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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1981

Electron scattering by highly polar molecules. III - CsCl

Utilizing a crossed electron-beam-molecular-beam scattering geometry, relative values of differential electron scattering cross sections for cesium chloride at 5 and 20 eV electron impact energies and at scattering angles between 10 and 120 deg have been measured. These relative cross sections have been normalized to the cross section at 15 deg scattering angle calculated by the hybrid S-matrix technique. In the angular range between 0 and 10 deg and between 120 and 180 deg extrapolations have been made to obtain integral and momentum transfer cross sections. An energy-loss spectrum is also presented which gives various spectral features lying between the 4 and 10 eV regions in CsCl.

Vuskovic, L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Elastic scattering of electrons from SO2

A crossed electron beam-molecular beam scattering geometry and the relative-flow technique are used to measure the ratios of the elastic differential cross sections of SO2 to those of He at electron impact energies of 12, 20, 50, 100, 150, and 200 eV. At each energy, an angular range of 15-150 deg is covered. The ratios are multiplied by previously known He elastic differential cross sections to obtain elastic differential cross sections for SO2. Integral and momentum transfer cross sections are then determined from a knowledge of differential cross sections. With the aid of the two-potential theory of e-molecule scattering, calculations are also performed and compared with the measurements.

Orient, O. J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Cross sections for direct and dissociative ionization of NH3 and CS2 by electron impact

A crossed electron beam-molecular beam collision geometry is used to measure cross sections for the production of positive ions by electron impact on NH3 and CS2. Ionization cross-section data for NH3 and the values of various cross sections are presented, as well as ionization efficiency curves for CS2. Considerable differences are found between the various results on NH3. The present values are close to the data of Djuric et al. (1981). The semiempirical calculations of Hare and Meath (1987) differ considerably in the absolute values of cross sections. Discrepancies were observed in comparisons of cross sections of other fragment ions resulting from the ionization and dissociate ionization of NH3.

Rao, M. V. V. S.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Dissociative attachment of electrons with Si2H6

Cross-sections for the production of negative ion fragments by electron attachment to Si2H6 and ion pair formation from it have been measured by utilizing the crossed electron beam-molecular beam collision technique. The negative ions are mass-analyzed by employing a quadrupole mass spectrometer. There are serious disagreements between the present and two previously published results. In the present paper cross-section values, appearance potentials, and the various channels of dissociation for the formation of negative monosilane fragments are presented.

Krishnakumar, E.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Cross-sections for electron impact ionization of O2

Using a crossed electron beam-molecular beam collision geometry and the relative flow technique measurements have been made to generate a uniform set of electron impact ionization cross-section data for O2 for electron impact energies from threshold to 1000 eV. Present values of total, partial and dissociative ionization cross-sections are compared with previously published data. Cross-sections for the formation of O2(+) from O2 have been measured for the first time.

Krishnakumar, E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Excitation of sodium D-line radiation in collisions of sodium atoms with internally excited H2, D2 and N2.

Excitation of D-line radiation in collisions of Na atoms with vibrationally excited N2, H2, and D2 was studied in two modulated crossed-beam experiments. In both experiments, the molecular excitation was provided by heating the molecular beam to temperatures which were assumed to give populations corresponding to the Boltzmann distribution. In the first experiment, a total rate coefficient was measured as a function of molecular beam temperature. The second experiment achieved partial separation of internal vs kinetic energy transfer effects by using a velocity-selected molecular beam. The data from both experiments were used to determine parameters for the dependence of the transfer cross section upon the kinetic energy for a given change in the vibrational quantum number. Results indicate that most of the Na excitation energy comes from internal vibrational energy, with the remainder coming from kinetic energy.

Krause, H. F.↗
NASA NTRS1996

Understanding gas-surface interactions from direct force measurements using a specialized torsion balance

The first comprehensive measurements of the magnitude and direction of the forces exerted on surfaces by molecular beams are discussed and used to obtain information about the microscopic properties of the gas-surface interactions. This unique approach is not based on microscopic measurements of the scattered molecules. The reduced force coefficients are introduced as a new set of parameters that completely describe the macroscopic average momentum transfer to a surface by an incident molecular beam. By using a specialized torsion balance and molecular beams of N2, CO, CO2, and H2, the reduced force coefficients are determined from direct measurements of the force components exerted on surface of a solar panel array material, Kapton, SiO2-coated Kapton, and Z-93 as a function of the angle of incidence ranging from 0 degrees to 85 degrees. The absolute flux densities of the molecular beams were measured using a different torsion balance with a beam-stop that nullified the force of the scattered molecules. Standard time-of-flight techniques were used to determine the flux-weighted average velocities of the various molecular beams ranging from 1600 m/s to 4600 m/s. The reduced force coefficients can be used to directly obtain macroscopic average properties of the scattered molecules, such as the flux-weighted average velocity and translational energy, that can then be used to determine microscopic details concerning gas-surface interactions without the complications associated with averaging microscopic measurements.

Measuring Methods↗
NASA NTRS1978

Electron scattering by highly polar molecules. II - LiF

The crossed electron-beam - molecular-beam scattering technique has been used to measure relative values of differential 'elastic' scattering cross sections at electron impact energies of 5.4 and 20 eV for the angular range from 20 to 130 deg. The absolute values of these cross sections have been obtained by normalization to the classical perturbation theory of Dickinson (1977) at a scattering angle of 40 deg. These differential cross sections have then been used to calculate the integral and momentum-transfer cross sections. An energy-loss spectrum at 100 eV electron impact energy and 15 deg scattering angle has also been obtained. Two weak features at the energy losses of 6.74 and 8.82 eV appear. Their energy positions are compared with the recent calculations of Kahn et al. (1974).

Vuskovic, L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Comments on containerless bulk crystal growth and epitaxy in space and on their implications regarding non-contact temperature measurements

Containerless methods are sought for bulk crystal growth and epitaxy which thus far are a less visible component of materials science in space efforts. In the opinion of the author, this is an anomaly which ought to be corrected, because container interactions are a major problem in earth bound materials processing, including crystal growth, and can be avoided or at least significantly reduced in space. The space environment is unique in solving some of these problems, e.g., memory effects in the integration of different classes of materials in high resolution multilayer heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy or organometallic molecular beam epitaxy. Spectroscopic method of noncontact temperature measurements exist that could be developed in this context. The error in the absolute temperature measurement achieved by these techniques decreases with decreasing substrate temperature and supplements pyrometric measurements that are better suited for high temperature measurements.

Bachmann, Klaus J.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Electron-impact ionization and electron attachment cross sections of radicals important in transient gaseous discharges

Electron-impact ionization and electron attachment cross sections of radicals and excited molecules were measured using an apparatus that consists of an electron beam, a molecular beam and a laser beam. The information obtained is needed for the pulse power applications in the areas of high power gaseous discharge switches, high energy lasers, particle beam experiments, and electromagnetic pulse systems. The basic data needed for the development of optically-controlled discharge switches were also investigated. Transient current pulses induced by laser irradiation of discharge media were observed and applied for the study of electron-molecule reaction kinetics in gaseous discharges.

Lee, Long C.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Ionization cross-sections for the production of positive ions from H2O by electron impact

Water is present in the atmospheres of 6 of the 9 planets. Cross section values for the direct and partial ionization of H2O by electron impact have been measured and compared with previously published data. The present measurements have been carried out from thresholds to 1 KeV by utilizing a crossed electron beam and molecular beam collision geometry and an improved ion extraction technique.

planetary atmospheres↗
NASA NTRS1972

Excitation of Na D-line radiation in collisions of sodium atoms with internally excited H2, D2, and N2

Excitation of D-line radiation in collisions of Na atoms with vibrationally excited N2, H2 and D2 was studied in two modulated crossed beam experiments. In both experiments, the vibrational excitation of the molecules was provided by heating the molecular beam source to temperatures in the range of 2000 to 3000 K, which was assumed to give populations according to the Boltzmann expression. In the first experiment, a total rate coefficient was measured as a function of molecular beam temperature, with absolute calibration of the photon detector being made using the black body radiation from the heated molecular beam source. Since heating affects both the internal energy and the collisional kinetic energy, the first experiment could not determine the relative contributions of internal energy transfer versus collisional excitation. The second experiment achieved partial separation of internal versus kinetic energy transfer effects by using a velocity-selected molecular beam. Using two simple models for the kinetic energy dependence of the transfer cross section for a given change in vibrational quantum number, the data from both experiments were used to determine parameters in the models.

Krause, H. F.↗
NASA NTRS1966

Omegatron studies of a skimmed beam system.

Continuum source molecular beam facility, examining effect of source-skimmer distance variation on flux and spatial distribution of beam in collimation chamber downstream

MOLECULAR BEAM↗
NASA NTRS1995

Double-Knudsen-Cell Apparatus Measures Alloy-Component Activities

Double-Knudsen-cell apparatus provides molecular beam from selected one of two Knudsen cells. Both cells maintained at same temperature. Molecular beam directed into mass spectrometer for measurement of vapor pressure of selected material component. Designed to minimize undesired thermal gradients, provides appropriate translation to place selected cell in position for sampling, and minimizes mixing of molecular beams from cells.

Jacobson, Nathan S.↗
NASA NTRS2006

Coating MCPs with AlN and GaN

A development effort underway at the time of reporting the information for this article is devoted to increasing the sensitivity of microchannel plates (MCPs) as detectors of photons and ions by coating the MCPs with nitrides of elements in period III of the periodic table. Conventional MCPs are relatively insensitive to slowly moving, large-mass ions for example, ions of biomolecules under analysis in mass spectrometers. The idea underlying this development is to coat an MCP to reduce its work function (decrease its electron affinity) in order to increase both (1) the emission of electrons in response to impingement of low-energy, large-mass ions and (2) the multiplying effect of secondary electron emission. Of particular interest as coating materials having appropriately low or even negative electron affinities are gallium nitride, aluminum nitride, and ternary alloys of general composition Al(x)Ga(1-x)N (where 0<x<1). These materials exhibit attractively high degrees of chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability plus acceptably high resistance to sputtering. The electron-excitation cross sections of these materials are expected to exceed those of several other materials (including diamond) that are, variously, in use or under development for the same purpose. Moreover, by doping these materials with silicon, one can render them partly electrically conductive, thereby suppressing the undesired accumulation of electric charge that could otherwise occur during bombardment by ions. For experiments, thin films of AlN and GaN both undoped and doped with Si were deposited on commercial MCPs by radio-frequency molecular-beam epitaxy (also known as plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy) at temperatures <200 C. This deposition technique is particularly suitable because (1) MCPs cannot withstand the higher deposition-substrate temperatures used to decompose constituent compounds in some other deposition techniques and (2) in this technique, the constituent Al, Ga, and N are supplied in elemental form, so that there is no need for thermal decomposition at the substrate surface. The nitride films thus formed were, variously, amorphous or polycrystalline. The nitride films were coated with surface layers of gold <100 thick. The MCPs were tested in a standard configuration in which the output stage of a first MCP was coupled to the input stage of a second MCP. Each pair of MCPs was mounted in a standard holder that included front and back contact rings and an anode for collecting the output electrons of the second MCP. The MCP pairs were biased at potentials between 1.7 and 1.9 kV, and count rates measured after preamplification and discrimination. To enable a direct comparison, in one pair, the second MCP was uncoated while the first MCP was coated over half its surface. The coated and uncoated sides of the half-coated MCP were exposed to fluxes of argon ions at kinetic energies of 1.0 and 0.5 keV. At 1.0 keV, the count rate for the coated side was about 2.3 times greater than that for the uncoated side; at 0.5 keV, the count rate for the coated side was about 1.8 times greater than that for the uncoated side.

Bensaoula, Abdelhakim↗