Metal Construction Development. Part III : Strip Metal Construction - Wing Ribs
Strip metal construction of wing spars are presented as well as workshop practices.
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Strip metal construction of wing spars are presented as well as workshop practices.
An analysis procedure is given and cases analyzed for the effects of wing geometry on lateral transport of a variety of agricultural particles released in the wake of an agricultural airplane. The cases analyzed simulate the release of particles from a fuselage centerline-mounted dry material spreader; however, the procedure applies to particles released anywhere along the wing span. Consideration is given to the effects of taper ratio, aspect ratio, wing loading, and deflected flaps. It is noted that significant lateral transport of large particles can be achieved using high-lift devices positioned to create a strong vortex near the location of particle release.
As part of the continuing process of evaluating and validating the XTRAN3S unsteady transonic aerodynamic computer program, the code has been applied to the flutter analysis of a transport type wing. The configuration analyzed was an aspect ratio 8 wing with a taper ratio of 0.4, a quarter chord sweep of 20 degrees and a NACA 65A-012 airfoil section. The analytical results compare well with the experimental flutter boundary and exhibit the classical 'transonic dip'. A literature search of available transport wing transonic flutter data is included.
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The remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) GoldRush was designed to complete the mission of transporting passengers in AeroWorld at a lower cost per seat per thousand feet (CPSPK) than the competition, the HB-40. There were two major factors which were constant considerations in the design process. The cost of manufacturing was the most important. In light of this, the designs were kept as simple as possible while considering trade-offs in performance. For example, the wing was not tapered so that several ribs could be cut at one time. Also of major importance was the takeoff distance. In order to serve all the cities in AeroWorld it was necessary to maintain a takeoff distance requirement of 24 feet. The takeoff distance proved to be the number one force in driving the design process. The Astro 25 engine and 13 inch propellor, a large wing area, and the high lift Wortmann airfoil were all chosen in order to satisfy this objective.
Pressure distributions on a 1- by 3-meter semispan wing with a tip that is streamwise at 0 deg sweep are presented. The tip becomes nonstreamwise as the wing is swept. At 0 deg sweep angle, the semispan wing has a taper ratio of 1.0 and NACA 0012 airfoil section contours. The test was conducted in the Langley V/STOL tunnel at a freestream dynamic pressure of 2.46 kPa. Pressure distributions are presented for sweep angles of 10, 20, 30, and 40 with an angle of attack range from -6 deg to 20 deg. The data are presented without analysis or discussion.
Average pressure and skin friction on slender two- dimensional wings in hypersonic flow, taking into account displacement effects of boundary layer
The mixed elliptic-hyperbolic relaxation method for obtaining steady-state solutions to two-dimensional transonic potential equations is extended to the transonic small disturbance equation in three dimensions. In particular, transonic flow is considered both about nonlifting wing-cylinder combinations and over thin lifting wings with sweep and taper. The treatment is restricted to freestream Mach numbers less than one and to wings with subsonic trailing edges.
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Some experimental flutter results are presented over a Mach number range from about 0.70 to 0.95 for a simple, swept, tapered, flat-plate wing model having a planform representative of subsonic transport airplanes and for the same wing model equipped with two different upper surface winglets. Both winglets had the same planform and area (about 2 percent of the basic-wing area); however, one weighed about 0.3 percent of the basic-wing weight, and the other weighed about 1.8 percent of the wing weight. The addition of the lighter winglet reduced the wing-flutter dynamic pressure by about 3 percent; the heavier winglet reduced the wing-flutter dynamic pressure by about 12 percent. The experimental flutter results are compared at a Mach number of 0.80 with analytical flutter results obtained by using doublet-lattice and lifting-surface (kernel-function) unsteady aerodynamic theories.
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