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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 181 records · Page 10
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Analyzing the Deployment of Large Amounts of Offshore Wind to Design an Offshore Transmission Grid in the United States: Preprint

This paper revisits the results from the U.S. Department of Energy's '20% Wind Energy By 2030' study, which envisioned that 54 GW of offshore wind would be installed by said year. The analysis is conducted using the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS), a capacity expansion model developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The model is used to optimize the deployment of the 54 GW of wind capacity along the coasts and lakes of the United States. The graphical representation of the results through maps will be used to provide a qualitative description for planning and designing an offshore grid. ReEDS takes into account many factors in the process of siting offshore wind capacity, such as the quality of the resource, capital and O&M costs, interconnection costs, or variability metrics (wind capacity value, forecast error, expected curtailment). The effect of these metrics in the deployment of offshore wind will be analyzed through examples in the results.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Control Co-Design of Wind Turbines

Wind energy is recognized worldwide as cost-effective and environmentally friendly, and it is among the fastest-growing sources of electrical energy. To further decrease the cost of wind energy, wind turbines are being designed at ever-larger scales. To expand the deployment of wind energy, wind turbines are also being designed on floating platforms for placement in deep-water locations offshore. Both larger-scale and floating wind turbines pose challenges because of their greater structural loads and deflections. Complex, large-scale systems such as modern wind turbines increasingly require a control co-design approach, whereby the system design and control design are performed in a more integrated fashion. This article reviews recent developments in control co-design of wind turbines. We provide an overview of wind turbine design objectives and constraints, issues in the design of key wind turbine components, modeling of the wind turbine and environment, and controller coupling issues. Wind turbine control functions and the integration of control design in co-design are detailed with a focus on co-design compatible control approaches.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Tutorial of Wind Turbine Control for Supporting Grid Frequency through Active Power Control: Preprint

As wind energy becomes a larger portion of the world's energy portfolio and wind turbines become larger and more expensive, wind turbine control systems play an ever more prominent role in the design and deployment of wind turbines. The goals of traditional wind turbine control systems are maximizing energy production while protecting the wind turbine components. As more wind generation isinstalled there is an increasing interest in wind turbines actively controlling their power output in order to meet power setpoints and to participate in frequency regulation for the utility grid. This capability will be beneficial for grid operators, as it seems possible that wind turbines can be more effective at providing some of these services than traditional power plants. Furthermore,establishing an ancillary market for such regulation can be beneficial for wind plant owner/operators and manufacturers that provide such services. In this tutorial paper we provide an overview of basic wind turbine control systems and highlight recent industry trends and research in wind turbine control systems for grid integration and frequency stability.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Wind Energy Fundamentals for the Bangladesh Financial Sector [Slides]

Financial institutions in Bangladesh play an important role in accelerating the deployment of wind energy. The country's central bank, the Bangladesh Bank, has been a pioneer in developing green banking initiatives. This training seeks to provide the Bangladesh Bank and other stakeholders in the Bangladesh financial sector with fundamental knowledge about wind energy so that they can support its growth in the country.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Wind for Schools: Fostering the Human Talent Supply Chain for a 20% Wind Energy Future (Poster)

As the United States dramatically expands wind energy deployment, the industry is challenged with developing a skilled workforce and addressing public resistance. Wind Powering America's Wind for Schools project addresses these issues by: 1) Developing Wind Application Centers (WACs) at universities; WAC students assist in implementing school wind turbines and participate in wind courses. 2)Installing small wind turbines at community 'host' schools. 3) Implementing teacher training with interactive curricula at each host school.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2011

Wind for Schools: A National Data and Curricula Development Activity for Schools (Poster)

As the United States dramatically expands wind energy deployment, the industry is challenged with developing a skilled workforce and addressing public resistance. Wind Powering America?s Wind for Schools project addresses these issues by: 1) Developing Wind Application Centers (WACs) at universities; WAC students assist in implementing school wind turbines and participate in wind courses. 2)Installing small wind turbines at community 'host' schools. 3) Implementing teacher training with interactive curricula at each host school.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Modelling wind power spatial-temporal correlation in multi-interval optimal power flow: A sparse correlation matrix approach

The significantly increasing deployment of wind power necessitates that system operation considers the spatial-temporal correlation of power forecast from different wind power plants. How to model this spatial-temporal correlation in the actual system dispatch is challenging. In this paper, a sparse correlation matrix is utilized to efficiently model the spatial-temporal correlation of wind power forecast in the generation dispatch model. A novel, adjustable, and distributionally-robust chance-constrained multi-interval optimal power flow (ADRCC-MIOPF) model is proposed to obtain reliable economic dispatch (ED) solutions. The spatial-temporal correlation of wind power plants power forecasts is represented by the sparse correlation covariance matrix obtained from historical, time series wind power forecast error data. The chance constraints in the ADRCC-MIOPF model are transformed into a set of second-order-cone (SOC) constraints in which an adjustable coefficient in the chance constraints controls the robustness of the ADRCC-MIOPF model to the wind power forecast errors distribution. Case studies performed on the PJM 5-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system verify the proposed method to improve the system security and reduce the cost especially under the high wind penetration levels. All the cases can be solved within several minutes for both the small and large cases which validates the efficiency of the proposed sparse matrix model. In addition, considering the spatial-temporal correlation of wind power forecast and the distributional robustness of wind power forecast error leads to a more reliable economic dispatch with lower system violations.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Federal Incentives for Wind Power (Fact Sheet)

This fact sheet describes the federal incentives available as of April 2013 that encourage increased development and deployment of wind energy technologies, including research grants, tax incentives, and loan programs.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Wind Fields in Category 1–3 Tropical Cyclones Are Not Fully Represented in Wind Turbine Design Standards

Abstract Offshore wind energy deployment in the U.S. is expected to increase in the years to come, with proposed wind farm sites located in regions with high risk for tropical cyclones. Yet, the wind turbine design criteria outlined by the International Electrotechnical Commission for extreme events may not account for wind field characteristics unique to tropical cyclones. To evaluate if current design standards capture the extreme conditions of these storms, we perform idealized large‐eddy simulations of three tropical cyclones (one Category 1, one Category 2, and one Category 3 storms) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Wind conditions near the eyewall of Cat‐1, Cat‐2, and Cat‐3 storms can exceed current design standards for offshore wind turbines. Winds at 90 m can be faster than outlined in the design criteria for Class I and Class T turbines for 50‐year recurrence periods. Wind speed shear across the turbine rotor layer is also larger than assumed in design specifications. Moreover, vertical variations in wind direction across the turbine rotor layer are large for tropical cyclones of all intensity levels, suggesting design standards should include veer, which can amplify loads in wind turbines. The existence of hurricane wind field characteristics that are not represented in design standards does not imply that damage or failure will certainly occur. Engineering safety factors incorporated in the design of the turbine's blades and structural components may prevent damage from occurring.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Offshore Wind Energy Validation Experiment Hierarchy

This paper provides a summary of planning work for experiments that will be necessary to address the long-term model validation needs required to meet offshore wind energy deployment goals. Conceptual experiments are identified and laid out in a validation hierarchy for both wind turbine and wind plant applications. Instrumentation needs that will be required for the offshore validation experiments to be impactful are then listed. The document concludes with a nominal vision for how these experiments can be accomplished.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Offshore Wind Energy Validation Experiment Hierarchy

This paper provides a summary of planning work for experiments that will be necessary to address the long-term model validation needs required to meet offshore wind energy deployment goals. Conceptual experiments are identified and laid out in a validation hierarchy for both wind turbine and wind plant applications. Instrumentation needs that will be required for the offshore validation experiments to be impactful are then listed. The document concludes with a nominal vision for how these exp

Maniaci, David Charles↗
DOE OSTI2025

Performance of wind assessment datasets in United States coastal areas

The atmospheric dynamics that occur near the intersection of land and water offer exciting and challenging opportunities for wind energy deployment in coastal locations. New models and tools are continually being developed in support of wind resource assessment, and three recent products are explored in this work for their performance in representing characteristics of the wind resource at coastal locations: the Global Wind Atlas 3 (GWA3), the 2023 National Offshore Wind dataset (NOW-23), and the wind climate simulations that are a component of the Wind Integration National Dataset (WIND) Toolkit Long-Term Ensemble Dataset (WTK-LED Climate). These relatively new products are freely available and user-friendly so that anyone – from a utility-scale developer to a resident or business owner – can evaluate the potential for wind energy generation at their location of interest. The validations in this work provide guidance on the accuracy of wind resource assessments for coastal customers interested in installing small or midsize wind turbines (≤ 1 MW in capacity) to support energy needs at the residential, business, or community scale, such as the island and remotely located participants of the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Transitions Initiative Partnership Project. At 23 coastal locations across the United States, dataset performance varies according to different evaluation metrics. All three recent datasets tend to overestimate the observed coastal wind resource. GWA3 produces the smallest annual average wind speed relative errors, whereas WTK-LED Climate is in best agreement in terms of representing diurnal wind speed cycles. NOW-23 is the highest performing of the datasets for representing seasonal and interannual trends in the coastal wind resource. While GWA3 and WTK-LED Climate are relatively insensitive to the dataset output heights selected for wind resource assessment at small and midsize wind turbine hub heights (20–60 m), significant variation in the NOW-23 representation of wind shear across the wind profile in the lowest 100 m of the atmosphere leads to notable differences in wind speed estimates according to the dataset output heights selected for evaluation. GWA3 exhibits challenges in the representation of observed wind speed diurnal cycles at small and midsize turbine hub heights, likely due to the dataset's consistent treatment of hourly wind speed trends regardless of altitude.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Impact of Firebrick Resistance-Heated Energy Storage (FIRES) on Electricity Prices in a Nuclear Renewable Grid

Electricity markets are changing with the addition of wind and solar. Large-scale wind or solar will drive down the price of electricity at times of high wind or solar output to near zero. This revenue effect provides the economic limit for deployment of wind or solar but is also bad on the economics of base-load nuclear power plants. The historical proposed solution to revenue collapse has been electricity storage—from pumped hydro to batteries. However, such devices are expensive. The alternative is conversion of low-price electricity into high-temperature heat stored in very cheap firebrick. The energy is transferred from the electric sector to the industrial sector or (longer term) with an FHR with NACC into peak electricity. The net effect is to put a floor on the price of electricity equal to the price of natural gas or whatever fossil fuel is used by industry. That benefits solar, wind, base-load (LWR) nuclear, and the FHR with NACC. It also significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial and utility sectors with efficient use of all electricity generating sources.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Wind and Weather Variability within the Californian Offshore Wind Energy Areas

Weather variability over the Northeast Pacific (NEP) region and its influence on wind resources within the Californian offshore wind energy areas (WEAs) at Humboldt and Morro Bay are characterized using 20-years reanalysis model and satellite data. The hub-height (180 m) winds at both locations are predominantly northwesterly driven by the NEP high pressure system, with strong coastal gradients in surface pressure, fluxes, planetary boundary layer (PBL) depths and cloudiness. These sharp coastal gradients and strong annual cycles of temperature and moisture advections pose potential challenges in accurately modeling the local wind resource. Hub-height wind speeds and power capacity factors significantly vary for different regimes of PBL depths, surface fluxes and rain area fractions. This highlights the importance of studying the physical mechanisms driving these weather regimes, hence our analysis of how large-scale NEP weather variability drives the local meteorology at the WEAs. Furthermore, at both WEAs, PBL tops and cloud boundaries intersect the rotor layer (80-280 m) more than 30% and 20% of the time, respectively. While PBL depths significantly modulates hub-height winds and power, cloud boundaries do not have a similar impact, likely due to reanalysis errors in simulating cloud boundaries accurately. These findings underscore the challenges in deploying tall wind turbines in shallow cloudy boundary layers, where the interaction between clouds, precipitation, and atmospheric layers can impact turbine efficiency. As turbines grow taller and are deployed in more complex meteorological conditions, understanding these interactions is crucial for improving wind power forecasting and optimizing energy production in coastal regions.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Evaluation of the Turbine Integrated Mortality Reduction (TIMR SM ) Technology as a Smart Curtailment Approach (Final Summary Report)

Wind energy is a crucial technology for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. However, the growth and deployment of wind energy in North America have led to the deaths of many bat species due to operating wind turbines. Hundreds of thousands of bats are estimated to die at wind turbines annually in North America. Operational minimization, which includes feathering turbine blades and curtailment, has been documented to reduce bat fatality effectively. Curtailment refers to altering turbine operation based on wind speed, time of year, temperature, sensors, and activity models. However, when turbines are curtailed, they do not generate power, resulting in energy loss and revenue for wind energy facilities. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) funded the development of Turbine Integrated Mortality Reduction (TIM SM ) Technology, which curtails turbine operation when bats are detected. The initial TIMR system research showed promising results, with an 85% reduction in overall bat fatalities and a 91% reduction for the little brown bat. However, these results were based on a single site during one fall season, and it was unclear if similar results could be replicated at other wind energy facilities. This research aimed to validate the TIMR system results from the prior field study at a second site in the U.S., estimate the power production and reduction in bat mortality at turbines with installed TIMR systems relative to blanket curtailment and fully operational turbines, test the TIMR system in two calendar years and during the summer and fall periods, and evaluate the operational and commercial characteristics of the TIMR system for potential wind industry adoption. The study was conducted at a 500.9-MW wind energy facility in southeast Adair County, Iowa. Three experimental treatments were involved in this randomized block design study: TIMR, Curtailment at 5.0 m/s, and Normal Operation. In 2021, three treatments were used at 18 turbines, expanding to four treatments across 36 turbines in 2022. The TIMR system worked as designed throughout the entire study; however, because of unexpected wind turbine operational challenges in 2021, there was not sufficient sample size to evaluate the treatment differences. In 2022, there were significant differences in fatality levels between treatment types and normal operating turbines. Curtailment at 5.0 m/s reduced fatalities by 30.8% compared to normal operations, and TIMR decreased fatalities by 48.6% compared to normal operations. Two different methods were used to evaluate the differences in energy loss for each treatment. The TIMR system resulted in 1.3% to 1.6 % annual energy loss in 2021 and 1.0% to 1.2 % in 2022. The Curtailment at 5.0 m/s resulted in 0.6% to 0.8 % annual energy loss in 2021 and 0.5% to 0.6 % in 2022. The project achieved all the stated objectives and demonstrated that TIMR is an effective technology that balances bat fatality reduction with energy generation. The results will support the deployment of TIMR and other acoustic sensor-based technologies. The research provides valuable insights into the impact of different treatments on fatality rates and energy outputs, contributing to the ongoing efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of wind energy.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Learn About the Energy Department's Latest Wind Energy R&D Efforts, Its Accomplishments, and Funding Opportunities (Wind Program Newsletter, June 2012 Edition)

The Energy Department’s Wind Program leads the nation’s efforts to improve the performance, lower the costs, and accelerate the deployment of wind technologies. The program works with national laboratories, industry, universities, and other federal agencies to conduct research and development activities through competitively selected, cost shared projects. The Energy Department publishes this quarterly newsletter to provide its partners and industry stakeholders with information about the program’s land-based and offshore wind R&D projects, its accomplishments, upcoming events, funding opportunities, and recent publications.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

2014 Distributed Wind Market Report

According to the 2014 Distributed Wind Market Report, distributed wind reached a cumulative capacity of almost 1 GW (906 MW) in the United States in 2014, reflecting nearly 74,000 wind turbines deployed across all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. In total, 63.6 MW of new distributed wind capacity was added in 2014, representing nearly 1,700 units and $170 million in investment across 24 states. In 2014, America's distributed wind energy industry supported a growing domestic industrial base as exports from United States-based small wind turbine manufacturers accounted for nearly 80% of United States-based manufacturers' sales.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2012

Workforce Development and Wind for Schools (Poster)

As the United States dramatically expands wind energy deployment, the industry is faced with the need to quickly develop a skilled workforce and to address public acceptance. Wind Powering America's Wind for Schools project addresses these challenges. This poster, produced for the American Wind Energy Association's annual WINDPOWER conference, provides an overview of the project, includingobjectives, methods, and results.

17 WIND ENERGY↗