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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2001

Testing of Face-milled Spiral Bevel Gears at High-speed and Load

Spiral bevel gears are an important drive system components of rotorcraft (helicopters) currently in use. In this application the spiral bevel gears are required to transmit very high torque at high rotational speed. Available experimental data on the operational characteristics for thermal and structural behavior is relatively small in comparison to that found for parallel axis gears. An ongoing test program has been in place at NASA Glenn Research Center over the last ten years to investigate their operational behavior at operating conditions found in aerospace applications. This paper will summarize the results of the tests conducted on face-milled spiral bevel gears. The data from the pinion member (temperature and stress) were taken at conditions from slow-roll to 14400 rpm and up to 537 kW (720 hp). The results have shown that operating temperature is affected by the location of the lubricating jet with respect to the point it is injected and the operating conditions that are imposed. Also the stress measured from slow-roll to very high rotational speed, at various torque levels, indicated little dynamic affect over the rotational speeds tested.

Handschuh, Robert F.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Testing of Face-Milled Spiral Bevel Gears at High-Speed and Load

Spiral bevel gears are important drive system components of rotorcraft (helicopters) currently in use. In this application the spiral bevel gears are required to transmit very high torque at high rotational speed. Available experimental data on the operational characteristics for thermal and structural behavior is relatively small in comparison to that found for parallel axis gears. An ongoing test program has been in place at NASA Glenn Research Center over the last ten years to investigate their operational behavior at operating conditions found in aerospace applications. This paper will summarize the results of the tests conducted on face-milled spiral bevel gears. The data from the pinion member (temperature and stress) were taken at conditions from slow-roll to 14400 rpm and up to 537 kW (720 hp). The results have shown that operating temperature is affected by the location of the lubricating jet with respect to the point it is injected and the operating conditions that are imposed. Also the stress measured from slow-roll to very high rotational speed, at various torque levels, indicated little dynamic affect over the rotational speeds tested.

Handschuch, Robert F.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Spiral Bevel Gear Damage Detection Using Decision Fusion Analysis

A diagnostic tool for detecting damage to spiral bevel gears was developed. Two different monitoring technologies, oil debris analysis and vibration, were integrated using data fusion into a health monitoring system for detecting surface fatigue pitting damage on gears. This integrated system showed improved detection and decision-making capabilities as compared to using individual monitoring technologies. This diagnostic tool was evaluated by collecting vibration and oil debris data from fatigue tests performed in the NASA Glenn Spiral Bevel Gear Fatigue Rigs. Data was collected during experiments performed in this test rig when pitting damage occurred. Results show that combining the vibration and oil debris measurement technologies improves the detection of pitting damage on spiral bevel gears.

Dempsey, Paula J.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Circumnuclear Environments of the CfA Seyfert Galaxies: Nuclear Spirals and Fueling

We present archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of the nuclear regions of 43 of the 46 Seyfert galaxies found in the volume limited,spectroscopically complete CfA Redshift Survey sample. Using an improved method of image contrast enhancement, we created detailed high-quality " structure maps " that allow us to study the distributions of dust, star clusters, and emission-line gas in the circumnuclear regions (100-1000 pc scales) and in the associated host galaxy. Essentially all of these Seyfert galaxies have circumnuclear dust structures with morphologies ranging from grand-design two-armed spirals to chaotic dusty disks. In most Seyfert galaxies there is a clear physical connection between the nuclear dust spirals on hundreds of parsec scales and large-scale bars and spiral arms in the host galaxies proper. These connections are particularly striking in the interacting and barred galaxies. Such structures are predicted by numerical simulations of gas flows in barred and interacting galaxies and may be related to the fueling of active galactic nuclei by matter inflow from the host galaxy disks. We see no significant differences in the circumnuclear dust morphologies of Seyfert 1s and 2s, and very few Seyfert 2 nuclei are obscured by large-scale dust structures in the host galaxies. If Sevfert 2s are obscured Sevfert Is, then the obscuration must occur on smaller scales than those probed by HST.

Pogge, Richard W.↗
NASA NTRS2005

Gravitropic moss cells default to spiral growth on the clinostat and in microgravity during spaceflight

In addition to shoots and roots, the gravity (g)-vector orients the growth of specialized cells such as the apical cell of dark-grown moss protonemata. Each apical cell of the moss Ceratodon purpureus senses the g-vector and adjusts polar growth accordingly producing entire cultures of upright protonemata (negative gravitropism). The effect of withdrawing a constant gravity stimulus on moss growth was studied on two NASA Space Shuttle (STS) missions as well as during clinostat rotation on earth. Cultures grown in microgravity (spaceflight) on the STS-87 mission exhibited two successive phases of non-random growth and patterning, a radial outgrowth followed by the formation of net clockwise spiral growth. Also, cultures pre-aligned by unilateral light developed clockwise hooks during the subsequent dark period. The second spaceflight experiment flew on STS-107 which disintegrated during its descent on 1 February 2003. However, most of the moss experimental hardware was recovered on the ground, and most cultures, which had been chemically fixed during spaceflight, were retrieved. Almost all intact STS-107 cultures displayed strong spiral growth. Non-random culture growth including clockwise spiral growth was also observed after clinostat rotation. Together these data demonstrate the existence of default non-random growth patterns that develop at a population level in microgravity, a response that must normally be overridden and masked by a constant g-vector on earth.

Non-NASA Center↗
NASA NTRS2007

Analysis and Design of a Double-Divert Spiral Groove Seal

This viewgraph presentation describes the design and analysis of a double spiral groove seal. The contents include: 1) Double Spiral Design Features; 2) Double Spiral Operational Features; 3) Mating Ring/Rotor Assembly; 4) Seal Ring Assembly; 5) Insert Segment Joints; 6) Rotor Assembly Completed Prototype Parts; 7) Seal Assembly Completed Prototype Parts; 8) Finite Element Analysis; 9) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis; 10) Restrictive Orifice Design; 11) Orifice CFD Model; 12) Orifice Results; 13) Restrictive Orifice; 14) Seal Face Coning; 15) Permanent Magnet Analysis; 16) Magnetic Repulsive Force; 17) Magnetic Repulsive Test Results; 18) Spin Testing; and 19) Testing and Validation.

Zheng, Xiaoqing↗
NASA NTRS2007

Evaluation of a Low-Noise Formate Spiral-Bevel Gear Set

Studies to evaluate low-noise Formate spiral-bevel gears were performed. Experimental tests were performed on the OH-58D helicopter main-rotor transmission in the NASA Glenn 500-hp Helicopter Transmission Test Stand. Low-noise Formate spiral-bevel gears were compared to the baseline OH-58D spiral-bevel gear design, a high-strength design, and previously tested low-noise designs (including an original low-noise design and an improved-bearing-contact low-noise design). Noise, vibration, and tooth strain tests were performed. The Formate design showed a decrease in noise and vibration compared to the baseline OH-58D design, and was similar to that of the previously tested improved-bearing contact low-noise design. The pinion tooth stresses for the Formate design significantly decreased in comparison to the baseline OH-58D design. Also similar to that of the improved bearing-contact low-noise design, the maximum stresses of the Formate design shifted toward the heel, compared to the center of the face width for the baseline, high-strength, and previously tested low-noise designs.

Lewicki, David g.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Spiral Orbit Tribometer

The spiral orbit tribometer (SOT) bridges the gap between full-scale life testing and typically unrealistic accelerated life testing of ball-bearing lubricants in conjunction with bearing ball and race materials. The SOT operates under realistic conditions and quickly produces results, thereby providing information that can guide the selection of lubricant, ball, and race materials early in a design process. The SOT is based upon a simplified, retainerless thrust bearing comprising one ball between flat races (see figure). The SOT measures lubricant consumption and degradation rates and friction coefficients in boundary lubricated rolling and pivoting contacts. The ball is pressed between the lower and upper races with a controlled force and the lower plate is rotated. The combination of load and rotation causes the ball to move in a nearly circular orbit that is, more precisely, an opening spiral. The spiral s pitch is directly related to the friction coefficient. At the end of the orbit, the ball contacts the guide plate, restoring the orbit to its original radius. The orbit is repeatable throughout the entire test. A force transducer, mounted in-line with the guide plate, measures the force between the ball and the guide plate, which directly relates to the friction coefficient. The SOT, shown in the figure, can operate in under ultra-high vacuum (10(exp -9) Torr) or in a variety of gases at atmospheric pressure. The load force can be adjusted between 45 and 450 N. By varying the load force and ball diameter, mean Hertzian stresses between 0.5 and 5.0 GPa can be obtained. The ball s orbital speed range is between 1 and 100 rpm.

Pepper, Stephen V.↗
NASA NTRS2007

A Software Development Simulation Model of a Spiral Process

There is a need for simulation models of software development processes other than the waterfall because processes such as spiral development are becoming more and more popular. The use of a spiral process can make the inherently difficult job of cost and schedule estimation even more challenging due to its evolutionary nature, but this allows for a more flexible process that can better meet customers' needs. This paper will present a discrete event simulation model of spiral development that can be used to analyze cost and schedule effects of using such a process in comparison to a waterfall process.

Mizell, Carolyn↗
NASA NTRS2015

Investigation of Spiral and Sweeping Holes

Surface infrared thermography, hotwire anemometry, and thermocouple surveys were performed on two new film cooling hole geometries: spiral/rifled holes and fluidic sweeping holes. The spiral holes attempt to induce large-scale vorticity to the film cooling jet as it exits the hole to prevent the formation of the kidney shaped vortices commonly associated with film cooling jets. The fluidic sweeping hole uses a passive in-hole geometry to induce jet sweeping at frequencies that scale with blowing ratios. The spiral hole performance is compared to that of round holes with and without compound angles. The fluidic hole is of the diffusion class of holes and is therefore compared to a 777 hole and Square holes. A patent-pending spiral hole design showed the highest potential of the non-diffusion type hole configurations. Velocity contours and flow temperature were acquired at discreet cross-sections of the downstream flow field. The passive fluidic sweeping hole shows the most uniform cooling distribution but suffers from low span-averaged effectiveness levels due to enhanced mixing. The data was taken at a Reynolds number of 11,000 based on hole diameter and freestream velocity. Infrared thermography was taken for blowing rations of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 at a density ration of 1.05. The flow inside the fluidic sweeping hole was studied using 3D unsteady RANS.

infrared thermography↗
NASA NTRS2016

Constraining the Movement of the Spiral Features and the Locations of Planetary Bodies Within the AB Aur System

We present a new analysis of multi-epoch, H-band, scattered light images of the AB Aur system. We use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code to simultaneously model the systems spectral energy distribution (SED) and H-band polarized intensity (PI) imagery. We find that a disk-dominated model, as opposed to one that is envelope dominated, can plausibly reproduce AB Aurs SED and near-IR imagery. This is consistent with previous modeling attempts presented in the literature and supports the idea that at least a subset of AB Aurs spirals originate within the disk. In light of this, we also analyzed the movement of spiral structures in multi-epoch H-band total light and PI imagery of the disk. We detect no significant rotation or change in spatial location of the spiral structures in these data, which span a 5.8-year baseline. If such structures are caused by disk planet interactions, the lack of observed rotation constrains the location of the orbit of planetary perturbers to be 47 au.

AB Aur system↗
NASA NTRS2016

Spiral Structure and Differential Dust Size Distribution in the LkH(alpha) 330 Disk

Dust trapping accelerates the coagulation of dust particles, and, thus, it represents an initial step toward the formation of planetesimals. We report H-band (1.6 microns) linear polarimetric observations and 0.87 mm interferometric continuum observations toward a transitional disk around LkH(alpha) 330. As a result, a pair of spiral arms were detected in the H-band emission, and an asymmetric (potentially arm-like) structure was detected in the 0.87 mm continuum emission. We discuss the origin of the spiral arm and the asymmetric structure and suggest that a massive unseen planet is the most plausible explanation. The possibility of dust trapping and grain growth causing the asymmetric structure was also investigated through the opacity index (beta) by plotting the observed spectral energy distribution slope between 0.87 mm from our Submillimeter Array observation and1.3 mm from literature. The results imply that grains are indistinguishable from interstellar medium-like dust in the east side (beta = 2.0 +/- 0.5) but are much smaller in the west side beta = 0.7+0.5 -0.4, indicating differential dust size distribution between the two sides of the disk. Combining the results of near-infrared and submillimeter observations, we conjecture that the spiral arms exist at the upper surface and an asymmetric structure resides in the disk interior. Future observations at centimeter wavelengths and differential polarization imaging in other bands (Y-K) with extreme AO imagers are required to understand how large dust grains form and to further explore the dust distribution in the disk.

polarimetric observations↗
NASA NTRS2018

Toward Cooling Uniformity: Investigation of Spiral, Sweeping Holes, and Unconventional Cooling Paradigms

Surface infrared thermography, hotwire anemometry, and thermocouple surveys were performed on two new film cooling hole geometries: spiral/rifled holes and fluidic sweeping holes. Ways to quantify the efficacy of novel cooling holes that are asymmetric, not uniformly spaced or that show variation from hole to hole are presented. The spiral holes attempt to induce large-scale vorticity to the film cooling jet as it exits the hole to prevent the formation of the kidney shaped vortices commonly associated with film cooling jets. The fluidic sweeping hole uses a passive in-hole geometry to induce jet sweeping at frequencies that scale with blowing ratios. The spiral hole performance is compared to that of round holes with and without compound angles. The fluidic hole is of the diffusion class of holes and is therefore compared to a 777 hole and square holes. A patent-pending spiral hole design showed the highest potential of the nondiffusion type hole configurations. Velocity contours and flow temperature were acquired at discreet cross-sections of the downstream flow field. The passive fluidic sweeping hole shows the most uniform cooling distribution but suffers from low span-averaged effectiveness levels due to enhanced mixing. The data was taken at a Reynolds number of 11,000 based on hole diameter and freestream velocity. Infrared thermography was taken for blowing ratios of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 at a density ratio of 1.05. The flow inside the fluidic sweeping hole was studied using 3D unsteady RANS. A section on ideas for future work is included that addresses issues of quantifying cooling uniformity and provides some ideas for changing the way we think about cooling such as changing the direction of cooling or coupling acoustic devices to cooling holes to regulate frequency.

Shyam, Vikram↗
NASA NTRS2018

The Complex Morphology of the Young Disk MWC 758: Spirals and Dust Clumps around a Large Cavity

We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations at an angular resolution of 0 1 - 0 2 of the disk surrounding the young Herbig Ae star MWC758. The data consist of images of the dust continuum emission recorded at 0.88 millimeter, as well as images of the 13CO and C18O J = 3-2 emission lines. The dust continuum emission is characterized by a large cavity of roughly 40 au in radius which might contain a mildly inner warped disk. The outer disk features two bright emission clumps at radii of ~47 and 82 au that present azimuthal extensions and form a double-ring structure. The comparison with radiative transfer models indicates that these two maxima of emission correspond to local increases in the dust surface density of about a factor 2.5 and 6.5 for the south and north clumps, respectively. The optically thick 13CO peak emission, which traces the temperature, and the dust continuum emission, which probes the disk mid plane, additionally reveal two spirals previously detected in near-IR at the disk surface. The spirals seen in the dust continuum emission present, however, a slight shift of a few au toward larger radii and one of the spirals crosses the south dust clump. Finally, we present different scenarios to explain the complex structure of the disk.

Atacama Large Millimeter Array↗
NASA NTRS2016

Three-Dimensional Generalized Logarithmic Spirals

The family of generalized logarithmic spirals including a control parameter is extended to the three-dimensional case. The in-plane motion is decoupled from the out-of-plane motion in such a way that the integrals of motion found in the planar problem are still preserved in the three-dimensional case. Designing a low-thrust orbit transfer decomposes in two stages: first, orbits are projected on a reference plane and the planar transfer is solved with a generalized logarithmic spiral. Second, the out-of-plane component of the motion is included in order to target the final orbit. The projection of the three-dimensional transfer orbit on the reference plane is a generalized logarithmic spiral. Arbitrary shape-based laws for the 3D motion can be considered. This paper explores a polynomial and a Fourier series shaping method, together with a polynomial steering law. A fictitious low-thrust sample return mission to Ceres is designed to show the versatility of the method.

Roa, Javier↗
NASA NTRS2018

Resolving Faint Structures in the Debris Disk Around TWA 7* Tentative Detections of an Outer Belt, a Spiral Arm, and a Dusty Cloud

Context. Debris disks are the intrinsic by-products of the star and planet formation processes. Most likely due to instrumental limitations and their natural faintness, little is known about debris disks around low mass stars, especially when it comes to spatially resolved observations. Aims. We present new VLT/SPHERE IRDIS dual-polarization imaging (DPI) observations in which we detect the dust ring around the M2 spectral type star TWA 7. Combined with additional angular differential imaging observations we aim at a fine characterization of the debris disk and setting constraints on the presence of low-mass planets. Methods. We modeled the SPHERE DPI observations and constrain the location of the small dust grains, as well as the spectral energy distribution of the debris disk, using the results inferred from the observations, and performed simple N-body simulations. Results. We find that the dust density distribution peaks at ~0.72′′ (25 au), with a very shallow outer power-law slope, and that the disk has an inclination of ~13° with a position angle of ~91° east of north. We also report low signal-to-noise ratio detections of an outer belt at a distance of ~1.5′′ (~52 au) from the star, of a spiral arm in the southern side of the star, and of a possible dusty clump at 0.11′′. These findings seem to persist over timescales of at least a year. Using the intensity images, we do not detect any planets in the close vicinity of the star, but the sensitivity reaches Jovian planet mass upper limits. We find that the SED is best reproduced with an inner disk at ~0.2′′ (~7 au) and another belt at 0.72′′ (25 au). Conclusions. We report the detections of several unexpected features in the disk around TWA 7. A yet undetected 100 Solar Mass planet with a semi-major axis at 20−30 au could possibly explain the outer belt as well as the spiral arm. We conclude that stellar winds are unlikely to be responsible for the spiral arm.

VLT/SPHERE IRDIS↗
DOE OSTI2020

J-integral measured from experimental torque load versus torque-ends rotation angle obtained from a spiral notch torsion test

In this work, Spiral Notch Torsion Test (SNTT) was developed to measure the intrinsic fracture toughness of structural materials using small specimens. The SNTT system operates by applying pure torsion to cylindrical specimens with a notch line that spirals around the specimen at a 45° pitch. 3-D finite-element analysis has been used to estimate the fracture toughness obtained from SNTT test specimen with 3-D non-coplanar crack front. Furthermore, here a newly developed SNTT protocol to estimate J-integral directly from the experimental torque load versus torque-ends rotation angle trend curve without the aid of 3-D finite element analyses is presented and its applicability is illustrated by applying it for the evaluation of fracture toughness of SS304/308 weldment. The estimated JQ’ for the SS304/308 weld is 144.2 kJ/m2, which is consistent with that obtained from CT specimen.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sequential Symmetry-Breaking Events as a Synthetic Pathway for Chiral Gold Nanostructures with Spiral Geometries

Symmetry-breaking synthetic controls allow for nanostructure geometries that are counter to the underlying crystal symmetry of a material. If suitably applied, such controls provide the means to drive an isotropic metal along a growth pathway yielding a three-dimensional chiral geometry. In this work, we present a light-driven solution-based synthesis yielding helical gold spirals from substrate-bound seeds. The devised growth mode relies on three separate symmetry-breaking events ushered in by seeds lined with planar defects, a capping agent that severely frustrates early-stage growth, and the Coulombic repulsion that occurs when identically charged growth fronts collide. Together they combine to advance a growth pathway in which planar growth emanates from one side of the seed, advances to encircle the seed from both clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and then upon collision of the two growth fronts, sees one front rise above the other to realize a self-perpetuating three-dimensional spiral structure.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗