New York Academy of Sciences, Conference on Forms of Water in Biologic Systems, New York, N.Y., October 5-8, 1964, Papers.
Forms of water in biologic systems - Conference, New York, October 1964
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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The molecular aspect of nucleic acid interactions
Physical chemical studies on molecular aspect of nucleic acid interactions
MOLECULAR INTERACTION↗
Space programs summary no. 37-26, volume IV FOR the period February 1, 1964 to March 31, 1964. Supporting research and advanced development
Research project summaries in propulsion, guidance and control, trajectory optimization, physics and chemistry, communications, and related space sciences
TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION↗
Theory of diffusion in solutions near the critical point
Theory of diffusion in solutions near critical point
KINETICS↗
Reference earth orbital research and applications investigations (blue book). Volume 3: Physics
The definition of physics experiments to be conducted aboard the space station is presented. The four functional program elements are: (1) space physics research laboratory, (2) plasma physics and environmental perturbation laboratory, (3) cosmic ray physics laboratory, and (4) physics and chemistry laboratory. The experiments to be conducted by each facility are defined and the crew member requirements to accomplish the experiments are presented.
Source record↗
Physics of the space environment
Upper atmospheric physics and chemistry, auroras, and solar flare forecasting - colloquium
Smith, R. E.↗
Molecule formation. I - In normal H I clouds. II - In interstellar shock waves.
The formation of simple molecules and their role in the chemistry and physics of the interstellar medium is considered. The requirements for recombination reactions to occur on interstellar grains with the subsequent buildup of a molecular mantle are discussed. Together with a discussion of depletion and heating of the evolving gas, this forms the basis for a treatment of the precollision history of dust and gas. All the chemical reactions included in the calculations are given, as well as the results of calculations for two values of the intercloud pressure and for a range of cloud masses. Shock waves in clouds whose precollision history has been calculated are treated, followed by discussion of the shock structure and the dynamics of the grains. The process of sputtering is treated, and expressions are given for the cooling rates, including cooling due to the molecules formed behind the shock front. All the chemical reactions included in the calculations are given, as well as the results of calculations for a range of shock velocities and initial molecular hydrogen abundances.
Aannestad, P. A.↗
The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 10: Space technology
The findings and recommendations of the Space Technology group of the space shuttle payload planning activity are presented. The elements of the space technology program are: (1) long duration exposure facility, (2) advanced technology laboratory, (3) physics and chemistry laboratory, (4) contamination experiments, and (5) laser information/data transmission technology. The space technology mission model is presented in tabular form. The proposed experiments to be conducted by each test facility are described. Recommended approaches for user community interfacing are included.
Source record↗
Free radical OH, a molecule of astrophysical and aeronomic interest
The chemistry and physics of the gaseous OH free radical as it applies to interstellar space, planetary atmospheres, and the sun is presented. Topics considered are: (1) rotational-vibrational transitions; (2) dissociation and ionization processes; (3) spectral characteristics.
Mohan, H.↗
Minor constituents in the stratosphere and mesosphere
This paper is a brief survey of a portion of the research on trace constituents in the stratosphere and mesosphere between 1971 and 1974. A primary motivation for much of the stratospheric research came from the realization that man's activities may influence global climate and the atmospheric ozone content, our shield against certain UV wavelengths. A great deal of progress has been reported in understanding both the present background stratosphere and the responses to be expected from additions of nitrogen oxides, water, and chlorine oxides, especially with respect to ozone. Trace constituents in the mesosphere have been modeled and measured to increase our understanding of the physics and chemistry of the mesosphere but also to relate mesospheric composition and transport to ionospheric processes at higher altitudes, to D region ion chemistry, and to upper stratospheric composition.
Cicerone, R. J.↗
NASA's space processing program
The NASA Space Processing Program was initiated to develop uses of space flight that will support research efforts and manufacturing operations on the ground by processing materials in space. It is expected that the unique conditions that are available in space will provide a basis for a wide variety of economically beneficial services to science and industry in fields such as metallurgy, electronic materials, glass technology, fluid physics and chemistry, and in biological material preparation as well. Plans are described for developing payload equipment to implement materials processing experiments on the missions of the space transportation system (STS). This equipment is intended to support a diversified program of NASA-sponsored materials processing experiments by all classes of scientists, as well as pilot activities by non-NASA sponsors.
Bredt, J. H.↗
JPL basic research review
Current status, projected goals, and results of 49 research and advanced development programs at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory are reported in abstract form. Areas of investigation include: aerodynamics and fluid mechanics, applied mathematics and computer sciences, environment protection, materials science, propulsion, electric and solar power, guidance and navigation, communication and information sciences, general physics, and chemistry.
Source record↗
Statement of Doctor Noel Hinners, Associate Administrator for Space Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Leadership in space exploration is an important part of the nation's prestige. There is a large science component in what are called applications and visa versa. Space science can provide the basis for some of the steps and bridges to possibilities envisioned for the year 2000 and forward. Both chemistry and physics are basis priorities in NASA missions and research activities. Current programs are concerned with developing the capability to put more weight in space, to provide for revisiting facilities such as the space telescope and provide for on-orbit repair or retrieval. Programs requiring the construction of facilities in space require higher levels of energy than those currently available. The prospective development of low-thrust propulsion in the 1980's will reduce transportation time. Data from Skylab and that to be obtained from Spacelab as well as investigations of solar-terrestrial interactions will benefit space tourists and inhabitants.
Hinners, N.↗
Droplet burning at zero G
Questions of the importance and feasibility of performing experiments on droplet burning at zero gravity in Spacelab were studied. Information on the physics and chemistry of droplet combustion, with attention directed specifically to the chemical kinetics, heat and mass transfer, and fluid mechanics of the phenomena involved, are presented. The work was divided into three phases, the justification, the feasibility, and the conceptual development of a preliminary design. Results from the experiments performed revealed a few new facts concerning droplet burning, notably burning rates in excess of theoretical prediction and a phenomenon of flash extinction, both likely traceable to accumulation of carbon produced by gas-phase pyrolysis in the fuel-rich zone enclosed by the reaction surface. These experiments also showed that they were primarily due to timing difficulties.
Williams, F. A.↗
The NASA-Ames Research Center stratospheric aerosol model. 2. Sensitivity studies and comparison with observatories
Sensitivity tests were performed on a one-dimensional, physical-chemical model of the unperturbed stratospheric aerosols, and model calculations were compared with observations. The tests and comparisons suggest that coagulation controls the particle number mixing ratio, although the number of condensation nuclei at the tropopause and the diffusion coefficient at high altitudes are also important. The sulfur gas source strength and the aerosol residence time are much more important than the supply of condensation nuclei in establishing mass and large particle concentrations. The particle size is also controlled mainly by gas supply and residence time. In situ observations of the aerosols and laboratory measurements of aerosols, parameters that can provide further information about the physics and chemistry of the stratosphere and the aerosols found there are provided.
Toon, O. B.↗
A search for experiments to exploit the space shuttle environment, volume 1
A search for worthwhile experiments in pure and applied physics and chemistry which might take advantage of conditions achievable aboard the space shuttle is documented. Of particular interest were the very large pumping speeds at high or ultra high vacuum, the highly nonequilibrium composition of the ambient atmosphere, and the relative absence of gravitational effects. Ideas and suggestions were solicated in the course of visits to 31 research establishments in Western Europe, India, and Japan; conversations with over 90 scientists; and presentations at 3 international meetings. Intriguing possibilities emerged in the following arenas: (1) spectroscopy of the transition state in chemical reactions; (2) flame structure and analysis; (3) solid propellant combustion; (4) analysis of atmospheric composition; (5) turbulence effects on aerosol coagulation.
Fenn, J. B.↗
Laboratory studies of some of the major ion-molecule reactions occurring in cometary comae
Laboratory results have been obtained for some of the key ion-molecule reactions which should occur in the inner coma of comets. A complete listing is given of laboratory data presently available for ion-molecule reactions occurring in a mixture of H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, N2, and NH3 cometary volatiles. From these data, the most important reactions occurring in the coma of a water-dominated comet are extracted for use in models of the physics and chemistry of cometary comae.
Huntress, W. T., Jr.↗
Science support for the atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment
The experiment is a satellite solar occultation interferometer spectrometer experiment under development for flight on Spacelab 3. Launch is expected in March 1985. ATMOS will provide high spectral resolution (0.02/cm) and high spatial resolution (2 km from Shuttle altitude) data over the spectral range from 2 micrometers to 16 micrometers. This region of the spectrum is rich in absorption features of major and minor trace gases which are critical to the understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Earth's upper atmosphere. The broad objectives of the ATMOS experiment are to: identify and measure, on a global scale, the volume mixing ratios of known and newly discovered molecular species; determine vertical profiles for these species; and provide spectral data on the atmosphere for use in optimizing the design of future instruments to monitor specific gases.
Rinsland, C. P.↗