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At least 181 records · Page 10

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NASA GeneLab Platform Utilized for Biological Response to Space Radiation in Animal Models

Ionizing radiation from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) is one of the major risk factors that will impact the health of astronauts on extended missions outside the protective effects of Earth’s magnetic field. The NASA GeneLab project has detailed information on radiation exposure using animal models with curated dosimetry information for spaceflight experiments. We analyzed multiple GeneLab omics datasets associated with both ground-based and spaceflight radiation studies that included in vivo and in vitro approaches. A range of ions from protons to iron particles with doses from 0.1 Gy to 1.0 Gy for ground studies and samples flown in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with total doses of 1.0 mGy to 30 mGy were utilized From this analysis we were able to identify distinct biological signatures associating specific ions with specific biological responses due to radiation exposure in space. For example, we discovered changes in mitochondrial function, ribosomal assembly, and immune pathways as a function of dose. We provided a summary of how the GeneLab’s rich database of omics experiments with animal models can be used to generate novel hypotheses to better understand human health risks from GCR exposures.

Afshin Beheshti↗

NASA NTRS2020

MAGIK Animation of Robotic Operations for Flight SpaceX-22 to ISS

The MAGIK Robotic analysis team provides kinematic feasibility assessments for the ISS and has produced an animation to evaluate Extravehicular Robotics (EVR) activities for the SpaceX (SpX)-22 flight. The animation also displays the current ISS configuration at the time of the flight. Flight SpX-22 includes a SpaceX Cargo Dragon vehicle docked to Node 2 Zenith (N2Z) International Docking Adapter (IDA) and consists of the delivery of the ISS Power Augmentation (IPA) Carrier. Robotic operations shown include the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) Trunk extraction of the IPA Carrier and maneuvering to the install position on the Payload ORU (Orbital Replacement Unit) Accommodation (POA). There is no disposal payload for this flight.

Alexander Radford Fryer↗

NASA NTRS2022

SpaceX-26 Animation - Operations from MAGIK AI-4177: SpX-26 (Launch-6)

The MAGIK Robotic analysis team provides kinematic feasibility assessments for the ISS and has produced an animation to evaluate Extravehicular Robotics (EVR) activities for the SpaceX (SpX)-26 flight. The animation also displays the current ISS configuration at the time of the flight. Flight SpX-26 includes a SpaceX Cargo Dragon vehicle docked to Node 2 Zenith (N2Z) International Docking Adapter (IDA) and consists of the delivery of the ISS Roll Out Solar Array (IROSA) mounted to an ISS Power Augmentation (IPA) Carrier. Robotic operations shown include the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) Trunk extraction of the IPA Carrier and maneuvering to the install position on the Payload ORU (Orbital Replacement Unit) Accommodation (POA). There is no disposal payload for this flight.

ISS↗

NASA NTRS2023

Magik Animation of Robotic Operations for Flight SpaceX-29 to ISS

The MAGIK Robotic analysis team provides kinematic feasibility assessments for the ISS and has produced an animation to evaluate Extravehicular Robotics (EVR) activities for the SpaceX (SpX)-29 flight. The animation also displays the current ISS configuration at the time of the flight. Flight SpX-29 includes a SpaceX Cargo Dragon vehicle docked to Node 2 Forward (N2F) International Docking Adapter (IDA) and consists of the delivery of AWE (Atmospheric Waves Experiment) and Integrated LCRD LEO User Modem Amplifier optical communications Terminal (ILLUMA-T). Robotic operations shown include the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) Trunk extraction of ILLUMA-T and maneuvering to the JEM RMS Handoff position, the SPDM Trunk extraction of AWE, maneuvering to Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) 1 Site 3 to remove Space Test Program - Houston 5 (STP-H5), and the installation of AWE to ELC-1 Site 3. There is no disposal payload for this flight.

EVR↗

NASA NTRS2024

MAGIK Animation of Robotic Operations for Flight SpaceX-30 to ISS

The MAGIK Robotic analysis team provides kinematic feasibility assessments for the ISS and has produced an animation to evaluate Extravehicular Robotics (EVR) activities for the SpaceX (SpX)-30 flight. Shown EVR activities are preliminary and final operations will be developed by Flight Operations Directorate (FOD) Robotics (ROBO). The animation also displays the current ISS configuration at the time of the flight. Flight SpX-30 includes a SpaceX Cargo Dragon vehicle docked to Node 2 Zenith (N2Z) International Docking Adapter (IDA) and consists of the delivery of the Pump Module (PM) Integrated Assembly (IA). Robotic operations shown include the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM) based on the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) for Trunk extraction of the PM IA, maneuvering to the External Stowage Platform 3 (ESP-3), temporary removal of the Control Moment Gyro (CMG) from ESP-3 Site 4, install of the PM IA at ESP-3 Site 3 and re-install of the CMG to ESP-3 Site4. There is no disposal payload for this flight.

ISS↗

NASA NTRS2003

Mortality of atomic bomb survivors predicted from laboratory animals

Exposure, pathology and mortality data for mice, dogs and humans were examined to determine whether accurate interspecies predictions of radiation-induced mortality could be achieved. The analyses revealed that (1) days of life lost per unit dose can be estimated for a species even without information on radiation effects in that species, and (2) accurate predictions of age-specific radiation-induced mortality in beagles and the atomic bomb survivors can be obtained from a dose-response model for comparably exposed mice. These findings illustrate the value of comparative mortality analyses and the relevance of animal data to the study of human health effects.

NASA Discipline Radiation Health↗

NASA NTRS2002

Pulmonary venous flow determinants of left atrial pressure under different loading conditions in a chronic animal model with mitral regurgitation

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to quantitatively compare the changes and correlations between pulmonary venous flow variables and mean left atrial pressure (mLAP) under different loading conditions in animals with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) and without MR. METHODS: A total of 85 hemodynamic conditions were studied in 22 sheep, 12 without MR as control (NO-MR group) and 10 with MR (MR group). We obtained pulmonary venous flow systolic velocity (Sv) and diastolic velocity (Dv), Sv and Dv time integrals, their ratios (Sv/Dv and Sv/Dv time integral), mLAP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and MR stroke volume. We also measured left atrial a, x, v, and y pressures and calculated the difference between v and y pressures. RESULTS: Average MR stroke volume was 10.6 +/- 4.3 mL/beat. There were good correlations between Sv (r = -0.64 and r = -0.59, P <.01), Sv/Dv (r = -0.62 and r = -0.74, P <.01), and mLAP in the MR and NO-MR groups, respectively. Correlations were also observed between Dv time integral (r = 0.61 and r = 0.57, P <.01) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the MR and NO-MR groups. In velocity variables, Sv (r = -0.79, P <.001) was the best predictor of mLAP in both groups. The sensitivity and specificity of Sv = 0 in predicting mLAP 15 mm Hg or greater were 86% and 85%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary venous flow variables correlated well with mLAP under altered loading conditions in the MR and NO-MR groups. They may be applied clinically as substitutes for invasively acquired indexes of mLAP to assess left atrial and left ventricular functional status.

Pulmonary Veins/physiopathology↗

NASA NTRS2003

Interaction between Japanese flowering cherry trees and some wild animals observed during physiological experiment in fields

We have studied the weeping habit of Japanese flowering cherry tree in the field of Tama Forest Science Garden, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute at the foot of Mt. Takao. Since cherry trees at various age were the materials for our plant physiology experiments, our studies were conducted in the fields where we experienced certain difficulties. Even under such difficult environment that was rather unexpected and uncontrollable, we could obtain fruitful results on the growth of cherry tree, and found them scientifically significant, especially in terms of biological effects of gravity on earth. Moreover, a lot of interesting interactions of cherry trees with various kinds of animals were observed in parallel to the plant physiology.

Gibberellins/pharmacology↗

NASA NTRS1995

[Quantification and monitoring of vascular resistance in the lower limbs by the Doppler method (animal model)]

The object of this study was to define and validate a non-invasive method of evaluation and monitoring of vascular resistances in the leg. Blood flow velocity was measured by Doppler ultrasound in an animal model (ewe) with similar blood flow characteristics in the lower limb as man and allowing access to the required invasive measurements for validation of the method (pressure and flow). Vascular resistances distal to the measuring point (femoral, for example) were assessed using the resistance index R = D/S, S being the peak systolic deflection and D that of diastolic reflux of the Doppler spectral analysis of flow in the femoral artery. The values and variations of this resistance index were compared with the vascular resistances calculated from measurements of pressure and flow at the point of Doppler sampling and expressed in mmHg/ml/min. Femoral flow was measured by Doppler ultrasound (Doppler-echo), and mean pressure by an arterial catheter introduced into the abdominal aorta. Compression of the lower limb veins induced a venous return resulting in a reduction of cardiac output and femoral flow. During compression, femoral flow decreased by an average of 29% (p < 0.001) although mean pressure and heart rate did not change significantly. The femoral resistance index (Rf) increased by an average of 37.5% (p < 0.01) and vascular resistances increased by 45.9% (p < 0.01). Injection of 1 mg adrenaline induced peripheral vasoconstriction with an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate and femoral flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).

Non-NASA Center↗

NASA NTRS1992

System identification of perilymphatic fistula in an animal model

An acute animal model has been developed in the chinchilla for the study of perilymphatic fistulas. Micropunctures were made in three sites to simulate bony, round window, and oval window fistulas. The eye movements in response to pressure applied to the external auditory canal were recorded after micropuncture induction and in preoperative controls. The main pressure stimulus was a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) that rapidly changed between plus and minus 200 mm of water. The PRBS stimulus, with its wide frequency bandwidth, produced responses clearly above the preoperative baseline in 78 percent of the runs. The response was better between 0.5 and 3.3 Hz than it was below 0.5 Hz. The direction of horizontal eye movement was toward the side of the fistula with positive pressure applied in 92 percent of the runs. Vertical eye movements were also observed. The ratio of vertical eye displacement to horizontal eye displacement depended upon the site of the micropuncture induction. Thus, such a ratio measurement may be clinically useful in the noninvasive localization of perilymphatic fistulas in humans.

Non-NASA Center↗

NASA NTRS1962