Measurements report - Thermal property measurements of Manned Spacecraft Center spacesuit materials
Solar reflectance measurements on coated polysulfane space suit material
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Atmospheric densities measured by the Explorer 17 density gauges - Analysis of errors and their effects upon the measurements
Atmospheric density measured by Explorer 17 density gauges, and error analysis
Horowitz, R.↗
A comparison of infrared-emittance measurements and measurement techniques.
IR directional and hemispherical emittance of spacecraft thermal control coatings, comparing values determined by various measurement techniques
Millard, J. P.↗
Electron densities measured by the partial reflection method compared with simultaneous rocket measurements
Electron density measurements by partial reflection and rocket techniques during 20 May 1966 solar eclipse, showing agreement below 82 km height
Haug, A.↗
Device for measuring light scattering wherein the measuring beam is successively reflected between a pair of parallel reflectors Patent
Coherent light beam device and method for measuring gas density in vacuum chambers
Barrington, A. E.↗
The automation of stellar proper motion measurement - Method and measurement accuracies
Stellar proper motion measurement by densitometer automatic scanning of star plates pairs, assessing accuracy
Newcomb, J. S.↗
Calibrated VLF phase measurements: Simultaneous remote and local measurements of 10.2kHz carrier phase using cesium standards
An investigation of spatial irregularity of VLF phase due to nearby objects and terrain is discussed. It is shown that the phase is regular to the microsecond accuracy of the instrumentation, and that a grounded steel tower in close proximity to a whip antenna will not affect the phase measurement. However, antennas coupling to trees may cause an anomalous phase shift.
Swanson, E. R.↗
Comparison of ozone measurement techniques using aircraft, balloon, and ground-based measurements
In order to verify the ultraviolet absorption technique used in the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program, two flight experiments were conducted employing several techniques, both in situ and remote, for measuring atmospheric ozone. The first experiment used the NASA CV-990 equipped with an ultraviolet absorption ozone monitor and an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, a balloon ozonesonde, and a Dobson station for determining and comparing the ozone concentration data. A second experiment compared ozone data from an automated sampling system aboard a B-747 with data from a manned system installed on the NASA CV-990 during a cross-country flight with both aircraft following the same flight path separated by 32 kilometers.
Briehl, D.↗
Measurements in the Turbulent Boundary Layer at Constant Pressure in Subsonic and Supersonic Flow. Part 2: Laser-Doppler Velocity Measurements
A description of both the mean and the fluctuating components of the flow, and of the Reynolds stress as observed using a dual forward scattering laser-Doppler velocimeter is presented. A detailed description of the instrument and of the data analysis techniques were included in order to fully document the data. A detailed comparison was made between the laser-Doppler results and those presented in Part 1, and an assessment was made of the ability of the laser-Doppler velocimeter to measure the details of the flows involved.
Dimotakis, P. E.↗
Infrared measurements of stratospheric composition. II - Simultaneous NO and NO2 measurements
A further flight of the balloon-borne pressure-modulated radiometer (PMR) instrument (Chaloner et al., 1978) is described when simultaneous measurements of NO and NO2 concentrations were made through dawn. A detailed description of the retrieval methods used and the precautions taken against interference from signals from the other gases is given. Profiles of NO(x) through dawn are also briefly considered
Drummond, J. R.↗
A measurement of the interplanetary radial gradient of low-energy oxygen nuclei from 1-10 AU and implications of this measurement
Cosmic-ray telescopes on the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft has been used to measure the interplanetary radial gradients of oxygen nuclei between 7.1 and 26.6 MeV/nuc between 1 and 10 AU, in 1972-1976. Between 1 and 5 AU the average gradient for 10.6-26.6-MeV/nuc particles is 25 + or - 5%/AU, while between 5 and 10 AU this gradient is 12 + or - 4%/AU. Conventional cosmic-ray transport theory can be used to determine an average diffusion mean free path from these data. The value of lambda sub r for both energy ranges is deduced to be 0.19 + or - 0.04 AU between 1 and 5 AU and 0.40 + or - 0.13 AU between 5 and 10 AU.
Webber, W. R.↗
Propagation of sound through the Earth's atmosphere. 1: Measurement of sound absorption in the air: 2: Measurement of ground impedance
Parts were fabricated for the acoustic ground impedance meter and the instrument was tested. A rubber hose was used to connect the resonator neck to the chamber in order to suppress vibration from the volume velocity source which caused chatter. An analog to digital converter was successfully hardwired to the computer detection system. The cooling system for the resonant tube was modified to use liquid nitrogen cooling. This produced the required temperature for the tube, but the temperature gradients within each of the four tube sections reached unacceptable levels. Final measurements of the deexcitation of nitrogen by water vapor indicate that the responsible physical process is not the direct vibration-translation energy transfer, but is a vibration-vibration energy transfer.
Meredith, R. W.↗
Satellite and correlative measurements of stratospheric ozone - Comparison of measurements made by SAGE, ECC balloons, chemiluminescent, and optical rocketsondes
The validity of ozone-profile data from the satellite sensor SAGE was tested in a series of correlative experiments conducted at five fixed sites between 6 deg S and 65 deg N during 1979-1980. The intercomparisons included data taken with electrochemical ozone (ECC) balloonsondes and chemiluminescent and optical rocketsondes. The average mean difference for 17 separate comparisons between the SAGE and ECC balloonsonde observations over the altitudes 18-28 km was 9.3 percent with a standard deviation of 2.8 percent. Excluding comparisons separated by greater than 500 km reduces the average mean difference to 8.9 percent and the standard deviation to 2.1 percent. The average mean difference between SAGE and three optical rocketsonde observations over the altitudes 25-50 km was 11 percent, and between SAGE and two chemiluminescent rocketsondes over the altitudes 20-60 km it was 13.5 percent. Considering the differences in vertical resolution, experimental errors, and ozone time and space gradients, the agreement between SAGE-derived ozone profiles and these correlative measurements is considered very good. In addition, isopleths of ozone mixing ratio versus latitude and altitude are in good agreement with previously published results.
Mccormick, M. P.↗
Satellite and correlative measurements of the stratospheric aerosol. III - Comparison of measurements by SAM II, SAGE, dustsondes, filters, impactors and lidar
The SAM II and SAGE satellite sensors, dustsondes, impactors, a filter collector and an airborne lidar were used in a large satellite validation experiment on July 16-19, 1979, at Poker Flat, Alaska. Independent measurements of extinction profiles by SAM II and SAGE are noted to agree with each other and with those derived from the other instruments (within combined uncertainties). The wire impactor-derived results, while also consistent with the others, are coarse due to the relatively large uncertainties in impactor-derived mass, extinction, and number of particles/unit volume whose radius is greater than x microns.
Russell, P. B.↗
Differential reflectivity (Z-DR) measurements of rainfall compared with ground-based disdrometer measurements
The dual-polarization differential-reflectivity (Z-DR) radar technique of Seliga and Bringi (1976) is used to determine rainfall rates and drop sizes over a site located at a distance of 47.1 km, and the results are analyzed using the empirical calibration relations of Seliga et al. (1983) and compared with electromechanical-disdrometer measurements. The data are presented in graphs and found to be well correlated, demonstrating the validity of the Z-DR estimates and the improvement introduced by applying the empirical relations rather than an a priori drop-size distribution.
Direskeneli, H.↗
Statistical prediction of dynamic distortion of inlet flow using minimum dynamic measurement. An application to the Melick statistical method and inlet flow dynamic distortion prediction without RMS measurements
The Melick method of inlet flow dynamic distortion prediction by statistical means is outlined. A hypothetic vortex model is used as the basis for the mathematical formulations. The main variables are identified by matching the theoretical total pressure rms ratio with the measured total pressure rms ratio. Data comparisons, using the HiMAT inlet test data set, indicate satisfactory prediction of the dynamic peak distortion for cases with boundary layer control device vortex generators. A method for the dynamic probe selection was developed. Validity of the probe selection criteria is demonstrated by comparing the reduced-probe predictions with the 40-probe predictions. It is indicated that the the number of dynamic probes can be reduced to as few as two and still retain good accuracy.
Schweikhard, W. G.↗
High accuracy thrust measurement of aeronautical propulsion systems with particular consideration to a hydraulic force measuring device, part 1
Thrust measurement of aircraft and rocket propulsion systems is discussed. The costs as well as the characteristics of mechanical, electrical and hydraulic systems are compared.
Fruboese, Joachim↗
Q branches of the nu7 fundamental of ethane (C2H6) Integrated intensity measurements for atmospheric measurement applications
Laboratory spectra covering the nu7 band of ethane (C2H6) have been recorded, and measurements of integrated intensities of selected Q branches from these spectra are reported. The method by which the spectra were obtained is described, and a typical spectrum covering the PQ3 branch at 2976.8/cm is shown along with a plot of equivalent width vs. optical density for this branch. The values of the integrated intensities reported for each branch are the means of five different optical densities.
Rinsland, C. P.↗