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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1972

A comparison of techniques for inversion of radio-ray phase data in presence of ray bending

Derivations are presented of the straight-line Abel transform and the seismological Herglotz-Wiechert transform (which takes ray bending into account) that are used in the reconstruction of refractivity profiles from radio-wave phase data. Profile inversion utilizing these approaches, performed in computer-simulated experiments, are compared for cases of positive, zero, and negative ray bending. For thin atmospheres and ionospheres, such as the Martian atmosphere and ionosphere, radio wave signals are shown to be inverted accurately with both methods. For dense media, such as the solar corona or the lower Venus atmosphere, the refractive recovered by the seismological Herglotz-Wiechert transform provide a significant improvement compared with the straight-line Abel transform.

Wallio, H. A.↗
NASA NTRS1969

Calibration of combined bending-torsion fatigue reliability data reduction

The combined bending-torsion fatigue reliability research machines are described. Three such machines are presently in operation. The calibration of these machines is presented in depth. Fatigue data generated with these machines for SAE 4340 steel grooved specimens subjected to reversed bending and steady torque loading are given. The data reduction procedure is presented. Finally, some comments are made about notch sensitivity and stress concentration as applied to combined fatigue.

Kececioglu, D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Analysis of three-point-bend test for materials with unequal tension and compression properties

An analysis capability is described for the three-point-bend test applicable to materials of linear but unequal tensile and compressive stress-strain relations. The capability consists of numerous equations of simple form and their graphical representation. Procedures are described to examine the local stress concentrations and failure modes initiation. Examples are given to illustrate the usefulness and ease of application of the capability. Comparisons are made with materials which have equal tensile and compressive properties. The results indicate possible underestimates for flexural modulus or strength ranging from 25 to 50 percent greater than values predicted when accounting for unequal properties. The capability can also be used to reduce test data from three-point-bending tests, extract material properties useful in design from these test data, select test specimen dimensions, and size structural members.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Alternating bending-steady torque fatigue reliability

Results generated by three unique fatigue reliability research machines which can apply alternating-bending loads combined with steady torque are presented. Six-inch long, AISI steel, grooved specimens with a stress concentration factor of 1.42 and Rockwell C 35/40 hardness were subjected to various combinations of these loads and cycled to failure. The generated cycles-to-failure and staircase-testing data are statistically analyzed to develop distributional S-N and Goodman diagrams. Various failure theories are investigated to determine which one best represents the data. The effect of the groove and of the various combined bending-torsion loads on the finite and endurance life strength of such components, as well as on the Goodman diagram, are determined. Design applications are presented.

Kececioglu, D.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Analysis of the three-point-bend test for materials with unequal tension and compression properties

Structural resins have moduli and strengths which are different in tension and compression. The three-point-bend test is used extensively in their characterization. An investigation is performed to derive all the equations needed for the analysis and test data reduction of the three-point-bend test. The governing equations are derived using well-known linear structural mechanics principles and are represented graphically. The stress concentration effects in the vicinity of the load point are investigated, and failure stress and failure initiation are examined.

Chamis, C. C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

A note on the effect of bending stiffness of stringers attached to a plate with a crack

An infinite stringer partially bonded to a plate through a layer of adhesive is considered. The stringer had bending as well as longitudinal stiffness. The effect of the stringer's bending rigidity on the stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack is illustrated. Shear stress distribution between the plate and the stringer and the stress intensity factors are obtained from the solution of a system of Fredholm integral equations. The continuity of displacements along the line of bond is represented by the equations.

Arin, K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Combined bending-torsion fatigue reliability of AISI 4340 steel shafting with K sub t = 2.34

Results generated by three, unique fatigue reliability research machines which can apply reversed bending loads combined with steady torque are presented. Six-inch long, AISI 4340 steel, grooved specimens with a stress concentration factor of 2.34 and R sub C 35/40 hardness were subjected to various combinations of these loads and cycled to failure. The generated cycles-to-failure and stress-to-failure data are statistically analyzed to develop distributional S-N and Goodman diagrams. Various failure theories are investigated to determine which one represents the data best. The effect of the groove and of the various combined bending-torsion loads on the S-N and Goodman diagrams are determined. Three design applications are presented. The third one illustrates the weight savings that may be achieved by designing for reliability.

Kececioglu, D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A note on the effect of lateral bending stiffness of stringers attached to a plate with a crack

An infinite stringer which is assumed to be partially bonded to a plate through a layer of adhesive is considered. The stringer is assumed to have bending as well as longitudinal stiffness. The effect of the stringer's bending rigidity on the stress intensity factor at the tip of the crack is illustrated. Shear stress distribution between the plate and the stringer and the stress intensity factors will be obtained from the solution of a system of Fredholm integral equations which represent the continuity of displacements along the line of bond.

Arin, K.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Combined bending-torsion fatigue reliability. III

Results generated by three, unique fatigue reliability research machines which can apply reversed bending loads combined with steady torque are presented. AISI 4340 steel, grooved specimens with a stress concentration factor of 1.42 and 2.34, and Rockwell C hardness of 35/40 were subjected to various combinations of these loads and cycled to failure. The generated cycles-to-failure and stress-to-failure data are statistically analyzed to develop distributional S-N and Goodman diagrams. Various failure theories are investigated to determine which one represents the data best. The effects of the groove, and of the various combined bending-torsion loads, on the S-N and Goodman diagrams are determined. Two design applications are presented which illustrate the direct useability and value of the distributional failure governing strength and cycles-to-failure data in designing for specified levels of reliability and in predicting the reliability of given designs.

Kececioglu, D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Effect of wing bend on the experimental force and moment characteristics of an oblique wing

Static longitudinal and lateral/directional force and moment characteristics are presented for an elliptical oblique wing mounted on top of a Sears-Haack body of revolution. The wing had an aspect ratio of 6 (based on the unswept span) and was tested at various sweep angles relative to the body axis ranging from 0 to 60 deg. In an attempt to create more symmetrical spanwise wing stalling characteristics, both wing panels were bent upward to produce washout on the trailing wing panel and washing on the leading wing panel. Small fluorescent tufts were attached to the wing surface to indicate the stall progression on the wing. The tests were conducted throughout a Mach number range from 0.6 to 1.4 at a constant unit Reynolds number of 8.2 x 10 per meter. The test results indicate that upward bending of the wing panels had only a small effect on the linearity of the moment curves and would require an impractical wing-pivot location at low lift to eliminate the rolling moment resulting from this bending.

Hopkins, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Use of active control systems to improve bending and rotor flapping response of a tilt rotor VTOL airplane

The results are summarized of an analytical study of the use of active control systems for the purpose of reducing the root mean square response of wing vertical bending and rotor flapping to atmospheric turbulence for a tilt-rotor VTOL airplane. Only the wing/rotor assembly was considered so that results of a wind tunnel test program would be applicable in a subsequent phase of the research. The capabilities and limitations of simple single feedback configurations were identified, and the most promising multiloop feedback configurations were then investigated. Design parameters were selected so as to minimize either wing bending or rotor flapping response. Within the constraints imposed by practical levels of feedback gains and complexity and by considerations of safety, reduction in response due to turbulence of the order of 30 to 50 percent is predicted using the rotor longitudinal cyclic and a trailing edge wing flap as control effectors.

Whitaker, H. P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Tube-bending scale/protractor

Combination protractor and scale for measuring tube bends has novel pivot that allows tube to remain in contact with scale arms for all bend angles. Device permits rapid and accurate scribing and measurement of mockup fluid lines to obtain production data.

Millett, A. U.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Investigation of some problems in developing standards for precracked Charpy slow bend tests

The reported investigation was undertaken in connection with an attempt to develop procedures which would be useful in standardizing a test method for the precracked Charpy slow bend specimen. A number of alloys was studied for which valid plane-strain fracture toughness values have been established. The investigation shows that useful relations between precracked Charpy slow bend results and crack size factors can be obtained under some circumstances. However, it is not yet known what factors control these circumstances.

Succop, G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Safe bending of boron/aluminum sheets

Low cost procedure utilizing aluminum backing sheets protects boron/aluminum sheet from cracking during bending. Process utilizes inexpensive universal-brake bending dies rather than special hydroforming dies.

Liskay, G. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Tension-mode loading for bend specimens in cryogens

Special fixture permits use of tension-loading apparatus in fracture-toughness tests on standard bend specimens. Specimen is held in place by spacer blocks and wire clips. Central, load-application roller bends specimen between lateral, reaction-load rollers.

Pierce, W. S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Effects of mistuning on bending-torsion flutter and response of a cascade in incompressible flow

The effect of small differences between the individual blades (mistuning) on the aeroelastic stability and response of a cascade were studied. The aerodynamic, inertial, and structural coupling between the bending and torsional motions of each blade and the aerodynamic coupling between the blades was considered. A digital computer program was developed to conduct parametric studies. Results indicate that the mistuning has a beneficial effect on the coupled bending torsion and uncoupled torsion flutter. On forced response, however, the effect may be either beneficial or adverse, depending on the engine order of the forcing function. The results also illustrate that it may be feasible to utilize mistuning as a passive control to increase flutter speed while maintaining forced response at an acceptable level.

Kaza, K. R. V.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Effects of mistuning on bending-torsion flutter and response of a cascade in incompressible flow

This paper presents an investigation of the effects of blade mistuning on the aeroelastic stability and response of a cascade in incompressible flow. The aerodynamic, inertial, and structural coupling between the bending and torsional motions of each blade and the aerodynamic coupling between the blades are included in the formulation. A digital computer program was developed to conduct parametric studies. Results indicate that the mistuning has a beneficial effect on the coupled bending-torsion and uncoupled torsion flutter. The effect of mistuning on forced response, however, may be either beneficial or adverse, depending on the engine order of the forcing function. Additionally, the results illustrate that it may be feasible to utilize mistuning as a passive control to increase flutter speed while maintaining forced response at an acceptable level.

Kaza, K. R. V.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Bending waves in Saturn's rings

Saturn A ring brightness variations are investigated and noted to be caused by vertical corrugations of the local ring plane due to a spiral bending wave, resonantly excited by Mimas, which propagates inwardly by way of the ring particle collective gravity. Some aspects of the presently developed theory of forced bending waves have been previously treated in the galactic context. It is noted that the theory is generally in good agreement with observations, and in particular may resolve the conflict between ground-based estimates of 1-2 km for the global ring thickness and Voyager stellar occultation measurements of less than 200 m for the local ring thickness.

Shu, F. H.↗