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Results for “GASIFICATION”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Oxygen Production for Gasification

<span style="color: rgb(8, 7, 7);">Presentation on Task 5 for Gasification Virtual Project Review Meeting September 2-3, 2020</span>

Lekse, Jonathan↗
DOE OSTI2022

Combined hydrothermal liquefaction and catalytic hydrothermal gasification system and process for conversion of biomass feedstocks

A combined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system and process are described that convert various biomass-containing sources into separable bio-oils and aqueous effluents that contain residual organics. Bio-oils may be converted to useful bio-based fuels and other chemical feedstocks. Residual organics in HTL aqueous effluents may be gasified and converted into medium-BTU product gases and directly used for process heating or to provide energy.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Methane and methane-carbon dioxide activated synergystic biomass gasification for hydrogen rich syngas production

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to methods for biomass gasification to produce sustainable and renewable alternatives to fossil fuels including, but not limited to syngas having a high H2 content. The method can produce an H2/CO ratio close to 2:1, which is desirable for further chemical or transportation fuel synthesis. In another aspect, the methods disclosed herein have high yields and make use of agricultural and industrial waste (e.g., hardwood pellets and grain stovers) as starting materials. In a further aspect, the methods disclosed herein can produce useful byproducts including, but not limited to, carbon nanofibers (CNF). This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Hu, Jianli↗
DOE OSTI2026

Online LIBS–ML Framework for Dynamic Characterization of Heterogeneous Waste-Derived Gasification Feedstocks

LIBS−ML framework for real time feedstock characterization during continuous conveyor transport Heterogeneous waste derived feedstocks (e.g., waste coal, biomass and blends) introduce rapid variability in heating value and ash chemistry that affect gasifier operation, yet conventional laboratory characterization techniques are too slow to support proactive control. To address this gap, this study reports on an online, in situ, dynamic characterization framework that couple’s laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with leakage safe machine learning (ML) regression to deliver real time, decision quality predictions of gasifier relevant properties. A controlled sample matrix spanning two different waste coals, two different biomasses, and engineered blends under two particle size conditions were constructed and benchmarked using standardized laboratory analyses for proximate/ultimate properties and ash composition. LIBS spectra were acquired dynamically as material flowed on a conveyor belt, using high energy 1064 nm laser ablation and shot averaging to improve repeatability and precision. Supervised regression models (multi layer perceptron (MLP) /artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR)) and an optimized weighted ensemble were trained on emission line feature sets using nested cross validation with Bayesian hyperparameter tuning and validated against an independent hold out set. The proposed LIBS−ML workflow achieves near laboratory predictive fidelity across parametric targets (including higher heating value (HHV), ash content, fixed carbon, sulfur, major ash forming oxides, and initial deformation temperature (IDT)), with the weighted ensemble providing a robust default predictor under dynamic measurement conditions. These results demonstrate a practical pathway for real time feedstock characterization that can enable feedforward adjustments and more resilient gasifier operation for variable quality waste derived fuels.

Biomass↗
DOE OSTI2014

Biomass gasification for liquid fuel production

In our old fix-bed autothermal gasifier we tested wood chips and wood pellets. We make experiments for Czech company producing agro pellets - pellets made from agricultural waste and fastrenewable natural resources. We tested pellets from wheat and rice straw and hay. These materials can be very perspective, because they dońt compete with food production, they were formed in sufficient quantity and in the place of their treatment. New installation is composed of allothermal biomass fixed bed gasifier with conditioning and using produced syngas for Fischer - Tropsch synthesis. As a gasifying agent will be used steam. Gas purification will have two parts - separation of dust particles using a hot filter and dolomite reactor for decomposition of tars. In next steps, gas will be cooled, compressed and removed of sulphur and chlorine compounds and carbon dioxide. This syngas will be used for liquid fuel synthesis.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Final Technical Report: Plasma Arc Gasification Based Rare Earth Element Recovery from Coal Fly Ash

Southern Research, as the primary awardee, with sub-awardees ArcSec Technologies, LLC (ArcSec) and Reaction Engineering International (REI) have investigated a plasma arc based thermal process intended to concentrate rare earth elements (REE) from coal fly ash. Successful demonstration of the technology would contribute to the effort for realizing a competitive, domestic REE value chain thereby reducing U.S. dependence on foreign supply, maintaining national security interests, and creating opportunities for economic growth. The originally proposed concept included two technology options – 1) a smelting process and 2) a smelting plus vaporization and condensation process. For both options, coal fly ash would be smelted in a plasma arc heated furnace under reducing conditions to separate ash into molten slag and reduced metal (primarily iron) phases. During smelting, it was expected that the REE would also be reduced to metals and partition mostly to the iron phase. During the first year of work, sample coal ash feedstocks were acquired and characterized, feasibility of the smelting process was evaluated in bench-scale experiments, and the vaporization/condensation process was investigated through equilibrium and CFD modeling studies. From the feedstock characterization, REE content for the coal ash samples obtained was measured to be in the range of 302 – 1219 ppm with average at 537 ppm. Though it was successfully demonstrated that ash could be separated into slag and metal phases, the bench-scale experiments were only marginally successful at collecting REE in the metal phase. Producing REE concentrates near the DOE goal of 2%, however, has not been achieved. From the modeling studies, the vaporization/condensation process was predicted to be effective for separating individual REE and producing enriched metal fractions with total REE content higher than 2%, provided the smelting process performed as intended. Supplemental smelting experiments and thermodynamic modeling studies, conducted during the second year of work, indicated a number of technical modifications that could lead to producing higher REE concentrates from coal ash. The strategy shifted to reducing as much of the ash oxides to metals as possible, leaving the REE more concentrated in the remaining slag. Results from later experiments based on the modified approach showed improvements in REE recovery and concentration levels in smelted products. SEM-EDS analyses on product specimens showed agglomerations of reduced metal REE crystals at much larger length-scales as compared to REE content in raw ash.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2019

Low-cost Oxygen (LCO) for Small-scale Modular Gasification Systems

Development of a sorbent-based vacuum pressure swing adsorption oxygen production technology was undertaken. Newly developed perovskite ceramic sorbent materials have a higher O 2 adsorption capacity, lower operating temperatures (550-600 °C vs 800-850 °C), and an order of magnitude faster desorption rate than those used in earlier development efforts. These performance advancements lead to substantial savings in capital investment and operational costs. Cost of producing oxygen using the new sorbents can be considerably lower than a cryogenic air separation unit. Development of these new sorbents and design and fabrication of a pilot demonstration unit (PDU) encompassed lab-scale work, bench-scale testing and development, demonstration-scale sorbent manufacturing, procurement of plant components, and final assembly and testing of the PDU. The goal of the project was to develop an advanced oxygen production technology based on improved perovskite ceramic sorbents that results in significantly lower oxygen cost compared to commercial state of the art technologies. The pilot demonstration unit was constructed and operated, but the performance of the scaled-up sorbent and the PDU was hindered by the mechanical problems with the system. When the problems are accounted for, the results show that the PDU would be able to produce 95% oxygen at a rate exceeding one ton per day. The same mechanical problems also mean that the PDU system was not fully optimized, which would increase the productivity as well.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗
DOE OSTI2016

Market Survey of Municipal Solid Waste Gasification Technologies and Projects

At the request of the Air Force, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) surveyed available information on state-of-the-art waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. It found that the Air Force is not alone in its interest in advanced WTE technologies. Waste management authorities around the globe face challenges to landfilling municipal solid waste (MSW). Some of these organizations have conducted very thorough analyses of commercial and emerging technical options. Review of their research led PNNL to conclude that advanced WTE technologies are not sufficiently mature in the U.S. to provide a feasible, commercial WTE option for the Air Force. Equally important, this research suggests that a growing movement toward waste minimization may make future MSW supplies uncertain and transportation costs infeasible.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗