aircraft with high forward flight speed capability is that of the X-Wing, a stiff, bearingless helicopter rotor system which can be stopped in flight and the blades used as two forward-swept and two aft-swept wings. Because of the usual configuration in the fixed-wing mode, there is a high potential for aeroelastic divergence or flutter and coupling of blade vibration modes with rigid-body modes. An aeroelastic stability analysis of an X-Wing configuration aircraft was undertaken to determine if these problems could exist. This paper reports on the results of dynamic stability analyses in the lateral and longitudinal directions including the vehicle rigid-body and flexible modes. A static aeroelastic analysis using the normal vibration mode equations of motion was performed to determine the cause of a loss of longitudinal static margin with increasing airspeed. This loss of static margin was found to be due to aeroelastic washin of the forward-swept blades and washout of the aft-swept blades moving the aircraft aerodynamic center forward of the center of gravity. This phenomenon is likely to be generic to X-Wing aircraft.
The effect of engine component noise on V/STOL aircraft noise contours
An analytical study of fly-over noise using noise contours to show the effects of varying airplane and path parameters. The method of approach was to synthesize engine component noise spectra and exercise these components along given flight paths to measure the individual and total fly-over effect as a function of noise footprint area. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 utilized a research type aircraft and Phase 2 used an advanced VTOL aircraft. The effect of cross flow was considered for both inlet and exhaust sections of the engine.
Analyses and tests confirm design of proprotor aircraft.
Discussion of the design features of a 300-knot tilt-proprotor VTOL aircraft having proprotors 25 ft in diameter, an empty weight of 7390 pounds, a maximum VTOL gross weight of 12,400 pounds, and a design dive speed of 300 knots. Proprotor stability analysis covering aeroelastic stability characteristics and flight mode stability characteristics is included. An evaluation of the proprotor design is made on the basis of aerodynamic and aeroelastic model tests and full-scale performance tests. The test results and other obtained research data suggest the readiness of this aircraft design for construction and flight tests.
XV-15 tilt rotor test - Progress report
In a continuing effort to expand the versatility of their aircraft, VTOL designers have for many years tried to combine the desirable features of various concepts into a single aircraft. This is a formidable task and most efforts have met with limited success. This paper explores the need for an aircraft combining the efficient VTOL capability of a helicopter with the efficient high speed characteristics of a fixed wing turboprop. The ability of the tilt rotor concept to fill this requirement and examples as to its potential usefulness in both military and civil missions is discussed. The history of the concept and the status of the current Army/NASA/Bell XV-15 program and its role in proving the viability of the concept are reviewed.