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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Assessing and advancing the potential of quantum computing: A NASA case study

Quantum computing is one of the most enticing computational paradigms with the potential to revolutionize diverse areas of future-generation computational systems. While quantum computing hardware has advanced rapidly, from tiny laboratory experiments to quantum chips that can outperform even the largest supercomputers on specialized computational tasks, these noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) processors are still too small and non-robust to be directly useful for any real-world applications. In this paper, we describe NASA’s work in assessing and advancing the potential of quantum computing. We discuss advances in algorithms, both near- and longer-term, and the results of our explorations on current hardware as well as with simulations, including illustrating the benefits of algorithm-hardware co-design in the NISQ era. This work also includes physics-inspired classical algorithms that can be used at application scale today. We discuss innovative tools supporting the assessment and advancement of quantum computing and describe improved methods for simulating quantum systems of various types on high-performance computing systems that incorporate realistic error models. We provide an overview of recent methods for benchmarking, evaluating, and characterizing quantum hardware for error mitigation, as well as insights into fundamental quantum physics that can be harnessed for computational purposes.

Rieffel, Eleanor G.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Temporal data system

A method for processing data is provided. Data is identified by a computer system. The data is processed in parallel by the computer system using temporal transformations to form pieces of temporal data. The pieces of temporal data are placed by the computer system in an order as the pieces of temporal data are generated by the temporal transformations to form a sequence of temporal data. The order of the sequence is based on a priority of when the pieces of temporal data should be processed, enabling performing an action.

Naegle, John H.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Challenges in cybersecurity: Lessons from biological defense systems

Defending against novel, repeated, or unpredictable attacks, while avoiding attacks on the ‘self’, are the central problems of both mammalian immune systems and computer systems. Both systems have been studied in great detail, but with little exchange of information across the different disciplines. Here, we present a conceptual framework for structured comparisons across the fields of biological immunity and cybersecurity, by framing the context of defense, considering different (combinations of) defensive strategies, and evaluating defensive performance. Throughout this paper, we pose open questions for further exploration. In this work we hope to spark the interdisciplinary discovery of general principles of optimal defense, which can be understood and applied in biological immunity, cybersecurity, and other defensive realms.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Isolated data processing modules

This disclosure relates to computer systems that isolate data processing modules and methods of operating the same. In one embodiment of a method, a computer system receives a first data processing request for a first data file. The computer system may determine that a first data type of the first data file is supported by an encapsulated data processing module and determine a first communication protocol from a set of communication protocols that can be used to receive the first data file. The computer system can then receive the first data file from the first storage location in accordance with the first communication protocol and the encapsulated data processing module may be executed to convert the first data file in the first data format into second data in a second data format.

Penton, Joshua Michael↗
DOE OSTI2019

Precision Description of Processes at Colliders in the SANC System

A review of the SANC computer system intended for theoretical support of experiments at colliders is presented. The system allows the precision predictions to be obtained semiautomatically for a wide class of particle interaction processes within the Standard Model. In this case, one considers total contributions of one-loop radiative corrections. Basic elements of the computer system are described, and examples of using the system for the high-precision description of certain processes of the Standard Model particle interactions are given. The MCSANC code developed using the Monte Carlo simulation is presented, which is used to calculate cross sections of a number of processes, investigated at the Large Hadron Collider. The prospects of research development in this field for theoretical support at future hadron and lepton colliders are discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Autonomous Radiological Survey Systems for Locating Fired Depleted Uranium Munitions - 19212

An ensemble of autonomous radiological survey platforms that utilize a suite of scintillation detectors that can be used to conduct radiological site characterization, assist with remediation efforts, or conduct site clearance in accordance with the Multi-Agency Radiologic Survey and Site Investigation Manual are described. The overall systems are composed of inorganic scintillators, light detection and ranging, global positioning, inertial guidance, wireless telemetry, and signal processing systems. Two primary designs are discussed: a three-meter wide platform and multiple half-meter-wide systems. The survey systems are used to conduct radiological surveys over large areas autonomously, without human involvement. The three-meter system has been designed to cover large, open areas free of obstacles. Smaller robotic platforms are designed to handle a large range of terrain types and to conduct surveys in areas that are plagued with obstacles, such as bushes and trees. The primary design criteria for these systems were accurate locating of fired depleted uranium (DU) munitions. Several U.S. Army facilities have remnant DU material on active firing ranges where DU rounds have been used in performance evaluations. Many ranges also have unexploded ordinance (UXO) challenges which are problematic for conducting walkover surveys. The combination of having active DU impacted firing ranges with UXO make conducting site characterization surveys very difficult and hazardous. The autonomous surveying systems allow radiological scanning data collection to be scheduled around range activities and reduces human exposure to ionizing radiation and UXO. All of the robotic platforms act independently, and are controlled by a centralized computer system via a wireless telemetry system. The central computer system is responsible for setting up survey units, survey paths, and scheduling which platform is to complete the scheduled survey. Unit selection and scheduling are completed by technicians, and the work is conducted autonomously by these survey platforms. The survey areas and survey paths are transmitted to each platform through the telemetry system. Radiological and positional data are collected by the systems and transmitted back to the central computer system in real-time. Collected data is saved to a database for post-survey analysis or can be analyzed in real-time. Analysis of the radiological data is used to construct radiation intensity and estimated DU concentration maps. Automatically generated reports for each survey unit will provide range managers with: survey coverage data maps, estimated uranium concentration maps, and a detailed list of areas that are above a user defined concentration. This paper describes the components of each of the surveying systems, their capabilities, and limitations. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2016

NVL-C: Static Analysis Techniques for Efficient, Correct Programming of Non-Volatile Main Memory Systems

Computer architecture experts expect that non-volatile memory (NVM) hierarchies will play a more significant role in future systems including mobile, enterprise, and HPC architectures. With this expectation in mind, we present NVL-C: a novel programming system that facilitates the efficient and correct programming of NVM main memory systems. The NVL-C programming abstraction extends C with a small set of intuitive language features that target NVM main memory, and can be combined directly with traditional C memory model features for DRAM. We have designed these new features to enable compiler analyses and run-time checks that can improve performance and guard against a number of subtle programming errors, which, when left uncorrected, can corrupt NVM-stored data. Moreover, to enable recovery of data across application or system failures, these NVL-C features include a flexible directive for specifying NVM transactions. So that our implementation might be extended to other compiler front ends and languages, the majority of our compiler analyses are implemented in an extended version of LLVM's intermediate representation (LLVM IR). We evaluate NVL-C on a number of applications to show its flexibility, performance, and correctness.

Denny, Joel↗
DOE OSTI2023

Systems and methods for screening particle source manufacturing and development test data

A computing system obtains test data for a particle source. The test data was generated by the particle source when the particle source was caused to emit particles. The test data comprises a first set of measurements of a first type and a second set of measurements of a second type. The computing system applies a data agnostic predictive model to the test data. The data agnostic predictive model is generated without a parametric analysis of variables of the first type and variables of the second type. The data agnostic predictive model outputs, based upon the test data, a value that is indicative of whether or not the test data is abnormal. Based upon the value, the computing system outputs an indication that the particle source was operating sub-optimally when emitting the particles.

Multari, Rosalie A.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Flexible and Effective Object Tiering for Heterogeneous Memory Systems

Computing platforms that package multiple types of memory, each with their own performance characteristics, are quickly becoming mainstream. To operate efficiently, heterogeneous memory architectures require new data management solutions that are able to match the needs of each application with an appropriate type of memory. As the primary generators of memory usage, applications create a great deal of information that can be useful for guiding memory management, but the community still lacks tools to collect, organize, and leverage this information effectively. To address this gap, this work introduces a novel software framework that collects and analyzes object-level information to guide memory tiering. The framework includes tools to monitor the capacity and usage of individual data objects, routines that aggregate and convert this information into tier recommendations for the host platform, and mechanisms to enforce these recommendations according to user-selected policies. Moreover, the developed tools and techniques are fully automatic, work on standard Linux systems, and do not require modification or recompilation of existing software. Using this framework, this study evaluates and compares the impact of a variety of design choices for memory tiering, including different policies for prioritizing objects for the fast memory tier as well as the frequency and timing of migration events. In conclusion, the results, collected on a modern Intel platform with conventional DDR4 SDRAM as well as Intel Optane NVRAM, show that guiding data tiering with object-level information can enable significant performance and efficiency benefits compared with standard hardware- and software-directed data-tiering strategies for a diverse set of memory-intensive workloads.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Methods, systems, and computer readable media for protecting and controlling a microgrid with a dynamic boundary

Methods, systems, and computer readable mediums for protecting and controlling a microgrid with a dynamic boundary are disclosed. One method includes detecting a fault in a microgrid that includes a dynamic point-of-common-coupling (PCC), in response to determining that the microgrid is operating in a grid-connected mode, isolating the fault by tripping a microgrid side smart switch and a grid side smart switch that are located immediately adjacent to the fault, initiating the reclosing of the grid side smart switch, and initiating the reclosing for the microgrid side smart switch via resynchronization if the grid side smart switch is successfully reclosed, and in response to determining that the microgrid is operating in an islanded mode, isolating the fault by tripping a microgrid side smart switch that is located immediately adjacent to the fault, and initiating the reclosing of the microgrid side smart switch.

Wang, Fei↗
DOE OSTI2016

Multiple operating system rotation environment moving target defense

Systems and methods for providing a multiple operating system rotation environment ("MORE") moving target defense ("MTD") computing system are described. The MORE-MTD system provides enhanced computer system security through a rotation of multiple operating systems. The MORE-MTD system increases attacker uncertainty, increases the cost of attacking the system, reduces the likelihood of an attacker locating a vulnerability, and reduces the exposure time of any located vulnerability. The MORE-MTD environment is effectuated by rotation of the operating systems at a given interval. The rotating operating systems create a consistently changing attack surface for remote attackers.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach computer code system to model nuclear reactions: YAHFC

A computer program framework, YAHFC, to model low-energy nuclear reactions is presented. The framework allows for reactions with incident particles ranging from protons/neutrons to alphas and is designed to address reactions that ultimately lead to the formation of compound nuclear systems that then decay statistically as outlined in concepts of Hauser and Feshbach. Additionally, instead of a reaction, it is also possible to model the decay of a nuclear system with an initial excitation and population. The code models nuclear decays with a Monte Carlo process that tracks the decay of each state. This allows for an exact representation of the spectra for all emitted particles in each of the final exit channels and the possibility of generating reaction data for simulation purposes. The program is interfaced with the optical model code system FRESCOX to calculate transmission coefficients as well as the effects of coupled channels and other direct excitations via the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA). Modules are included to account for nuclear processes such as width corrections, pre-equilibrium emission, and fission. The program is controlled by a series of input commands and while a set of input parameters exists for each projectile and target, the input commands allow for complete control over each input parameter. Extensive data files are produced and a program is provided that converts YAHFC data files into nuclear data library entries in the generalized nuclear data structure (GNDS).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Systems and methods for rapid processing and storage of data

Systems and methods of building massively parallel computing systems using low power computing complexes in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. A massively parallel computing system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one Solid State Blade configured to communicate via a high performance network fabric. In addition, each Solid State Blade includes a processor configured to communicate with a plurality of low power computing complexes interconnected by a router, and each low power computing complex includes at least one general processing core, an accelerator, an I/O interface, and cache memory and is configured to communicate with non-volatile solid state memory.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Systems and methods for rapid processing and storage of data

Systems and methods of building massively parallel computing systems using low power computing complexes in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. A massively parallel computing system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one Solid State Blade configured to communicate via a high performance network fabric. In addition, each Solid State Blade includes a processor configured to communicate with a plurality of low power computing complexes interconnected by a router, and each low power computing complex includes at least one general processing core, an accelerator, an I/O interface, and cache memory and is configured to communicate with non-volatile solid state memory.

Stalzer, Mark A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Systems and methods for rapid processing and storage of data

Systems and methods of building massively parallel computing systems using low power computing complexes in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. A massively parallel computing system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one Solid State Blade configured to communicate via a high performance network fabric. In addition, each Solid State Blade includes a processor configured to communicate with a plurality of low power computing complexes interconnected by a router, and each low power computing complex includes at least one general processing core, an accelerator, an I/O interface, and cache memory and is configured to communicate with non-volatile solid state memory.

Stalzer, Mark A.↗
DOE OSTI2018

Toward a smart data transfer node

Scientific computing systems are becoming significantly more complex, with distributed teams and complex workflows spanning resources from telescopes and light sources to fast networks and Internet of Things sensor systems. In such settings, no single, centralized administrative team and software stack can coordinate and manage all resources used by a single application. Indeed, we have reached a critical limit in manageability using current human-in-the-loop techniques. We therefore argue that resources must begin to respond automatically, adapting and tuning their behavior in response to observed properties of scientific workflows. Over time, machine learning methods can be used to identify effective strategies for autonomic, goal-driven management behaviors that can be applied end-to-end across the scientific computing landscape. Using the data transfer nodes that are widely deployed in modern research networks as an example, we explore the architecture, methods, and algorithms needed for a smart data transfer node to support future scientific computing systems that self-tune and self-manage.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design-to-Deployment Continuum Platform for Microscopes and Computing Ecosystems

Science ecosystems with networked computing systems and physical instruments are increasingly being deployed with a goal to achieve the productivity promised by AI-supported remote automation. In support of these efforts, the virtual infrastructure twins (VITs) have been successfully utilized to develop the orchestration codes for these ecosystems without requiring physical access to expensive instruments, such as electron microscopes. Currently, the utility of such a VIT is severely limited by the computing capacity and capability of the computing system used as its host. Furthermore, codes developed on the VIT typically need to be transferred and refactored for production use, particularly, on high-performance systems with accelerators. In response, we develop a design-to-deployment continuum platform wherein a VIT runs natively on the ecosystem's own computing system, and thereby facilitates the continual in-situ testing and transition of codes for production use. Here, we describe the development and testing of software for remote microscope steering and GPU-based image reconstruction using this platform on a multi-GPU computing system networked to Nion microscopes. We demonstrate a continual transition of steering and reconstruction codes developed under VIT platform to production ecosystem deployment.

Al-Najjar, Anees [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (O↗