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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1979

The acquisition, storage, and dissemination of LANDSAT and other LACIE support data

Activities performed at the LACIE physical data library are described. These include the researching, acquisition, indexing, maintenance, distribution, tracking, and control of LACIE operational data and documents. Much of the data available can be incorporated into an Earth resources data base. Elements of the data collection that can support future remote sensing programs include: (1) the LANDSAT full-frame image files; (2) the microfilm file of aerial and space photographic and multispectral maps and charts that encompasses a large portion of the Earth's surface; (3) the map/chart collection that includes various scale maps and charts for a good portion of the U.S. and the LACIE area in foreign countries; (4) computer-compatible tapes of good quality LANDSAT scenes; (5) basic remote sensing data, project data, reference material, and associated publications; (6) visual aids to support presentation on remote sensing projects; and (7) research acquisition and handling procedures for managing data.

Abbotts, L. F.↗
NASA NTRS1972

The Global Rescue Alarm Net (GRAN) experiment

The OMEGA Position Location Experiment (OPLE) was performed in 1967 by the Goddard Space Flight Center in order to demonstrate a position location and data collection system. OMEGA navigation signals were received at a remote site and retransmitted via a synchronous satellite to a ground processing center where data collecting and position determination were performed. Recent technological advances have made it possible to develop an Advanced OPLE System towards a global search and rescue application. This application generated some new problem areas such as the OMEGA lane ambiguity, random access, location accuracy, real-time processing, and size and weight of the Search and Rescue Communications (SARCOM). This experiment demonstrates the feasibility of instantaneous alarm and position location by using a relatively inexpensive, battery operated, three-pound package.

Morakis, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Post senescent grass canopy remote sensing

Analysis of in situ collected spectral reflectance data from a dormant or senescent grass canopy showed a direct relationship existed between spectral reflectance and biomass for the 0.50-0.80 micron spectral region. The data, collected four weeks after the end of the growing season, indicated that post senescent remote sensing of grass canopy biomass is possible and helps to elucidate the spectral contribution of recently dead vegetation in mixed live/dead canopy situations.

Tucker, C. J.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Water survey of Canada: Application for use of ERTS-A for retransmission of water resources data

The author has identified the following significant results. Water resources data including water level, water velocity, precipitation, air temperature, ice condition, DCP battery voltage, and water stage recorder clock operation have been transmitted from remote areas in Canada using the ERTS Data Collection System. The Data Collection Platforms have met all requirements. The suitability of satellite retransmission as a means of obtaining data from remote areas has been demonstrated. The present network of 9 Data Collection Platforms will be expanded to 28 to develop a quasi-operational network.

Halliday, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Extraction of quantitative surface characteristics from AIRSAR data for Death Valley, California

Polarimetric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data were collected for the Geologic Remote Sensing Field Experiment (GRSFE) over Death Valley, California, USA, in Sep. 1989. AIRSAR is a four-look, quad-polarization, three frequency instrument. It collects measurements at C-band (5.66 cm), L-band (23.98 cm), and P-band (68.13 cm), and has a GIFOV of 10 meters and a swath width of 12 kilometers. Because the radar measures at three wavelengths, different scales of surface roughness are measured. Also, dielectric constants can be calculated from the data. The AIRSAR data were calibrated using in-scene trihedral corner reflectors to remove cross-talk; and to calibrate the phase, amplitude, and co-channel gain imbalance. The calibration allows for the extraction of accurate values of rms surface roughness, dielectric constants, sigma(sub 0) backscatter, and polarization information. The radar data sets allow quantitative characterization of small scale surface structure of geologic units, providing information about the physical and chemical processes that control the surface morphology. Combining the quantitative information extracted from the radar data with other remotely sensed data sets allows discrimination, identification and mapping of geologic units that may be difficult to discern using conventional techniques.

Kierein-Young, K. S.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Earth Observations from the International Space Station: Benefits for Humanity

The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique terrestrial remote sensing platform for observation of the Earth's land surface, oceans, and atmosphere. Unlike automated remote-sensing platforms it has a human crew; is equipped with both internal and externally-mounted active and passive remote sensing instruments; and has an inclined, low-Earth orbit that provides variable views and lighting (day and night) over 95 percent of the inhabited surface of the Earth. As such, it provides a useful complement to autonomous, sun-synchronous sensor systems in higher altitude polar orbits. Beginning in May 2012, NASA ISS sensor systems have been available to respond to requests for data through the International Charter, Space and Major Disasters, also known as the "International Disaster Charter" or IDC. Data from digital handheld cameras, multispectral, and hyperspectral imaging systems has been acquired in response to IDC activations and delivered to requesting agencies through the United States Geological Survey. The characteristics of the ISS for Earth observation will be presented, including past, current, and planned NASA, International Partner, and commercial remote sensing systems. The role and capabilities of the ISS for humanitarian benefit, specifically collection of remotely sensed disaster response data, will be discussed.

Stefanov, William L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Current and future use of TOPSAR digital topographic data for volcanological research

In several investigations of volcanoes, high quality digital elevation models (DEM's) are required to study either the geometry of the volcano or to investigate temporal changes in relief due to eruptions. Examples include the analysis of volume changes of a volcanic dome, the prediction of flow paths for pyroclastic flows, and the quantitative investigation of the geometry of valleys carved by volcanic mudflows. Additionally, to provide input data for models of lava flow emplacement, accurate measurements are needed of the thickness of lava flows as a function of distance from the vent and local slope. Visualization of volcano morphology is also aided by the ability to view a DEM from oblique perspectives. Until recently, the generation of these DEM's has required either high resolution stereo air photographs or extensive field surveying using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and other field techniques. Through the use of data collected by the NASA/JPL TOPSAR system, it is now possible to remotely measure the topography of volcanoes using airborne radar interferometry. TOPSAR data can be collected day or night under any weather conditions, thereby avoiding the problems associated with the derivation of DEM's from air photographs that may often contain clouds. Here we describe some of our initial work on volcanoes using TOPSAR data for Mt. Hekla (Iceland) and Vesuvius (Italy). We also outline various TOPSAR topographic studies of volcanoes in the Galapagos and Hawaii that will be conducted in the near future, describe how TOPSAR complements the volcanology investigations to be conducted with orbital radars (SIR-C/X-SAR, JERS-1 and ERS-1), and place these studies into the broader context of NASA's Global Change Program.

Mouginis-Mark, Peter J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Comparison of inversion models using AIRSAR data for Death Valley, California

Polarimetric Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) data were collected for the Geologic Remote Sensing Field Experiment (GRSFE) over Death Valley, California, USA, in September 1989. AIRSAR is a four-look, quid-polarizaiton, three frequency instrument. It collects measurements at C-band (5.66 cm), L-band (23.98 cm), and P-band (68.13 cm), and has a GIFOV of 10 meters and a swath width of 12 kilometers. Because the radar measures at three wavelengths, different scales of surface roughness are measured. Also, dielectric constants can be calculated from the data. The scene used in this study is in Death Valley, California and is located over Trail Canyon alluvial fan, the valley floor, and Artists Drive alluvial fan. The fans are very different in mineralogic makeup, size, and surface roughness. Trail Canyon fan is located on the west side of the valley at the base of the Panamint Range and is a large fan with older areas of desert pavement and younger active channels. The source for the material on southern part of the fan is mostly quartzites and there is an area of carbonate source on the northern part of the fan. Artists Drive fan is located at the base of the Black Mountains on the east side of the valley and is a smaller, young fan with its source mostly from volcanic rocks. The valley floor contains playa and salt deposits that range from smooth to Devil's Golf course type salt pinnacles.

Kierein-Young, Kathryn S.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Water survey of Canada: Application for use of ERTS-A for retransmission of water resources data

The author has identified the following significant results. Water resources data were retransmitted from nine data collection platforms (DCP) located in remote regions of Canada. The DCPs located in the Arctic operated in temperatures lower than -40 C and the DCP antennas have survived wind speeds of greater than 80 kph and snow loads of a depth of one metre. Ice-out indicators were installed at a few DCP sites. The purpose of these indicators was to enable the detection of the movement of ice out of river channel during spring break-up. The suitability of satellite retransmission as a means of obtaining data from remote areas of Canada continues to be demonstrated. A modest expansion of the DCP network is planned.

Halliday, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

Sensor integration for urban applications

An overview of selected recent activities in the area of remote sensing for addressing some of th data collection and analysis efforts for urban areas is presented here.

remote sensing urban analysis↗
NASA NTRS1973

ERTS-1 - Teaching us a new way to see.

The ERTS-1 payload is discussed, giving attention to three television cameras, which view the same area in three different spectral bands. The payload includes also a multispectral scanner subsystem and a data collection system which collects information from some 150 remote, unattended, instrumented ground platforms. Many government agencies use ERTS-1 data as integral parts of their ongoing programs. Through its EROS program, the Interior Department represents the largest single recipient and user agency of data obtained from NASA aircraft and spacecraft designed to gather repetitive information related to a wide variety of earth-science and natural-resources disciplines. Questions of environmental impact are considered together with applications in agriculture, forestry, marine resources, geography, and the survey of water resources.

Mercanti, E. P.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Evaluation of a New Cloud Droplet Activation Parameterization wtih in Situ Data from CRYSTAL-FACE and CSTRIPE

The accuracy of the 2003 prognostic, physically based aerosol activation parameterization of A. Nenes and J. H. Seinfeld (NS) with modification introduced by C. Fountoukis and A. Nenes in 2005 (modified NS) is evaluated against extensive microphysical data sets collected on board the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft for cumuliform and stratiform clouds of marine and continental origin. The cumuliform cloud data were collected during NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE, Key West, Florida, July 2002), while the stratiform cloud data were gathered during Coastal Stratocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiment (CSTRIPE, Monterey, California, July 2003). In situ data sets of aerosol size distribution, chemical composition, and updraft velocities are used as input for the NS parameterization, and the evaluation is carried out by comparing predicted cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) with observations. This is the first known study in which a prognostic cloud droplet activation parameterization has been evaluated against a wide range of observations. On average, predicted droplet concentration in adiabatic regions is within -20% of observations at the base of cumuliform clouds and -30% of observations at different altitudes throughout the stratiform clouds, all within experimental uncertainty. Furthermore, CDNC is well parameterized using either a single mean updraft velocity w or by weighting droplet nucleation rates with a Gaussian probability density function of w. This study suggests that for nonprecipitating warm clouds of variable microphysics, aerosol composition, and size distribution the modified NS parameterization can accurately predict cloud droplet activation and can be successfully implemented for describing the aerosol activation process in global climate models.

Meskhidze, Nicholas↗
NASA NTRS1993

Remote sensing studies of the northeastern portion of the lunar nearside

During the Galileo spacecraft encounter with the Earth-Moon system in December, 1992, a variety of spectral data and imagery were obtained for the eastern limb region as well as much of the lunar nearside. In order to support this encounter, we have been collecting near-infrared spectra and other remote sensing data for that portion of the northeastern nearside (NEM region) for which the highest resolution Galileo data were obtained. Analysis of spectra obtained for highlands units in the NEN region indicates that most surface units are dominated by anorthositic norite. To date, no pure anorthosites have been identified in the region. Several dark-haloed impact craters have exposed mare material from beneath highlands-rich surface units. Hence, ancient mare volcanism occurred in at least a portion of the NEN region. Endogenic dark-haloed craters in the region are the source of localized dark mantle deposits (LDMD) of pyroclastic origin and at least two compositional groups are present. The Galileo spacecraft obtained very high-resolution remote sensing data for the northeastern part of the nearside of the Moon. In order to prepare for and support this encounter, we have collected and analyzed a variety of spectral data for the NEN region. Numerous unanswered questions exist for this region. These include: (1) the composition and stratigraphy of the local highlands crust, (2) the nature and mode of formation of regional light plains, (3) the composition of localized pyroclastic deposits, and (4) the distribution of possible cryptomare in the region. The purpose of this paper is to present the preliminary results of our analyzes of remote sensing data of remote sensing data obtained for the NEN region.

Hawke, B. R.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Distributive, Non-destructive Real-time System and Method for Snowpack Monitoring

A ground-based system that provides quasi real-time measurement and collection of snow-water equivalent (SWE) data in remote settings is provided. The disclosed invention is significantly less expensive and easier to deploy than current methods and less susceptible to terrain and snow bridging effects. Embodiments of the invention include remote data recovery solutions. Compared to current infrastructure using existing SWE technology, the disclosed invention allows more SWE sites to be installed for similar cost and effort, in a greater variety of terrain; thus, enabling data collection at improved spatial resolutions. The invention integrates a novel computational architecture with new sensor technologies. The invention's computational architecture is based on wireless sensor networks, comprised of programmable, low-cost, low-powered nodes capable of sophisticated sensor control and remote data communication. The invention also includes measuring attenuation of electromagnetic radiation, an approach that is immune to snow bridging and significantly reduces sensor footprints.

Frolik, Jeff↗
NASA NTRS1975

Remote sensing of Mississippi River characteristics

A data collection program initiated by the Vicksburg District, to develop a workable knowledge of the principles relating to the transport of water and sediment to gain a better understanding of the Mississippi River characteristics is introduced. Aerial photographs and thermal infrared imagery were collected over two test reaches at low and high water stages. Qualitative interpretation of the data relates to the river characteristics such as flow patterns, relative velocities, sediment concentration distribution, water-depth effects, and effects of man made structures. Ground truth information is correlated with the remotely sensed data.

Ruff, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1971

Environmental statement for Applications Technology Satellite program

The experiments, environmental impact, and applications of data collected by ATS are discussed. Data cover communications, navigation, meteorology, data collection (including data from small unattended remote stations such as buoys, seismology and hydrology monitors, etc.), geodesy, and scientific experiments to define the environment at synchronous orbit, and to monitor emissions from the sun.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1986

A densely spaced array of sea level monitors for the detection of vertical crustal deformation in the Shumagin seismic gap, Alaska

A network of sea level gauges has been installed with about 40 km spacing in the Shumagin Islands in order to detect relative vertical motion, in particular, possible crustal motion precursory to an expected major earthquake. This required the development and deployment of a pressure sensor sea level gauge suitable for installation on remote and harsh coastlines. Data are collected in near-real-time via satellite, both in order to exploit fully any precursors that may be observed and to provide continuous information on the status of the instruments. Using Wiener filtering techniques, it has been determined conservatively that no relative vertical crustal motion greater than 0.1 m between stations has occurred during 1981-1985. This is consistent with independent geodetic leveling and trilateration data, though evidence exists for more rapid deformation during 1978-1980. The sea level data collected so far have an rms noise level of about 0.04 m after processing; this is limited in part by the pressure sensor and associated electronics. Improved prressure gauges with better long-term stability have recently been installed. A short-baseline tiltmeter operating in a tunnel has demonstrated that suitably designed and located land-based tiltmeters have a lower noise level, and hence better precursor detection characteristics than the sea level gauges, at monthly and shorter periods.

Beavan, John↗