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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Space charge dominated momentum spread and compensation strategies in the post-linac section of Proton Improvement Plan-II at Fermilab

The upcoming Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II), designated for enhancements to the Fermilab accelerator complex, features a new 800 MeV superconducting linac and a Beam Transfer Line (BTL) to transport the beam to the existing Booster synchrotron. To mitigate the space charge tune shift associated with a high intensity accumulated beam, the low emittance linac beam is used to paint the ring phase space both transversely and longitudinally. To prevent losses caused by particles injected outside the rf separatrix while painting longitudinal phase space, the momentum spread of the incoming beam should not exceed 2.1 x 10^-4. Detailed simulations showed that due to space charge, the rms momentum spread increases to 4 x 10^-4 while it is transported in the BTL --about twice the allowable limit. In this paper, we outline a mitigation strategy involving a debuncher cavity. We discuss location, operating frequency, and gap voltage under both nominal and perturbed beam conditions, specifically accounting for momentum jitter. The impact of cavity misalignments is also assessed. The paper concludes by recommending an optimized configuration.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Chromaticity compensation of a ghost collider

The GHOST collider final focus system is a pure quadrupole-drift beamline targeting ¿* = 2 mm at four serial interaction points, with peak ¿-functions reaching ~65 km in the final triplet. Beam tracking simulations reveal that a nominal bunch develops a pronounced C-shape in longitu- dinal phase space at IP1, with ¿¿ growing from 0.15 mm to ~2.3 mm — a factor of ~15× increase that directly re- duces luminosity. The mechanism is identified as chromat- ically amplified betatron path length: off-momentum par- ticles acquire enlarged betatron amplitudes in the high-¿ final triplet, generating excess path length via the geometric ¿¿ = - 1/2 ¿ (¿'2 + ¿'2) ¿¿ integral. Within the monoenergetic Balandin framework, ¿2¿2 with ¿ = - 1/2 ¿ ¿ ¿¿ dominates ¿2¿2 by over four million times; the full beam ¿¿ is a fur- ther factor of ~27 larger, driven by ¿¿ -induced chromatic amplitude growth. Phase-advance scans confirm that ¿¿ is insensitive to the apochromatic (¿ ˜ 0) condition. When combined with the geometric hourglass effect, this distor- tion poses a challenge to maximizing luminosity within the current lattice design.

Gamage, B. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator ↗
DOE OSTI2020

Recent Changes to U.S. Coal Plant Operations and Current Compensation Practices

Over the last decade, the U.S. electric power sector has gone through one of the most dramatic changes in its existence. The combination of low natural gas prices as a result of the shale gas revolution and significant reduction in construction and operating costs for renewable resources, in part due to federal tax credits such as the production tax credit and investment tax credit mainly benefitting wind and solar, respectively, has resulted in a significant shift away from coal-fired generation, and instead towards natural gas and renewable generation. Furthermore, the operating profile of existing coal-fired electric generating units has changed significantly. As new natural gas combined cycle plants have become increasingly more efficient and cheaper to operate than older existing coal-fired power plants, coal units continue to lose baseload generation share and more frequently operate as load-following, or cycling, resources. These trends are of particular importance to state public utility commissions. Functioning as economic regulators, commissions oversee investments in a reliable, efficient system while balancing emissions goals, customer demands, and other policy objectives. Changes to coal plant operations as a result of increased competition from other fuel sources may have a bearing on system reliability and economics, and therefore constitute an important area for commissions to monitor.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2022

Compensation for Long-Duration Energy Storage

Rapidly changing power system conditions, driven by decarbonization goals, are leading to significant growth in renewable energy sources, which can be both variable and uncertain. This has been accompanied with increased reliance on and rapid growth in deployment of energy storage technologies. Currently, approximately 90% of installed, utility-scale energy storage capacity in the United States comes from pumped storage hydropower (PSH). However, development of new PSH has been limited and all recent growth in energy storage has come from batteries, , especially as technology costs have decreased over the years. Most of the current deployment still remains in the form of short-duration (<6 hours) energy storage technologies; the average duration of new storage was 3.7 hours for projects deployed in the first half of 2021 (Wood Mackenzie and Energy Storage Association 2021).

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Temperature dependent index of refraction compensation and radiation resistance in monolithic optical systems

Monolithic catadioptric optical systems are susceptible to defocus errors caused by inhomogeneous temperature within the glass material due to temperature dependent index of refraction. This invention discloses methods to mitigate these errors using tuned materials in its optical design coupled with active optical radiative heating to provide optimal performance and includes methods to enhance radiation resistance.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Space Charge Dominated Momentum Spread and Compensation Strategies in the Post-Linac Section of Proton Improvement Plan-II at Fermilab

The upcoming Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II), designated for enhancements to the Fermilab accelerator complex, features a Beam Transfer Line (BTL) that channels the beam from the linac exit to the booster. In the absence of longitudinal focusing beyond the superconducting linac, the beam experiences an elevated momentum spread, primarily due to nonlinear space-charge forces, surpassing the allowable limit of 2.1e-4. This study presents a detailed examination of the space-charge-induced momentum spread and outlines mitigative strategies. The investigation includes the fine-tuning of a de-buncher cavity, analyzed in terms of operating frequency, longitudinal location, and gap voltage, under both standard and perturbed beam conditions—specifically accounting for momentum jitter and energy variation. The impact of buncher cavity misalignments on the beam's longitudinal phase space is also assessed. The paper concludes by recommending an optimized cavity configuration to effectively mitigate the observed increase in momentum spread along the BTL.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Integration Framework: Regulatory Innovation for DER Compensation and Cost Allocation

Existing regulatory approaches to DER lack the precision and granularity necessary to ensure that DER can continue to scale in a cost-effective manner that is aligned with the public interest. To address this need, with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Electricity, Berkeley Lab and Current Energy Group developed an illustrative regulatory framework. By adopting a technology-neutral and modular approach, the framework enables flexibility and scalability for DER providers, utilities, and regulators. Clear price signals and incentives encourage the provision of valuable grid services, while equitable cost allocation promotes efficient use of distribution capacity and interconnection resources. This approach mirrors traditional ratemaking principles for importing customers and positions DERs as integral components of a dynamic and cost-effective energy future.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Regulators’ Financial Toolbox: Designing Low- and Moderate- Income (LMI) Community Solar Compensation Programs

On February 9, 2022, as part of the NARUC Winter Policy Summit, five NARUC Staff Subcommittees (Energy Resources and the Environment, Rate Design, Electricity, Electric Reliability and Resilience, and Consumers and the Public Interest) co-hosted two sessions on community solar. The first panel was Community Solar I: Benefits for Low- and Moderate-Income Consumers, featuring opening remarks from moderator Hon. Eric Blank, Chairman of the Colorado Public Utilities Commission, and presentations from Richard Caperton, Vice President, Policy and Market Development, Arcadia, on behalf of the Coalition for Community Solar Access (CCSA); Chris Nichols, Senior Program Director, Groundswell; and Ted Trabue, Managing Director, DC Sustainable Energy Utility. See presentations and recordings. The second panel, titled What is Community Solar 2: Cost Impacts to Participants and Non-Participants, featured opening remarks from moderator Jamie Barber, Director of the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Unit at the Georgia Public Service Commission, and presentations from Dr. Gabriel Chan, Associate Professor, Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota; Matthew McDonnell, Managing Director, Strategen Consulting; and Katie Chiles Ottenweller, Southeast Director, Vote Solar. See presentations and recordings.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗