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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

Narcosis studies and oxygen poisoning of mice

The research for a mechanism by which narcotic gases alter metabolism is reported. Possible sites of action by narcotic and anesthetic gases in isolated electron transport particles were explored. Using the relative activities of the NADH-oxygen, NADH-ferricyanide, succinate-cytochrome C and succinate-NAD oxidoreductase systems as parameters, the relative potency of volatile anesthetics were tested. Testing the relative ability of human subjects to contract and repay an oxygen debt while in the narcotic versus alert state, it was found that narcosis induced by 33% nitrous oxide increased the size of the oxygen debt contracted and the amount of oxygen required to repay it during recovery. Mice acclimatized to sea level (760 mm Hg), 5000 feet (632 mm Hg) or 15,000 feet 437 mm Hg) for from one to eight weeks were found to be more susceptible to convulsion and death as a function of altitude acclimatization when tested in hyperoxic environments. There were no reasonable explanations for the connection between hypoxia and oxygen poisoning but several practical implications for persons living at altitude are discussed.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1973

Electron impact excitation and assignment of the low-lying electronic states of N2O

Electron scattering spectra of nitrous oxide are reported in the 5- to 10-eV energy-loss range at scattering angles of 20, 30, 90, and 130 deg at a residual energy of 7.0 eV; and at residual energies of 10.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.6, and 0.2 eV at a scattering angle of 90 deg. Several new distinct and overlapping continua are observed to lie in this energy-loss range. The experimental spectra are discussed in the light of semiempirical INDO calculations of Chutjian and Segal (1972) of the vertical transition energies of N2O. An assignment of the symmetries of the observed excitations consistent with the experimental and theoretical data is suggested.

Hall, R. I.↗
NASA NTRS1973

The remote measurement of trace atmospheric species by correlation interferometry. I - Carbon monoxide and methane

A correlation interferometer has been developed for the measurement of carbon monoxide and methane at 2.35 micrometers in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. This instrument has been tested in laboratory tests, solar-looking outdoor tests, and downward-looking airplane-based tests. The aircraft tests were flown on a Falcon fanjet provided by The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing over both polluted and unpolluted regions of North America. The results of these various tests are discussed. Based on the results obtained for carbon monoxide and methane, a study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of measuring other atmospheric trace species by correlation interferometry. Results of the feasibility study for carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and several hydrocarbons are presented.

Goldstein, H. W.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Molecular absorption parameters in atmospheric modelling

Molecular spectroscopic parameters are compiled for a number of infrared-active molecules occurring naturally in the terrestrial atmosphere. The following molecules are included in this compilation: water vapor; carbon dioxide; ozone; nitrous oxide; carbon monoxide; methane; and oxygen. The spectral region covered extends from less than 1 micron to the far infrared, and data are presented on more than 100,000 spectral lines. The parameters included in the compilation for each line are: frequency, intensity, half-width, energy of the lower state of the transition, vibrational and rotational identifications of the upper and lower energy states, an isotopic identification, and a molecular identification. Using this data compilation, band model parameters are presented for water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone averaged over 20 wavenumber intervals. Using these parameters in a random model formulation, transmittance spectra are provided and compared with both degraded monochromatic calculations and laboratory data.

Mcclatchey, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Atmospheric transmission computer program CP

A computer program is described which allows for calculation of the effects of carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide on earth resources remote sensing techniques. A flow chart of the program and operating instructions are provided. Comparisons are made between the atmospheric transmission obtained from laboratory and spacecraft spectrometer data and that obtained from a computer prediction using a model atmosphere and radiosonde data. Limitations of the model atmosphere are discussed. The computer program listings, input card formats, and sample runs for both radiosonde data and laboratory data are included.

Pitts, D. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Measurement of line intensities of linear molecules under low resolution

Spectral absorption measurements involving pure nitrous oxide were performed with the aid of a commercial grating spectrophotometer. A multiple reflection cell with a path length of 1.25 m was used in the investigation. The tests were conducted at pressures in the range from 5 to 8 atm. The obtained data were used to determine the apparent spectral absorption coefficients. Questions regarding the validity of a line approximation relation are discussed.

Varanasi, P.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of astronomical and laboratory sources at 8.5 microns

It is pointed out that the first successful infrared heterodyne spectrometer featuring semituneable semiconductor diode lasers was constructed and used near 8.5 micrometers to make laboratory measurements of line profiles in nitrous oxide and to detect thermal emission from Mars and from the moon. Questions of instrument design are discussed along with the significance of the results obtained in the investigation.

Mumma, M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Concentrations of CH4, CO, CO2, H2, H2O and N2O in the upper stratosphere

On 23 May 1973 a cryogenic air sampler was flown on an Aerobee rocket from White Sands Missile Range. A large air sample was collected between 40 and 50 km altitude and successfully recovered for water vapor and trace gas analysis. The results were as follows: water vapor, 4.0 (+1.3 or - 0.9) ppmV; methane, 0.37 + or - 0.01 ppmV; molecular hydrogen, 0.47 + or - 0.02 ppmV; carbon monoxide, 0.05 + or - 0.01 ppmV; carbon dioxide, 316.2 + or - 2.8 ppmV; and nitrous oxide, 3 + or - 7 ppb.

Ehhalt, D. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

NO sub X Deposited in the Stratosphere by the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motors

The possible effects of the interaction of the plumes from the two solid rocket motors (SRM) from the space shuttles and mixing of the rocket exhaust products and ambient air in the base recirculation region on the total nitrous oxide deposition rate in the stratosphere were investigated. It was shown that these phenomena will not influence the total NOx deposition rate. It was also shown that uncertainties in the particle size of Al2O3, size distributions and particle/gas drag and heat transfer coefficients will not have a significant effect on the predicted NOx deposition rate. The final results show that the total mass flow of NOx leaving the plume at 30 km altitude is 4000 g./sec with a possible error factor of 3. For a vehicle velocity of 1140 meter/sec this yields an NOx deposition rate of about 3.5 g./meter. The corresponding HCl deposition rate at this altitude is about a factor of 500 greater than this value.

Pergament, H. S.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Atmospheric transmission of CO2 laser radiation with application to laser Doppler systems

The molecular absorption coefficients of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrous oxide are calculated at the P16, P18, P20, P22, and P24 lines of the CO2 laser for temperatures from 200 to 300 K and for pressures from 100 to 1100 mb. The temperature variation of the continuum absorption coefficient of water vapor is taken into account semi-empirically from Burch's data. The total absorption coefficient from the present calculations falls within + or - 20 percent of the results of McClatchey and Selby. The transmission loss which the CO2 pulsed laser Doppler system experiences was calculated for flight test conditions for the five P-lines. The total transmission loss is approximately 7 percent higher at the P16 line and 10 percent lower at the P24 line compared to the P20 line. Comparison of the CO2 laser with HF and DF laser transmission reveals the P2(8) line at 3.8 micrometers of the DF laser is much better from the transmission point of view for altitudes below 10 km.

Murty, S. S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Stratospheric ozone - The possible effects of tropospheric-stratospheric feedback

The existence of tropospheric-stratospheric feedback mechanisms affecting variations in stratospheric ozone indicates the need to model the complete tropospheric-stratospheric system. For instance, a decrease in stratospheric ozone results in increased photolytic destruction of nitrous oxide in the troposphere and thereby reduced production of nitric oxide in the stratosphere. Estimates indicate that this mechanism will result in a recovery in atmospheric ozone of about 6 to 13 percent of the initial perturbation.

Chameides, W. L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The NASA Ames Research Center one- and two-dimensional stratospheric models. Part 1: The one-dimensional model

A one-dimensional model of stratospheric trace constituents is described in detail. Specifically, the numerical solution of the species continuity equations, including a technique for treating the stiff differential equations representing the chemical kinetic terms, and an appropriate method for simulating the diurnal variations of the species concentrations, are discussed. A specialized treatment of atmospheric photodissociation rates is outlined in the text. The choice of a vertical eddy diffusivity profile and its success in predicting the vertical tracer distributions (carbon 14, methane, and nitrous oxide) are also discussed.

Turco, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Greenhouse effects due to man-made perturbations of trace gases

Nitrous oxide, methane, ammonia, and a number of other trace constituents of the earth's atmosphere have infrared absorption bands in the spectral range from 7 to 14 microns. Despite their small amounts, these gases can have a significant effect on the thermal structure of the atmosphere by transmitting most of the thermal radiation from the earth's surface to the lower atmosphere. In the present paper, this greenhouse effect is computed for a number of trace gases. The nature and climatic implications of possible changes in the concentrations of N2O, CH4, NH3, and HNO3 are discussed.

Wang, W. C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Non Urban Troposphere Composition Symposium, Hollywood, Fla., November 10-12, 1976, Proceedings

Papers are presented which originate from a conference on 'The Non-Urban Troposphere Composition', held in 1976. Attention is given to distributions of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere, and to tropospheric and stratospheric compositions which are perturbed by NO(x) emissions from high-altitude aircraft. Ozone is studied in terms of in situ measurements; various meteorological analyses of tropopause folding, ozone measurements in the Boston area, and ozone measurements in rural areas are presented. A one-dimensional model used to study tropospheric photochemistry numerically is presented as are vertical profiles of tropospheric and stratospheric molecular hydrogen. The oxidation of ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide is assessed in nonurban tropospheres along with nonurban measurements of ethane and methane for various atmospheric conditions. With reference to the particle size distribution of chloride in the marine aerosol, organic and inorganic chlorine concentrations are evaluated, and measurements of sea-air CO2 flux by eddy correlation are investigated.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

Atmospheric effects on CO2 laser propagation

An investigation was made of the losses encountered in the propagation of CO2 laser radiation through the atmosphere, particularly as it applies to the NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center Pulsed Laser Doppler System. As such it addresses three major areas associated with signal loss: molecular absorption, refractive index changes in a turbulent environment, and aerosol absorption and scattering. In particular, the molecular absorption coefficients of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrous oxide are calculated for various laser lines in the region of 10.6 mu m as a function of various pressures and temperatures. The current status in the physics of low-energy laser propagation through a turbulent atmosphere is presented together with the analysis and evaluation of the associated heterodyne signal power loss. Finally, aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients are calculated for various aerosol distributions and the results incorporated into the signal-to-noise ratio equation for the Marshall Space Flight Center system.

Murty, S. S. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The 1977 intertropical convergence zone experiment

Data are presented from the 1977 Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Experiment conducted in the Panama Canal Zone in July 1977. Measurements were made daily over a 16-day period when the ITCZ moved across the Canal Zone. Two aircraft (Learjet and U-2) flew daily and provided data from horizontal traverses at several altitudes to 21.3 km of ozone, temperature, pressure, water vapor, aerosols, fluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and nitric acid. Balloonsondes flown four times per day provided data on ozone, wind fields, pressure, temperature, and humidities to altitudes near 30 km. Rocketsondes provided daily data to altitudes near 69 km. Satellite photography provided detailed cloud information. Descriptions of individual experiments and detailed compilations of all results are provided.

Poppoff, I. G.↗
NASA NTRS1978

CIMATS - A correlation interferometer for the measurement of atmospheric trace species

A multigas correlation interferometer, based on the previously developed and tested COPE instrument, has been designed and fabricated and is presently undergoing laboratory testing. The CIMATS instrument has the capability to remotely measure densities of selected gaseous atmospheric species in the spectral range 2 to 2.5 and 4 to 10 microns. The sensor has been designed for both nadir viewing and earth limb viewing. As presently configured the sensor is capable of measuring ammonia, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide in the nonthermal infrared spectral region and carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide in the thermal infrared. Other gaseous species can be measured by inclusion of additional narrow band filters.

Goldstein, H. W.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Start up system for hydrogen generator used with an internal combustion engine

A hydrogen generator provides hydrogen rich product gases which are mixed with the fuel being supplied to an internal combustion engine for the purpose of enabling a very lean mixture of that fuel to be used, whereby nitrous oxides emitted by the engine are minimized. The hydrogen generator contains a catalyst which must be heated to a pre-determined temperature before it can react properly. To simplify the process of heating up the catalyst at start-up time, either some of the energy produced by the engine such as engine exhaust gas, or electrical energy produced by the engine, or the engine exhaust gas may be used to heat up air which is then used to heat the catalyst.

Houseman, J.↗