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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

UAS remote sensing (Autel EVO II platform): Red-green-blue (RGB) imagery and derived products (Level 0-2 data), Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2023

Airborne remote sensing data collected using a optical red-green-blue (RGB) sensor installed on an Autel EVO II unoccupied aerial system (UAS). This package includes data from 4 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Council Mile Marker (MM) 71 and Teller MM27 sites on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska USA, in July 2023. This package provides the Level 0 (raw, unprocessed) data collected by the platform and sensors, and Level 1-2 processed products including digital surface models (DSM), photo orthomosaics, canopy height models (CHM) and digital terrain models (DTM). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions provided by the onboard flight and data collection computers are also included. Data and metadata are provided as image (*.jpg, *.tif), point cloud (*.laz), tabular (*.csv) and *.pdf formats. Raw images are compressed as tar.gz. The metadata documents contain flight campaign, platform, sensor, flight and file metadata, along with a description of the data and file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

NGEE Arctic CO2, CH4 and Energy Eddy-Covariance (EC) Flux Tower Auxiliary Measurements, Council Road Mile Marker 71, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2017 - 2019

Measurements began in July 2017 and are made year-round (2017 seasonal only) on the tussock tundra with discontinuous permafrost at the Council Road Site on the Seward Peninsula. CO2, CH4 and energy fluxes using the Eddy Covariance (EC) technique (Baldocchi 2003) and meteorological measurements are reported as 30-minute averages. The tower site is registered with AmeriFlux as US-NGC. See http://ameriflux.lbl.gov/sites/siteinfo/US-NGC for more information. Reported data include: (1) additional/extra meteorological and eddy covariance CO2, CH4 and energy flux data, (2) binned spectra for the three wind components, the sonic temperature and gas densities together with the binned cospectra for covariances of w (vertical wind component) and gas densities, (3) binned ogives (cumulative (co)spectra) for the three wind components, the sonic temperature and gas densities, and (4) tower site footprint matrices. The majority of the files are *.csv with paired visualization footprint files as *.jpg. Meteorological and eddy covariance CO2, CH4 and energy flux data (AmeriFlux BASE data product) are available from AmeriFlux BASE US-NGC NGEE Arctic Council (Torn, 2020) https://doi.org/10.17190/AMF/1634883. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas in the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Targeted assemblies of cas1 suggest CRISPR-Cas’s response to soil warming

Abstract There is an increasing interest in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system to reveal potential virus–host dynamics. The universal and most conserved Cas protein, cas1 is an ideal marker to elucidate CRISPR-Cas ecology. We constructed eight Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and assembled cas1 directly from metagenomes by a targeted-gene assembler, Xander, to improve detection capacity and resolve the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems. The eight HMMs were first validated by recovering all 17 cas1 subtypes from the simulated metagenome generated from 91 prokaryotic genomes across 11 phyla. We challenged the targeted method with 48 metagenomes from a tallgrass prairie in Central Oklahoma recovering 3394 cas1. Among those, 88 were near full length, 5 times more than in de-novo assemblies from the Oklahoma metagenomes. To validate the host assignment by cas1, the targeted-assembled cas1 was mapped to the de-novo assembled contigs. All the phylum assignments of those mapped contigs were assigned independent of CRISPR-Cas genes on the same contigs and consistent with the host taxonomies predicted by the mapped cas1. We then investigated whether 8 years of soil warming altered cas1 prevalence within the communities. A shift in microbial abundances was observed during the year with the biggest temperature differential (mean 4.16 °C above ambient). cas1 prevalence increased and even in the phyla with decreased microbial abundances over the next 3 years, suggesting increasing virus–host interactions in response to soil warming. This targeted method provides an alternative means to effectively mine cas1 from metagenomes and uncover the host communities.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterization of Soil Thermal and Electrical Properties along Multiple Hillslope Transects at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2017

This dataset has been acquired along five-119 m long transects located on the bottom part of the watershed hillslope at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska in July and September 2017. The Distributed Temperature Profiling (DTP) system dataset consist in vertically-resolved profile of soil temperature covering the top 0.8 m of soil with 8 cm interval. In addition to DPT data, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data, soil moisture, depth to rock or thaw layer thickness (no differentiation) and ground elevations data have been acquired along each of the transects. A UAV-based geotiff mosaic of the investigated site is also provided. The four data types provided with this dataset of 37 files (*.csv, *.tif, *.DATA): (1) soil temperature profiles, (2) ERT data, (3) the physical measurements of the thaw layer, and (4) an orthomosaic GeoTIFF of the transect study area.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

UAS remote sensing (Autel EVO II platform): Red-green-blue (RGB) imagery and derived products (Level 0-2 data), Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022

Airborne remote sensing data collected using a optical red-green-blue (RGB) sensor installed on an Autel EVO II unoccupied aerial system (UAS). This package includes data from 15 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Council Mile Marker (MM) 71, Kougarok MM64, and Teller MM27 sites on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska USA, in July 2022. This package provides the Level 0 (raw, unprocessed) data collected by the platform and sensors, and Level 1-2 processed products including digital surface models (DSM), photo orthomosaics, canopy height models (CHM) and digital terrain models (DTM). Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions provided by the onboard flight and data collection computers are also included. Data and metadata are provided as image (*.jpg, *.tif), point cloud (*.laz), tabular (*.csv) and *.pdf formats. Raw images are compressed as tar.gz. The metadata documents contain flight campaign, platform, sensor, flight and file metadata, along with a description of the data and file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer and Implications for Radiation Treatment Decisions

Tumor biomarkers are used routinely in oncology to assign risk categorization, screen and assist in diagnosis of malignancy, allow for prognostication and prediction of outcomes and treatment response, and allow for monitoring of patients after treatment completion. Although tissue-based biomarkers have a long history of use, the emergence of liquid-based biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), may soon revolutionize the management of patients with cancer. Here, we review the discovery of CTCs and their role as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, with an emphasis on breast cancer. We discuss the platforms for CTC enumeration and focus on studies using the only US Food and Drug Administration–approved platform for CTC enumeration (CellSearch). In addition, we examine the role of CTCs in women with metastatic, inflammatory, and nonmetastatic breast cancer, as well as the clinical evidence for their use as a surrogate for radiation treatment response as well as surveillance after treatment. Finally, we conclude by investigating ongoing clinical studies assessing CTCs as radiation response predictors and discuss unanswered questions.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2023

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density, and SWE Measurements at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) from March 28 to April 1, 2022. This dataset contains three *.csv data files of spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), and temperature at the snow surface and at the bottom of the snowpack. Data were collected toward the end of the winter season from late March to early April, when the snowpack would be near its maximum. A Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe (http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html) was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. A user guide included as a *.pdf. This dataset is a continuation of the previous end-of-winter snow surveys conducted at the Teller Road Site in 2016-2018 (Wilson et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.5440/1592103) and 2019 (Bennett et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.5440/1798170). The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Genomic region associated with run timing has similar haplotypes and phenotypic effects across three lineages of Chinook salmon

Abstract Conserving life‐history variation is a stated goal of many management programs, but the most effective means by which to accomplish this are often far from clear. Early‐ and late‐migrating forms of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) face unequal pressure from natural and anthropogenic forces that may alter the impacts of genetic variation underlying heritable migration timing. Genomic regions of chromosome 28 are known to be strongly associated with migration variation in adult Chinook salmon, but it remains unclear whether there is consistent association among diverse lineages and populations in large basins such as the Columbia River. With high‐throughput genotyping (GT‐seq) and phenotyping methods, we examined the association of genetic variation in 28 markers (spanning GREB1L to ROCK1 of chromosome 28) with individual adult migration timing characteristics gleaned from passive integrated transponder recordings of over 5000 Chinook salmon from the three major phylogeographic lineages that inhabit the Columbia River Basin. Despite the strong genetic differences among them in putatively neutral genomic regions, each of the three lineages exhibited very similar genetic variants in the chromosome 28 region that were significantly associated with adult migration timing phenotypes. This is particularly notable for the interior stream‐type lineage, which exhibits an earlier and more constrained freshwater entry than the other lineages. In both interior stream‐type and interior ocean‐type lineages of Chinook salmon, heterozygotes of the most strongly associated linkage groups had largely intermediate migration timing relative to homozygotes, and results indicate codominance or possibly marginal partial dominance of the allele associated with early migration. Our results lend support to utilization of chromosome 28 variation in tracking and predicting run timing in these lineages of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River.

Willis, Stuart C.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Preshot Report for the NIF Discovery Science DDCyl Campaign: D_Hyd_DDCyl_DRT_DDD/EEE/FFF

The first Discovery Science shot day with the NIF DDCyl campaign demonstrated that Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth during the deceleration phase is scale-invariant for targets that varied in radial dimension and implosion time-scale by a factor of three. Smaller cylindrical implosions at the OMEGA laser facility were compared to the larger cylinders fielded in our first NIF outing. Both sets of targets had an initial m = 20 sinusoidal perturbation machined on the inner surface of an embedded aluminum marker layer, with the amplitude larger by the same factor of three for the NIF-scale targets. We observed growth factors of 14 at late time (t=λ = 7:7 ns, where λ = 1 for OMEGA and λ = 3 for NIF). These used a high density (300 mg/cm³) CH foam core, providing a very long period of deceleration before the rebounding shock hit the incoming spike tips, but the final convergence was only CR≈ 2:25. For our second shot day with this campaign, we are attempting to increase the convergence ratio to CR≥ 5 before reshock, while still measuring instability growth during the convergence/deceleration phase. As discussed in previous reports, the best way to increase convergence before reshock is to lower the density of the central foam. The preshot designs called for the use of a 30 mg/cm³ CH foam, though the as-built foams are closer to 40-42 mg/cm³, which is predicted to result in a final CR≈ 5:1 before reshock. Other than the lower foam density, the target design is identical to those used previously.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Surface and Active Layer Water Chemistry, Teller Road Mile Marker 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2018

This dataset provides the results of spatial surveys of aqueous geochemistry conducted at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Surface water and soil pore water samples were collected from multiple depth within the active layer at designated Intensive Stations 2 through 9 at the Teller Road MM 27 Site (TL_MM27). Reported analytes include dissolved methane and carbon dioxide, dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, major inorganic anions, and major and minor cations. Samples and measurements were collected from 2016-2018. Specifically, samples were collected in September of 2016, August and September of 2017, and August of 2018. Most of the samples were collected from piezometers installed at various depths within the active layer (70 cm max). A few are surface water grab samples. Data are provided in a single comma separated (.xlsx / .csv) file. One supplemental file is also included. It provides the results of a limited set of analyses (dissolved methane and carbon dioxide and Fe(II)) on surface and soil pore water samples collected at Teller (TL_MM27) and Council (CN_MM71) locations in September 2019. The metadata and data are draft with outstanding clarifications and additions to come. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 10-year research effort (2012-2022) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy?s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy?s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhanced Resistance Pines for Improved Renewable Biofuel and Chemical Production (Technical Report)

We completed phenotyping constitutive and inducible oleoresin flow across two seasons, constitutive resin canal number and density and wood terpene content in our ADEPT2 and CCLONES populations. We completed genetic association between 19 oleoresin phenotypes and a total of 523,192 SNP markers from ADEPT2 and 13,883 SNP markers in CCLONES using four mixed linear models. A total of 293 significant SNPs (FDR = 0.20) were identified. We used the MENTOR tool to mine mechanistic connections from a multiplex network constructed from poplar multi-omic data to construct a conceptual model for a subset of these significant SNPs. Our model contains 6 transcriptional regulators in addition to 3 monoterpene synthases. To generate more lines of evidence for these significant SNPs, we completed a time course RNAseq experiment after inducing vascular zone cells to differentiate into new resin canals with a methyl jasmonate treatment, a single nuclei RNAseq that identified differentiating resin canal epithelial cells and are completing analysis for a QTL study in a hybrid pine population. The time course identified 4634 significantly down and 1890 significantly up regulated transcripts after treatment with methyl jasmonate, an inducer of new resin canal formation in the vascular cambial meristem. To analyze this large set of differentially regulated genes, we created a predictive expression network and analyzed it with random walk restart using 6 seed genes coding for transcription factors regulating xylem differentiation in poplar. Of the top ranked 200 transcripts, 119 transcripts were significant differentially expressed supporting these transcripts as potential candidates regulating resin canal formation. Analysis of single nuclei sequencing of shoot tips that contain differentiating resin canals, identified 10 clusters. One cluster was highly enriched in transcripts coding for 9 of the enzymes in the MEP pathway 3 prenyl synthetases, and 3 monoterpene synthases strongly suggesting that this cluster represents resin canal epithelial cells. We are mining the additional transcripts to create a trajectory analysis. In summary, we have identified > 10 novel genes that are strongly supported candidates for further analysis in breeding lines and for genetic engineering over- and under- expressing lines to increase wood terpene content to improve resistance to insect and fungal pathogens while simultaneously increasing terpene supplies for renewable chemicals and biofuels.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

New formation and fate of Isoprene SOA markers revealed by field data-constrained modeling

Particulate 2-methyltetrols (2-MT) and 2-methylglyceric acid (2-MG) are typically used to indicate the abundance of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, their formation and fate are not fully understood. In this study, we showed that particulate 2-MT and 2-MG collected at multiple monitoring sites under a wide range of atmospheric and emission conditions, with concentrations spanning six orders of magnitudes, are well reproduced with an expanded isoprene-SOA scheme implemented into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. The scheme considers their three-phase (gas-aqueous-organic phase) partitioning, formation from acid-driven multiphase reactions, and degradation by OH radicals in the gas and aqueous phases. The model results reveal that a non-aqueous formation pathway or direct biogenic emission is needed to supplement the commonly assumed acid-driven multiphase reaction process to explain the observed 2-MT concentrations. This missing pathway contributes to 20–40% of 2-MT in areas with aerosol pH < 2 and more than 70% under less acidic conditions (pH~2–5), such as those encountered in the western US and China. The typical summertime gas-phase photochemical lifetimes of 2-MT and 2-MG are estimated to be 4–6 and 20–30 h, respectively, and their aqueous lifetimes are approximately 20–40 h. Our simulations show that predicted 2-MT is mainly influenced by its aqueous phase loss to OH, but 2-MG is more sensitive to gas phase OH loss due to the preferential partitioning of the two tracers in the aqueous and gas phases, respectively.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

End-of-Winter Snow Depth, Temperature, Density, and SWE Measurements at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2023

Measurements of end-of-winter snow properties were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) from March 31 to April 3, 2023. This dataset contains one *.pdf user guide and four *.csv data files of spatially distributed values of snow depth, snow water equivalent (SWE), snow temperature, and snow density. Snow temperature and snow density were collected throughout the snowpack at different depths. Data were collected toward the end of the winter season from late March to early April, when the snowpack is typically near its maximum. A Snow-Hydro MagnaProbe (http://www.snowhydro.com/products/column2.html) was used to improve collection efficiency and enhance spatial coverage. This dataset is a continuation of the previous end-of-winter snow surveys conducted at the Teller Road Site in 2016-2018 (Wilson et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.5440/1592103), 2019 (Bennett et al., 2021; https://doi.org/10.5440/1798170), and 2022 (Bennett et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.5440/1887250).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Characterization of Soil and Rock Magnetic Properties along Multiple Hillslope Transects at Teller Road Site, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2018 and 2023

The magnetometer data was collected in multiple directions across the watershed hillslope at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska over multiple years in March 2018 and April 2023. The magnetic data were collected using a Geometrics Inc. G-858 gradiometer and G-857 base station in 2018 and the G-864 gradiometer and G857 base station in 2023. The data was collected (in all instances) by towing the gradiometer behind a snow machine around the watershed with the two sensors in a vertical profile with constant spacing during the continuous survey in that specific year. Magnetic total field measurements were collected by gradiometer and base station, and the data processing was performed in Geometrics MagMap2000 software. The processing steps were limited to removal of data spikes (despiking), reading dropouts, and correction/removal of bad GPS points. All offsets between sensors and GPS are stated within the data files and metadata, alongwith the processed and raw data. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).In this data submission there are two sets of raw magnetic data (.bin and .stn for 2018 and base for 2023; raw rover mag for 2023 is in .csv) inside two .zip files that identify the year the mag data was collected. The data are proprietary format to Geometrics and can be opened and processed with MagMap2000 which can be downloaded for free at Geometrics website. There are also two processed data files *.csv for each year and two metadata files *.csv.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

UAS remote sensing (AltaX platform): Red-green-blue (RGB) imagery, thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, and canopy reflectance (Level 0 data), Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2023

Airborne remote sensing data collected using Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) AltaX platform on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA. This package includes raw (L0) data from 11 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Kougarok mile marker 64 (MM64) and Teller MM 27 sites in July, 2023. The AltaX is a multi-sensor UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) surface “skin” temperature imagery, as well as near-surface surface reflectance at 1 nm intervals in the visible to near-infrared spectral range from ~350 – 1000 nm. This package provides the Level 0 (raw, unprocessed) data collected by the platform and sensors. Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions provided by the onboard flight and data collection computers are also included. Data and metadata are provided as text (*.txt, *.json), binary (*.dat, *.ulg), tabular (*.csv), geospatial (*.kml. *kmz), image (*.jpg, *.png, *.tif) and pdf formats. The metadata documents contain flight campaign, platform, sensor, flight and file metadata, along with a description of the L0 data and the file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

UAS remote sensing (AltaX platform): Red-green-blue (RGB) imagery, thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, and canopy reflectance (Level 0 data), Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2022

Airborne remote sensing data collected using Brookhaven National Laboratory’s (BNL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) AltaX platform on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA. This package includes raw (L0) data from 10 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Kougarok mile marker 64 (MM64) and Teller MM 27 sites in July, 2022. The AltaX is a multi-sensor UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) surface “skin” temperature imagery, as well as near-surface surface reflectance at 1 nm intervals in the visible to near-infrared spectral range from ~350 – 1000 nm. This package provides the Level 0 (raw, unprocessed) data collected by the platform and sensors. Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions provided by the onboard flight and data collection computers are also included. Data and metadata are provided as text (*.txt, *.json), binary (*.dat, *.ulg), tabular (*.csv), geospatial (*.kml. *kmz), image (*.jpg, *.png, *.tif) and pdf formats. The metadata documents contain flight campaign, platform, sensor, flight and file metadata, along with a description of the L0 data and the file naming scheme.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

A machine learning approach for identifying variables associated with risk of developing neutralizing antidrug antibodies to factor VIII

A key unmet need in the management of hemophilia A (HA) is the lack of clinically validated markers that are associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies to Factor VIII (FVIII) (commonly referred to as inhibitors). This study aimed to identify relevant biomarkers for FVIII inhibition using Machine Learning (ML) and Explainable AI (XAI) using the My Life Our Future (MLOF) research repository. The dataset includes biologically relevant variables such as age, race, sex, ethnicity, and the variants in the F8 gene. In addition, we previously carried out Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II (HLA-II) typing on samples obtained from the MLOF repository. Using this information, we derived other patient-specific biologically and genetically important variables. These included identifying the number of foreign FVIII derived peptides, based on the alignment of the endogenous FVIII and infused drug sequences, and the foreign-peptide HLA-II molecule binding affinity calculated using NetMHCIIpan. The data were processed and trained with multiple ML classification models to identify the top performing models. The top performing model was then chosen to apply XAI via SHAP, (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to identify the variables critical for the prediction of FVIII inhibitor development in a hemophilia A patient. Using XAI we provide a robust and ranked identification of variables that could be predictive for developing inhibitors to FVIII drugs in hemophilia A patients. These variables could be validated as biomarkers and used in making clinical decisions and during drug development. The top five variables for predicting inhibitor development based on SHAP values are: (i) the baseline activity of the FVIII protein, (ii) mean affinity of all foreign peptides for HLA DRB 3, 4, & 5 alleles, (iii) mean affinity of all foreign peptides for HLA DRB1 alleles), (iv) the minimum affinity among all foreign peptides for HLA DRB1 alleles, and (v) F8 mutation type.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

UAS remote sensing (Osprey platform): Red-green-blue (RGB) imagery, thermal infrared (TIR) imagery, and canopy reflectance, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2017

Airborne remote sensing data collected using the Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL) heavy-lift unoccupied aerial system (UAS) octocopter platform - the Osprey - operated by the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Technology (TEST) group (https://www.bnl.gov/testgroup). This package includes raw (L0) data from 14 flights flown over the NGEE-Arctic Council Mile Marker 71 (MM71), Kougarok MM64, and Teller MM 27 sites in August, 2017. The Osprey is a multi-sensor UAS platform that simultaneously measures very high spatial resolution optical red/green/blue (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) surface "skin" temperature imagery, as well as near-surface surface reflectance at 1 nm intervals in the visible to near-infrared spectral range from ~350-1000 nm measured at regular intervals along each flight path. This package provides the Level 0 (raw, unprocessed) data collected by the Osprey platform. Ancillary aircraft data, flight mission parameters, and general flight conditions provided by the onboard flight and data collection computers are also included. Data and metadata are provided as text (*.txt, *.json), tabular (*.dat, *.csv, *.waypoint), and image (*.jpg) formats. This metadata documents contain flight campaign, platform, sensor, flight and file metadata, along with a description of the L0 data and the file naming scheme. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗