Balancing Autonomy and Dependance: Taiwan's Nuclear Conundrum
No abstract prepared.
98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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First JAM results on the determination of polarized parton distributions
The Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) collaboration is a new initiative aimed to the study of the angular-momentum-dependent structure of the nucleon. First results on the determination of spin-dependent parton distribution functions from world data on polarized deep-inelastic scattering will be presented and compared with previous determinations from other groups. Different aspects of global QCD analysis will be discussed, including effects due to nuclear structure, higher twist, and target-mass corrections, as well as the impact of different data selections.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
First JAM results on the determination of polarized parton distributions
The Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) Collaboration is a new initiative to study the angular momentum dependent structure of the nucleon. First results on the determination of spin-dependent parton distribution functions at intermediate and large x from world data on polarized deep-inelastic scattering are presented. Different aspects of global QCD analysis are discussed, including the effects of nuclear structure of deuterium and {sup 3}He targets, target mass corrections and higher twist contributions to the g{sub 1} and g{sub 2} structure functions.
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
Argonne OutLoud: "Climate Change: Fact, Fiction and What You Can Do"
Research meteorologist Doug Sisterson discusses climate change and the cutting-edge research taking place at Argonne as well as collaborative research with other institutions, including the University of Chicago.
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
First JAM results on the determination of polarized parton distributions
The Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) collaboration is a new initiative aimed at the study of the angular-momentum-dependent structure of the nucleon. First results on the determination of spin-dependent parton distribution functions from world data on polarized deep-inelastic scattering will be presented and compared with previous determinations from other groups. Different aspects of global QCD analysis will be discussed, including effects due to the nuclear structure of deuteron and Helium targets, target-mass corrections and higher twist contributions to the g1 structure function as well as the g2 structure function.
Jimenez-Delgado, Pedro↗
Taming the Wild World of Management, Performance and Communication - 13459
Management has evolved a long way from its original meaning of 'governing a horse'. The industrial revolution fostered 'scientific management'; 1930's Hawthorne studies discovered that people's social interactions could alter productivity; and the dawn of the computer age in the post-war 1950's brought general systems theory into management thinking. Today, mobile wireless connectivity aims to transform ever-changing networks of players, mandates, and markets into something that can be 'managed'. So why is there no clear and simple recipe for how to practice management? We talk about financial management, safety management, and operations management, but surely the 'management' part of those endeavors will share the same set of practices. Instead, we are still arguing for 'management' to include everything from developing people to negotiating contracts. A manager's job may include many things, but one of them, the job of management, needs to be nailed down. Three standard practices for managing in a network are developed: (a) support the dialogues that connect people vital to accomplishing a goal or objective; (b) develop and sustain the scoreboards that serve as a road-map to reach the goal; and (c) control the feedback to 'govern the horse'. These three practices are useful for more than reaching goals, as they also support coordinating across boundaries and running productive meetings. The dialogues for productive relationships, scoreboards for goals and deliverables, and feedback for performance together constitute a recipe for managing in a networked world. (authors)
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
Radioactive Waste Management at the New Conversion Facility of 'TVEL'{sup R} Fuel Company - 13474
The project on the new conversion facility construction is being implemented by Joint Stock Company (JSC) 'Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises' (SGChE) within TVEL{sup R} Fuel Company. The objective is to construct the up-to-date facility ensuring the industrial and environmental safety with the reduced impact on the community and environment in compliance with the Russian new regulatory framework on radioactive waste (RW) management. The history of the SGChE development, as well as the concepts and approaches to RW management implemented by now are shown. The SGChE future image is outlined, together with its objectives and concept on RW management in compliance with the new act 'On radioactive waste management' adopted in Russia in 2011. Possible areas of cooperation with international companies are discussed in the field of RW management with the purpose of deploying the best Russian and world practices on RW management at the new conversion facility. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
The Use of Legally-Imposed and Locally-Negotiated Incentive Approaches in the Siting of Nuclear Waste Management Facilities: Comparing Stakeholders' Views in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovenia - 13534
The purpose here is to contribute to the discussion surrounding the use of community benefits (also known as added value) in radioactive waste facility siting programmes. These are becoming more widely used following a series of programme failures around the world, due in the main to a lack of local involvement. A number of different models for the use of community benefits and why they may or may not assist a siting process exist in the literature, based on either a voluntary market approach or one involving coercion by a state authority or developer. Review of real-life examples suggests that two main approaches to the use of benefits exist, a 'legally-mandated' approach where details are laid down in legislation, and a 'locally-negotiated' approach where the details are agreed by the parties through discussions. As part of the European Commission supported IPPA project (Implementing Public Participation Approaches in Radioactive Waste Disposal), stakeholder groups in three participant countries, the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovenia, all of which currently utilise the 'legally-mandated' approach to the provision of community benefits, were invited to respond to a series of questions designed to explore their attitudes and thoughts about the two approaches and related issues such as trust in the institutions and the legal framework. Some initial results and conclusions are presented, although this work is continuing and will be reported at the end of the IPPA project in 2013. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Development of Approach for Long-Term Management of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources - 13630
Radioactive sources are used widely throughout the world in a variety of medical, industrial, research and military applications. When such radioactive sources are no longer used and are not intended to be used for the practice for which an authorization was granted, they are designated as 'disused sources'. Whether appropriate controls are in place during the useful life of a source or not, the end of this useful life is often a turning point after which it is more difficult to ensure the safety and security of the source over time. For various reasons, many disused sources cannot be returned to the manufacturer or the supplier for reuse or recycling. When these attempts fail, disused sources should be declared as radioactive waste and should be managed as such, in compliance with relevant international legal instruments and safety standards. However, disposal remains an unresolved issue in many counties, due to in part to limited public acceptance, insufficient funding, and a lack of practical examples of strategies for determining suitable disposal options. As a result, disused sources are often stored indefinitely at the facilities where they were once used. In order to prevent disused sources from becoming orphan sources, each country must develop and implement a comprehensive waste management strategy that includes disposal of disused sources. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) fosters international cooperation between countries and encourages the development of a harmonized 'cradle to grave' approach to managing sources consistent with international legal instruments, IAEA safety standards, and international good practices. This 'cradle to grave' approach requires the development of a national policy and implementing strategy, an adequate legal and regulatory framework, and adequate resources and infrastructure that cover the entire life cycle, from production and use of radioactive sources to disposal. (authors)
07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
Memory Saves Lives: Inter-generational Warnings Effectiveness - 13556
The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami was a world-class natural disaster. It has been described as the most powerful earthquake ever in Japan, and as one of the most powerful earthquakes ever noted in the world. The toll in terms of human lives lost and property destruction was unimaginable. Even the word 'horrible' is inadequate to describe the suffering and misery that resulted. Nations with nuclear power programs are engaged in, or at least planning to become engaged in, arranging to eventually dispose of their higher-level radioactive waste materials in deep geologic repositories. Geologic repositories are passive safety systems, and if undisturbed isolate these dangerous materials form the biosphere for extremely long times. The key words, however, are 'if undisturbed'. To assure that future generations do not inadvertently drill into repositories, national programs, and the international community (the Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK and M) preservation project of the Nuclear Energy Agency, for example), are proposing to place markers and/or monuments on closed repository sites that say 'do not drill here, and this is why' in various sophisticated ways. Such markers or monuments are attempts at providing passive institutional controls. The effectiveness of messages from past generations to a present generation may give an indication of how effective such passive institutional controls may be. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Sensitivity analysis of synergistic collaborative scenarios towards sustainable nuclear energy systems
The paper presents results of the study on the role of collaboration among countries towards sustainable global nuclear energy systems. The study explores various market shares for nuclear fuel cycle services, possible scale of collaboration among countries and assesses benefits and issues relevant for collaboration between suppliers and users of nuclear fuel cycle services. The approach used in the study is based on a heterogeneous world model with grouping of the non-personified nuclear energy countries according to different nuclear fuel cycle policies. The methodology applied in the analysis allocates a fraction of future global nuclear energy generation to each of such country-groups as a function of time. The sensitivity studies performed show the impacts of the group shares on the scope of collaboration among countries and on the resulting possible reactor mix and nuclear fuel cycle infrastructure versus time. The study quantitatively demonstrates that the synergistic approach to nuclear fuel cycle has a significant potential for offering a win-win collaborative strategy to both, technology holders and technology users on their joint way to future sustainable nuclear energy systems. The study also highlights possible issues on such a collaborative way. (authors)
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Stop managing people, start managing agreements - 15081
One definition of management in business and organizations is: 'the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively'. Unfortunately, what it takes to coordinate (literally, to create order together) is beyond the scope of today's management tools. The top five management tools in the world, according to a Bain 2013 survey, are: Strategic Planning; Customer Relationship Management; Employee Engagement Surveys; Benchmarking; and Balanced Scorecard. These are useful tools in business and organizations, but do not help managers coordinate the complex performance networks of agreements with resource providers, team members, and internal and external user-customers and authorities required to accomplish group or organizational goals. How do we manage such a network? While coordination is increasingly necessary in today's world of work, it is also a much neglected area of serious study because it is, almost literally, an invisible phenomenon. We can observe people inside groups, as well as their activities and results, but coordination is a product of managing what is going on between groups, not inside them. The challenge is making that in-between visible and actionable, not just 'white space'. A solution: define a Team's performance as agreements - and deliveries on the agreements - for products, services, and communications - the things moving between a Team and its immediate circle of resource providers, customers, and authorities relevant to a goal. This approach has been shown to reduce operational costs while also increasing team members' recognition of their interdependent responsibilities. Managers and Team leaders can then turn any Team goal into an opportunity for accomplishment in three steps: 1. Define 'performance' in terms of deliverable products, services, and communications for every goal; 2. Keep performance status current and visible to all team members; and 3. Debrief and update performance status routinely. Teamwork and engagement in goal accomplishment require a focus on Sender-Receiver agreements, productive communication, and timely and accurate status-tracking and feedback. Sustaining the context for accomplishment is not about managing people - it requires supporting coordination for the network of agreements in which people operate. (authors)
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Discussion on the merits of deep borehole disposal, especially with recycling - 15389
With the continued global expansion of the nuclear industry, disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high level waste (HLW) continues to be a largely unimplemented (but extensively studied) activity throughout the world and can continue to do so due to the safe practices of 'interim' SNF/used nuclear fuel (UNF) and HLW storage. However as the industry continues to operate and expand in both existing and new countries, the accumulated SNF/UNF and HLW will continue to grow in both quantity and locations across the globe; hence, requiring more effort to control and monitor. Countries with nuclear power programs, or are considering starting nuclear power programs, must consider the potential financial and the engineering burden associated with both the interim storage and the disposal of SNF/UNF and HLW produced by these programs: can the cost of disposal be reasonably captured in the cost of electricity produced from nuclear programs and are there suitable sites for disposal in their country, such as a mined-geologic site, for the expected accumulated quantity of SNF and HLW? Answering these questions may be particularly vexing for countries with small nuclear programs where establishing viable disposal sites for SNF and HLW and funding of the development of these sites may be a challenge. In an effort to establish an alternative to traditional, expensive, mined-geologic disposal sites, the deep borehole option has been (re-)considered by multiple countries and entities to be a relatively simple solution to disposal of SNF and HLW. However, disposal of SNF in deep boreholes must overcome several issues including: (1) limiting-sized borehole diameters; (2) limited ability for retrieval; and (3) potential hang-up issues associated with lowering longer (e.g., > 180 inches) canisters down into a deep borehole. Since most SNF is a resource when recycled (i.e., UNF) and to dispose of it in an irretrievable manner would be wasteful, a more optimal alternative that could overcome these issues and maximize the benefits of the UNF is to recycle the UNF and dispose of the resulting HLW into deep boreholes. The multiple and mutual benefits of this approach are elucidated in this paper. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
How Web-based GIS was used in waste disposal option discussions to develop a better recommendation - 15421
Arriving at a consensus from individuals or parties who look at the world from varying perspectives often involves compromises. For the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion (PGDP) site, the need to compromise has become readily apparent when trying to look at the big picture from the viewpoint of a project engineer, Department of Energy (DOE) official, politician, public citizen, economic development official, or environmental regulator to name a few. Each interested party has its own wishes and desires as it pertains to a particular outcome for a project, area, or the overall site end-state vision. The Paducah Citizens Advisory Board (CAB) is using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool to help illustrate the intricacies of the PGDP site. This picture allows all parties the opportunity see how DOE Environmental Management (EM) cleanup decisions will affect the greater community by defining the spatial context of the issue in which all parties are interested. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Solutions and Challenges Posed by the Increasing Use of Technology Within the Nuclear Industry - 18023
Whereas the increasing influence of technology within the nuclear industry can be seen by many as providing significant advancements and solutions across many areas of the sector - it can also be seen to conversely represent a considerable number of challenges. Unlike the well-publicised technological advancements that have accelerated both operations and decommissioning at nuclear facilities around the world, the challenges that technology have brought to the nuclear industry are either not fully understood or have yet to be entirely assessed. One of the greatest technological benefits to the nuclear industry exists from the increased use of robotic technologies - specifically unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems and other autonomous platforms, as part of routine and emergency site monitoring. The use of this technology by other (unauthorised) parties, however, represents a significant challenge, and one that has yet to be fully un-assessed. Other technologies, their advantages and challenges within the nuclear industry, discussed in this work include the potential / growing use of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) systems and the 'Internet of Things' (IoT). (authors)
22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
Global Review of Site Suitability Conditions for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste - 18136
The long-term safety of radioactive waste disposal is based on two key principles: (i) containment of the waste until the radioactivity has decreased to negligible levels, and (ii) the isolation of the waste packages in stable conditions that are conducive to maintaining the integrity of the containment for as long as required. In this paper, we review disposal site suitability criteria based on international best practices from geological disposal studies in crystalline and argillaceous rocks. Adopting social acceptability criteria in addition to safety-related criteria has been shown to be pivotal in obtaining community support. The reviewed criteria may be used as a guide to develop future site selection criteria for disposal of Australian intermediate level waste streams that are incompatible with surface disposal. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
Constructing Memory Through Artistic Practices - 18197
I have been investigating radioactive waste sites internationally since 1994, analyzing how this archaeological stratum of the 21. century can be read in the landscape. Over more than twenty years of work this research has led me to visit several sites around the world. My focus has become the identification of the disposal sites in the landscape, as well as finding ways to pass on memory. Reports on Disposal Sites and Exhibitions: - Dessel, Belgium - exhibition at De Markten, Brussels; - Sacavem, Portugal - participation to the World Exhibition in Lisbon; - El Cabril, Spain - workshop at the University of Bilbao; - Angra dos Reis, Brazil - exhibition at Centre cultural Puc, Rio de Janeiro; - Rokkasho Mura, Japan - exhibition at gallery Gen, Tokyo; - Soulaines D'Huys, France - exhibition at art gallery Cours Carree, Paris; - CSM, Beaumont-Hague, France - exhibition at the House of Culture in Tournai, Belgium; - Fortsmark, Sweden - exhibition at 340 Muzeum, Brussels; - Cnesten Maamora, Morocco - exhibition at Villa des Arts, Casablanca; - Bhabha Atomic Research, Trombay, India - I was allowed to visit it but it was forbidden to make photographs or drawings. (authors)
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
{sup 99}Mo Production at KIPT Neutron Source Facility
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) have cooperated on the construction of the Neutron Source Facility (NSF) at KIPT, Kharkov (Ukraine). The NSF facility consists of an electron accelerator driven system (ADS) generating 300 kW of thermal power for multiple applications, including medical isotope production. ANL performed extensive analyses including medical isotopes production, reactivity monitoring, operations and control, refueling, cold neutron source design, target design,and radiation shielding. The present study focuses on the use of the KIPT NSF for medical isotope production. Medical isotopes are radioactive isotopes with short half-lives used in diagnostic and therapeutic medical procedures. For example, brain cancer is difficult to treat by ordinary surgery and only brachytherapy with {sup 131}Cs, which has 9.7 days half-life, has shown effective results on the patients. {sup 99m}Tc is the most common medical isotope used in medical diagnoses because the wavelength of its gamma radiation (8.8 pm) is about the same as the conventional X-ray diagnostic devices. {sup 99m}Tc has 6 hours half-life, therefore it cannot be stored because it decays into {sup 99}Tc. The parent of {sup 99m}Tc is {sup 99}Mo, which has 66 hours half-life. Consequently, the delivery of {sup 99m}Tc occurs through shipping {sup 99}Mo samples to the medical facilities. The Neutron Source Facility of KIPT is the first ADS in the world operating at non-zero power and allows producing several isotopes for medical applications. The total power of the facility is about 300 kW, including ∼200 kW from fission reactions. The construction of the NSF has been already completed and operations will start during year 2016. After 20 irradiation days, {sup 82}Br, {sup 64}Cu, {sup 165}Dy, {sup 166}Ho, {sup 192}Ir, {sup 194}Ir, {sup 186}Re, {sup 188}Re and {sup 153}Sm have specific activities, larger than 100 MBq/mg without taking into account the self-shielding effect and therefore they are good candidates for production. The self-shielding effect plays an important role for all nuclide parents that have a large microscopic capture cross section. This effect reduces the reaction rate and therefore the specific activity. For instance, the analyses of molybdenum trioxide (MoO{sub 3}) irradiation samples have shown that the self-shielding effect may reduce the specific activity by a factor 1.4. The metallic form of natural molybdenum produces a higher specific activity, relative to the trioxide form. Analyses on the 6-day Ci {sup 99}Mo activity have shown that is possible to perform between 40 to 310 {sup 99m}Tc medical procedures per MoO{sub 3} irradiation week. The number of medical procedures depends on the diagnosed organ and the weight of the patient. (authors)
07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗