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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11

Radioisotope Identification with List-Mode Gamma Ray Data: A rigorous assessment on the value of temporal information applied to radioisotope identification.

This work explores the potential of utilizing temporal data from gamma-ray detectors, known as list-mode data, to enhance radioisotope identification. Traditional identification methods, which rely on full gamma-ray spectrum analysis, often require long dwell times and struggle with “confuser” sources, or spectra with similarly spaced spectral peaks. We hypothesize that by leveraging the probabilistic nature of nuclear decay and the time-encoded information from decay sequences and interactions with surrounding materials, we can improve classification accuracy over static spectral analysis. This research rigorously examines the temporal content of list-mode data through exploratory data analysis via correlation discovery and information theory. We further propose a basic classification model that can utilize spectral or temporal data (or both) to determine if the incorporation of temporal information can improve radioisotope identification. The findings suggest that the temporal information present in list-mode gamma-ray data has merit and should be further investigated.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Mind the Gap: Addressing Data Gaps and Assessing Noise Mismodeling in LISA

Due to the sheer complexity of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) space mission, data gaps arising from instrumental irregularities and/or scheduled maintenance are unavoidable. Focusing on merger-dominated massive black hole binary signals, we test the appropriateness of the Whittle-likelihood on gapped data in a variety of cases. From first principles, we derive the likelihood valid for gapped data in both the time and frequency domains. Cheap-to-evaluate proxies to p-p plots are derived based on a Fisher-based formalism, and verified through Bayesian techniques. Our tools allow to predict the altered variance in the parameter estimates that arises from noise mismodeling, as well as the information loss represented by the broadening of the posteriors. The result of noise mismodeling with gaps is sensitive to the characteristics of the noise model, with strong low-frequency (red) noise and strong high-frequency (blue) noise giving statistically significant fluctuations in recovered parameters. We demonstrate that the introduction of a tapering window reduces statistical inconsistency errors, at the cost of less precise parameter estimates. We also show that the assumption of independence between inter-gap segments appears to be a fair approximation even if the data set is inherently coherent. However, if one instead assumes fictitious correlations in the data stream, when the data segments are actually independent, then the resultant parameter recoveries could be inconsistent with the true parameters. The theoretical and numerical practices that are presented in this work could readily be incorporated into global-fit pipelines operating on gapped data.

LISA↗

Assessing Hot Fire Data with WinPlot

Development and certification of liquid engine systems for human spaceflight missions requires exhaustive analysis to meet the NASA’s requirements for engine health, reliability, and performance. The techniques used to assess requirement conformance and test-to-test engine health and performance pose many unique challenges including the unusually large scale of data, complex component and system analysis, and rigorous engineering judgement standards. To address these challenges, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center’s Engine Systems branch has developed and maintained a robust software suite and operational processes that satisfy programmatic requirements levied on engines and the 7 Elements of Flight Rationale. Analysis at a systems level includes subsystem assessment of components such as turbomachinery and combustion devices as well as structural and fluid dynamics and transient and steady-state assessment at a systems level. Some of the most important tools to accomplish this analysis are automated script databases, creation of historical and statistical comparisons, and parameters calculated at the full data rate. These tools greatly simplify the crucial processes of anomaly investigation, limit monitoring, health assessment, and timely communication of key conclusions drawn from hot fire testing and flight data analysis.

J. Davis Hunter↗

Certification of Upper Air Sounding System to Support NASA Launch Operations

A new upper air sounding system (Vaisala MW51) has been installed at the United States Space Force’s Eastern Range (ER). The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center’s Natural Environments Branch has assessed MW51 test data from the ER to certify the new system for use in Artemis Program launch operations. Certification criteria are based on legacy system capabilities and vehicle design environments, and include criteria for wind, temperature, and relative humidity, as well as effective vertical resolution (EVR) of wind data. The test data consists of near simultaneous (within 15 seconds) releases of two MW51 sondes and one legacy system sonde. Difference statistics (root mean square) between MW51 and legacy system wind, temperature, and relative humidity data are assessed against the certification criteria. Wind data from dual MW51 releases are used in spectral/coherence analyses to assess the EVR criteria. The MW51 system must demonstrate it meets these criteria to be used in NASA Artemis launch operations.

Frank Leahy↗

Preliminary Analysis of AVIRIS Data for Tectonostratigraphic Assessment of Northern Guerrero State, Southern Mexico

The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the southern margin of the North America Plate in Mexico is still in debate. Recent explanations assert Laramide age (Campanian-Eocene) accretion of far-travelled oceanic terranes. In 1989, we began an effort to bring new data to this debate through field mapping, incorporating Landsat Thematic Mapper and digital elevation data, along a 30 km by 250 km, east-west geologic transect of northern Guerrero State. Covering the region from Huetamo, Michoacan, to Papalutla, Guerrero (between latitude 18-19 deg N and longitude 101-99 deg W), our mapping results show that no stratigraphic incompatibilities suggesting terrane accretion exist in the region. In November 1994, AVIRIS data were acquired along the geologic transect in order to refine our stratigraphic assessment. One objective of this hyperspectral survey was to improve mapping of limestone, dolostone and gypsum-bearing facies of the Morelos Formation which record rudist carbonate platform environments during mid-Cretaceous time.

Lang, Harold R.↗

SITCOMTN-161: PSF assessment in the field of Abell 360 and shapeHSM shear profile using LSSTComCam data

The Rubin LSSTComCam on-sky campaign performed at the end of 2024 provided observations of the Abell 360 galaxy cluster; these data allow a preliminary study of cluster weak lensing analysis using Rubin Data Preview 1 (DP1) data. Among all the steps required for such analyses, accurate modeling of the PSF is essential. This work uses several diagnostics, mostly based on the residuals between the second moments of stars and the PSF model, to characterize the accuracy of the PSF modeling in the A360 field. We find the level of the residuals to be sufficiently low not to hinder the measurement of the tangential shear profile around A360. With a simple source selection process, we demonstrate that outputs of the LSST Science Pipelines can be used to detect the tangential shear profile in Abell 360 at the 3.6σ level, and our analysis indicates that contamination from PSF modeling systematics is negligible.

Dell'Antonio, Ian [Brown University]↗

Preliminary Analysis of AVIRIS Data for Tectonostratigraphic Assessment of Northern Guerrero

The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the southern margin of North American Plate in Mexico is still in debate. Recent explanations assert Laramide age (Campanian-Eocene) accretion of far-traveled oceanic terranes (Campa and Coney, 1983; Sedlock et al. 1993). In 1989, we began an effort to bring new data to this debate through field mapping, incorporating Lansat Thematic Mapper and digital elevation data, along a 30km by 250km, east-west geologic transect on northern Guerrero State.

AVIRIS tectonostratigraphic evolution Laramide age↗

Open data sets for assessing photovoltaic system reliability

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become a cornerstone of renewable energy strategies, particularly due to the significant reduction in solar power costs over the past decade. However, the long-term reliability of PV installations presents a persistent challenge, requiring the development of advanced monitoring and predictive maintenance strategies. A wide range of data types is used to evaluate the health of PV systems, including environmental conditions, electrical performance, and inspection imagery. These data enable methodologies such as machine learning (ML) models for lifetime prediction and computer vision techniques for defect detection. However, the acquisition of high-quality and comprehensive data is difficult, particularly in terms of long-term consistency and data variety. Publicly available data sets serve as valuable resources for addressing these challenges, but they often suffer from fragmentation and are difficult to access. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing open-source data sets related to PV degradation, analyzing their features, functionalities, and potential applications. We categorize these data sets based on the specific aspects of PV system information they cover, such as environmental conditions, operational monitoring, image inspection and module materials, and propose relevant tools and ML models for processing them. In addition, we propose practices for future data collection and usage, while also discussing potential directions in data-driven research. Our aim is to enhance data utilization and publication among researchers and industry professionals, promoting a deeper understanding of the role of data in enhancing the performance and durability of PV systems.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗

Crop-CASMA - A Web GIS Tool for Cropland Soil Moisture Monitoring and Assessment Based on SMAP Data

Timely, frequent, and complete cropland soil moisture information acquired throughout the growing season is critical for agricultural policy, production, food security, and food prices. The NASA Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission provides a reliable data source for cropland soil moisture assessment. This paper presents Crop-CASMA- a web GIS application tool for cropland soil moisture monitoring and assessment based on SMAP data. This interactive Web service-based GIS application tool enables CONUS SMAP derived soil moisture data visualization, dissemination, and analytics. In this paper, we describe the Crop-CASMA application system architecture, the application implementation, and the data it serves. In addition, we also present a few snapshots of the Crop-CASMA data for cropland soil moisture monitoring. The release of Crop-CASMA greatly enhances the user experience and facilitates using soil moisture data products for crop condition monitoring and decision support.

Zhengwei Yang↗

Crop-CASMA - A Web GIS Tool for Cropland soil moisture Monitoring and Assessment Based on SMAP Data

Timely, frequent, and complete cropland soil moisture information acquired throughout the growing season is critical for agricultural policy, production, food security, and food prices. The NASA Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission provides a reliable data source for cropland soil moisture assessment. This paper presents Crop-CASMA - a web GIS application tool for cropland soil moisture monitoring and assessment based on SMAP data. This interactive Web service-based GIS application tool enables CONUS SMAP derived soil moisture data visualization, dissemination, and analytics. In this paper, we describe the Crop-CASMA application system architecture, the application implementation, and the data it serves. In addition, we also present a few snapshots of the Crop-CASMA data for cropland soil moisture monitoring. The release of Crop-CASMA greatly enhances the user experience and facilitates using soil moisture data products for crop condition monitoring and decision support.

Reichle, Rolf H.↗

Full Life-Cycle Defect Management Assessment: Initial Inspection Data Collection Results and Research Questions for Further Study

It is often the case in software projects that when schedule and budget resources are limited, the Verification and Validation (V&V) activities suffer. Fewer V&V activities can be afforded and moreover, short-term challenges can result in V&V activities being scaled back or dropped altogether. As a result, too often the default solution is to save activities for improving software quality until too late in the life-cycle, relying on late-term code inspections followed by thorough testing activities to reduce defect counts to acceptable levels. As many project managers realize, however, this is a resource-intensive way of achieving the required quality for software. The Full Life-cycle Defect Management Assessment Initiative, funded by NASA s Office of Safety and Mission Assurance under the Software Assurance Research Program, aims to address these problems by: Improving the effectiveness of early life-cycle V&V activities to make their benefits more attractive to team leads. Specifically, we focus on software inspection, a proven method that can be applied to any software work product, long before executable code has been developed; Better communicating this effectiveness to software development teams, along with suggestions for parameters to improve in the future to increase effectiveness; Analyzing the impact of early life-cycle V&V on the effectiveness and cost required for late life-cycle V&V activities, such as testing, in order to make the tradeoffs more apparent. This white paper reports on an initial milestone in this work, the development of a preliminary model of inspection effectiveness across multiple NASA Centers. This model contributes toward reaching our project goals by: Allowing an examination of inspection parameters, across different types of projects and different work products, for an analysis of factors that impact defect detection effectiveness. Allowing a comparison of this NASA-specific model to existing recommendations in the literature regarding how to plan effective inspections. Forming a baseline model which can be extended to incorporate factors describing: the numbers and types of defects that are missed by inspections; how such defects flow downstream through software development phases; how effectively they can be caught by testing activities in the late stages of development. The model has been implemented in a prototype web-enabled decision-support tool which allows developers to enter their inspection data and receive feedback based on a comparison against the model. The tool also allows users to access reusable materials (such as checklists) from projects included in the baseline. Both the tool itself and the model underlying it will continue to be extended throughout the remainder of this initiative. As results of analyzing inspection effectiveness for defect containment are determined, they can be shared via the tool and also via updates to existing training courses on metrics and software inspections. Moreover, the tool will help satisfy key CMMI requirements for the NASA Centers, as it will enable NASA to take a global view across peer review results for various types of projects to identify systemic problems. This analysis can result in continuous improvements to the approach to verification.

Shull, Forrest↗

Navigation Sensor Technology Assessment Capability for Data-Driven Systems Analysis

The capability to assess the mission performance of novel navigation technologies from a systems-level approach and to provide quantitative results is crucial. With growing interest and innovations from NASA’s commercial partners, data-driven results that quantify the technological impact will guide research developments and facilitate stakeholder decision-making while requiring less time and resources. This paper presents a method to evaluate various sensor combinations and their impact on the overall system performance using an existing six degrees-of-freedom, physics-based engineering simulation for a government reference lunar lander as a testbed. Selected navigation technologies over various technology readiness levels, including Inertial Measurement Units, Navigation Doppler Lidar, and radar altimeter-radar velocimeter, were studied in this paper. Results using this testbed to perform sensitivity studies and to provide quantitative assessments are reported. One key finding is that there are diminishing returns for reducing sensor errors. The most influential sensor parameter to landing success are vehicle configuration and mission dependent. Results from this method could be used by stakeholders to make data-driven systems-based decisions and by technology developers as guidance for the specific parameter improvements that will have the most significant impact on mission success. This capability could be further used to assess alternative scenarios should one type of technology become unavailable or to re-assess initial assumptions and identify appropriate requirements from a system perspective.

Esther Lee↗

Improvement of cloud cover assessment of Landsat Thematic Mapper data

Various methods for cloud cover assessment of Landsat TM data are compared and evaluated. A total of 3906 TM 241-mm black-and-white photo prints of different seasons and regions were assessed manually. These images were mostly in band 4 (0.76-0.90 microns) for daytime data and band 6 (10.4-12.5 microns) for nighttime data. The results of this manual assessment are compared to available automated and manual assessments, and the differences between results obtained by various methods are discussed.

Ludwig, R.↗

NASA EOSDIS Data Usage Metrics- Insight and Assessment

NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) Project collects Earth science data usage metrics on a daily basis through the ESDIS Metrics System (EMS). This includes metrics on distribution of data products, users, data volumes, and number of files, which are key parameters in evaluating system-level performance of any of the Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) encompassed by NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Data and Information System (EOSDIS). EOSDIS data usage metrics illustrate the benefits of making NASA data openly available to the public and show a rapid growth in data distribution to a worldwide user community. In fact, each year since 2014 the EOSDIS has distributed over one billion data files of products from EOS satellite, airborne, and in situ observations. An assessment of the long-term trends of data usage metrics and user characterization provides insights into data usability.This study will focus on describing the EMS as a metrics collection tool and will provide a comprehensive analysis of EOSDIS data usage metrics over the last 10 years. This study will also characterize the product distribution metrics by various tools and services, such as Giovanni, the Open-source Project for a Network Data Access Protocol (OPeNDAP), and subsets, to address how these tools/services have extended the usage of data in the EOSDIS collection. Data usage patterns based on discipline and study area will further assist in understanding how EOSDIS data user needs have evolved over time. Results from this study will provide useful information for the DAACs that can help them improve the functionality of their tools and services as well as more efficiently allocate the resources necessary for enhanced access and availability of their data products. Knowledge of these metrics may also benefit user discovery of data in the EOSDIS collection, promote research collaboration, and stimulate new ideas from work and research conducted using specific datasets and data collections.

Kafle, Durga N.↗

A Million Person Study Innovation: Evaluating Cognitive Impairment and other Morbidity Outcomes from Chronic Radiation Exposure Through Linkages with the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services Assessment and Claims Data

Here, the study of One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans, the Million Person Study (MPS), examines the health consequences, both cancer and non-cancer, of exposure to ionizing radiation received gradually over time. Recently the MPS has focused on mortality patterns from neurological and behavioral conditions, e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and motor neuron disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A fuller picture of radiation-related late effects comes from studying both mortality and the occurrence (incidence) of conditions not leading to death. Accordingly, the MPS is identifying neurocognitive diagnoses from fee-for-service insurance claims from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), among Medicare beneficiaries beginning in 1999 (the earliest date claims data are available). Linkages to date have identified ∼540,000 workers with available health information. Such linkages provide individual information on important co-factor and confounding variables such as smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and many other health and demographic characteristics. The total person-level set of time-dependent variables, outcomes, organ-specific dose measures, co-factors, and demographics will be massive and much too large to be evaluated with standard software. Thus, development of specialized open-source software designed for large datasets (Colossus) is nearly complete. The wealth of information available from CMS claims data, coupled with individual dose reconstructions, will thus greatly enhance the quality and precision of health evaluations for this new field of low-dose radiation and neurocognitive effects.

Dauer, Lawrence T.↗

Airport Ground Support Equipment Infrastructure & Logistics Electrification Assessment Tool: 2025 Data Development, Modeling and Analysis for DFW

The aviation industry is increasingly turning to modernize freight facilities by integrating electric Ground Support Equipment (eGSE) to enhance operational efficiency of freight facility moving vehicles and equipment. Airports worldwide are adopting eGSE to streamline cargo movement, reduce fuel and maintenance costs, and improve logistics coordination.1 North America, with its advanced aviation infrastructure, leads this transition, leveraging Internet of things (IoT)-enabled automation and zero emission technologies to boost reliability and reduce human errors.2 Electrification of freight facility moving vehicles and equipment boosts turnaround times, improves equipment reliability, and optimizes logistics coordination, giving operators a competitive advantage. With rising fuel price volatility and the pressure to meet stringent performance benchmarks, airports are focusing on cost-effective, scalable solutions for long-term financial and operational gains. To further accelerate electrification, airports are integrating Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEVs) into rental car fleets and deploying electric baggage carts, requiring strategic investments in charging infrastructure. 3 The shift, however, presents challenges, such as limited technical expertise, high capital costs, and complex procurement processes. By forging strategic partnerships, leveraging advanced technologies, and optimizing infrastructure investments, airports can create a resilient, future-ready ecosystem that enhances the movement of people and goods through electrification-driven efficiency. Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO), this electrification effort provides a scalable, cost-effective solution to improve airport freight operations. Through targeted investments and innovation, airports enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and meet performance benchmarks while advancing toward a resilient, electrified future.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

Assess program: Interactive data management systems for airborne research

Two data systems were developed for use in airborne research. Both have distributed intelligence and are programmed for interactive support among computers and with human operators. The C-141 system (ADAMS) performs flight planning and telescope control functions in addition to its primary role of data acquisition; the CV-990 system (ADDAS) performs data management functions in support of many research experiments operating concurrently. Each system is arranged for maximum reliability in the first priority function, precision data acquisition.

Munoz, R. M.↗