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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Design and implementation of a real-time underwater acoustic telemetry system for fish behavior study and environmental sensing

Underwater acoustic telemetry is an important tool for studying the behavior of aquatic animals and assessing the environmental impact of man-made structures such as water power turbines. However, current design of the acoustic telemetry system lacks the ability to transmit collected data continuously in real-time and requires manual retrieval of the recorded measurements, leading to a long delay of data retrieval, high operational cost associated with manpower as well as safety risk for the operators. In addition, there is no efficient way to monitor the status of the acoustic telemetry system, including acoustic transmitters and receivers. For example, if multiple receivers in an array fail, the detection efficiency could be significantly reduced. Herein, we developed a cloud-based, real-time underwater acoustic telemetry system that can be used to estimate behavior or survival of tagged aquatic animals and monitor environmental parameters in near-real-time (< 2 hours). The system incorporates microcontrollers and integrated circuits to create real-time data communication and processing units with a cloud-based service that processes the transmitted data stream to derive behavior and survival information of the tagged animals.

Yang, Yang↗
NASA NTRS1966

Satellite and space probe telemetry.

Space modulation systems characteristics, considering data flow rate, spacecraft weight and power, antenna gain, noise figure, etc

SPACE COMMUNICATION↗
NASA NTRS1999

Lightweight Battery Charge Regulator Used to Track Solar Array Peak Power

A battery charge regulator based on the series-connected boost regulator (SCBR) technology has been developed for high-voltage spacecraft applications. The SCBR regulates the solar array power during insolation to prevent battery overcharge or undercharge conditions. It can also be used to provide regulated battery output voltage to spacecraft loads if necessary. This technology uses industry-standard dc-dc converters and a unique interconnection to provide size, weight, efficiency, fault tolerance, and modularity benefits over existing systems. The high-voltage SCBR shown in the photograph has demonstrated power densities of over 1000 watts per kilogram (W/kg). Using four 150-W dc-dc converter modules, it can process 2500 W of power at 120 Vdc with a minimum input voltage of 90 Vdc. Efficiency of the SCBR was 94 to 98 percent over the entire operational range. Internally, the unit is made of two separate SCBR s, each with its own analog control circuitry, to demonstrate the modularity of the technology. The analog controllers regulate the output current and incorporate the output voltage limit with active current sharing between the two units. They also include voltage and current telemetry, on/off control, and baseplate temperature sensors. For peak power tracking, the SCBR was connected to a LabView-based data acquisition system for telemetry and control. A digital control algorithm for tracking the peak power point of a solar array was developed using the principle of matching the source impedance with the load impedance for maximum energy transfer. The algorithm was successfully demonstrated in a simulated spacecraft electrical system at the Boeing PhantomWorks High Voltage Test Facility in Seattle, Washington. The system consists of a 42-string, high-voltage solar array simulator, a 77-cell, 80-ampere-hour (A-hr) nickel-hydrogen battery, and a constant power-load module. The SCBR and the LabView control algorithm successfully tracked the solar array peak power point through various load transients, including sunlight discharge transients when the total load exceeded the maximum solar array output power.

Soeder, James F.↗
NASA NTRS2022

Qualification and Performance of a High-Efficiency Laser Transmitter for Deep-Space Optical Communications

A high-power Laser Transmitter Assembly (LTA) was developed to support the Deep Space Optical Communications (DSOC) technology demonstration being developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA’s Psyche Mission plans to host the DSOC flight subsystem for testing space-to-ground high-bandwidth laser communications en route to the 16 Psyche asteroid. We review the design, performance, and qualification of the LTA Engineering Model and Flight Model (EM and FM) delivered to JPL. The LTA uses a master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) design and delivers up to 4.5 W at 1550 nm, with a highly efficient, cladding-pumped, polarization-maintaining erbium-ytterbium fiber amplifier. The master oscillator generates a range of pulse widths and repetition rates to support modulation formats from 16- to 128-PPM for optical data transmission at >100 Mbps. The LTA was designed for high reliability and radiation hardness, and includes redundant signal and pumping paths to reduce single points of failure, hardware interlocks to ensure safe operation and protection against damage, closed-loop control of optical power, and detailed health and status via telemetry. The LTA EM and FM were subjected to unit-appropriate space qualification testing. We describe the performance testing of the EM and FM, for the characterization of key metrics such as wavelength stability, signal linewidth, optical pulse width, jitter, and extinction ratio, and polarization extinction ratio. The management of optical nonlinearities (self-phase modulation, Brillouin scattering, or pulse-to-pulse energy variation), which could result in an optical link penalty or damage to the LTA, is also detailed, and factors affecting the power efficiency are discussed.

Jaques, J.↗
DOE OSTI2012

Determine the Influence of Time Held in “Knockdown” Anesthesia on Survival and Stress of Surgically Implanted Juvenile Salmonids

The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) was developed for the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Portland District (USACE) to address questions related to survival and performance measures of juvenile salmonids as they pass through the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS). Researchers using JSATS acoustic transmitters (ATs) were tasked with standardizing the surgical implantation procedure to ensure that the stressors of handling and surgery on salmonids were consistent and less likely to cause effects of tagging in survival studies. Researchers questioned whether the exposure time in 'knockdown' anesthesia (or induction) to prepare fish for surgery could influence the survival of study fish (CBSPSC 2011). Currently, fish are held in knockdown anesthesia after they reach Stage 4 anesthesia until the completion of the surgical implantation of a transmitter, varies from 5 to 15 minutes for studies conducted in the Columbia Basin. The Columbia Basin Surgical Protocol Steering Committee (CBSPSC ) expressed concern that its currently recommended 10-minute maximum time limit during which fish are held in anesthetic - tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222, 80 mg L-1 water) - could increase behavioral and physiological costs, and/or decrease survival of outmigrating juvenile salmonids. In addition, the variability in the time fish are held at Stage 4 could affect the data intended for direct comparison of fish within or among survival studies. Under the current recommended protocol, if fish exceed the 10-minute time limit, they are to be released without surgical implantation, thereby increasing the number of fish handled and endangered species 'take' at the bypass systems for FCRPS survival studies.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
NASA NTRS1972

Interplex: An analysis of optimized power allocations for two and three channel PSK/PM telecommunications systems

Optimal design concepts are presented for two- and three-channel telemetry modes in the context of the Mariner Venus-Mercury 1973 mission and the usefulness of interplex modulation techniques is discussed. These ideas are applied as an example to one Mariner Venus-Mercury 1973 telemetry mode to demonstrate that interplex can reduce the required total average power by more than 2 dB in some cases.

Levitt, B. K.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Development of a Power Electronics Unit for the Space Station Plasma Contactor

A hollow cathode plasma contactor has been baselined as a charge control device for the Space Station (SS) to prevent deleterious interactions of coated structural components with the ambient plasma. NASA LeRC Work Package 4 initiated the development of a plasma contactor system comprised of a Power Electronics Unit (PEU), an Expellant Management Unit (EMU), a command and data interface, and a Plasma Contactor Unit (PCU). A breadboard PEU was designed and fabricated. The breadboard PEU contains a cathode heater and discharge power supply, which were required to operate the PCU, a control and auxiliary power converter, an EMU interface, a command and telemetry interface, and a controller. The cathode heater and discharge supplies utilized a push-pull topology with a switching frequency of 20 kHz and pulse-width-modulated (PWM) control. A pulse ignition circuit derived from that used in arcjet power processors was incorporated in the discharge supply for discharge ignition. An 8088 based microcontroller was utilized in the breadboard model to provide a flexible platform for controller development with a simple command/data interface incorporating a direct connection to SS Mulitplexer/Demultiplexer (MDM) analog and digital I/O cards. Incorporating this in the flight model would eliminate the hardware and software overhead associated with a 1553 serial interface. The PEU autonomously operated the plasma contactor based on command inputs and was successfully integrated with a prototype plasma contactor unit demonstrating reliable ignition of the discharge and steady-state operation.

Hamley, John A.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Novel Temperature Sensors and Wireless Telemetry for Active Condition Monitoring of Advanced Gas Turbines

The objective of the program is to develop and engine test hardware and software technologies that will enable active condition monitoring to be implemented on hot gas path turbine blades in large industrial gas turbines. The specific objectives are (1) to fabricate and install Smart Turbine Blades with thermally sprayed sensors and high temperature wireless telemetry systems in a gas turbine engine, (2) to integrate the component engine test data with remaining useful life (RUL) models and develop an approach for networking the component RUL data with Siemens' Power Diagnostics® engine monitoring system. These significant advances carried out in Phase 1 in temperature wide bandgap telemetry, along with new induced power driver and receiver geometry combined with an innovative approach to transmit digital data wirelessly will enable the opportunity to proceed with more technical innovation. The Phase 2 program focused on validation testing of sensor-wireless telemetry package in spin rig and advanced operation-based assessment (OBA) model utilizing artificial intelligence. Significant efforts were dedicated on the download of the technology onto components to be tested an actual gas turbine engine for full realization of active condition monitoring for Smart Turbine Blades.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2019

An Advanced Extreme Environment Wireless Telemetry System for Turbine Blade Instrumentation

As advanced natural gas power generation systems evolve, the thrust for increased efficiencies and reduced emissions results in increasingly harsh conditions inside the turbine environment. These high temperatures, pressures, and corrosive atmospheres result in accelerated rates of degradation, leading to failure of turbine materials and components. The University of Arkansas (UA) and Siemens, in collaboration with the DoE's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), are developing a reliable and long-term monitoring capability in the turbine hot gas path in the form of novel ceramic-based thermocouples and integrated wide band gap instrumentation electronics that will contribute to the overall reliability of gas turbines. When equipped with better monitoring and controls, power plants can operate with increased fuel-burning efficiency, improved process dynamics and gas concentrations, and increased overall longevity of the power plant components. This will result in increased turbine availability and a reduction in outages and maintenance costs. One of the key aspects to driving forward turbine monitoring capability is the development of high temperature capable integrated circuit (IC) electronics. Previous papers have described 500 °C + electronics that were developed primarily from a combination of discrete single transistors combined with supporting high temperature passive components. While these circuits have been tested successfully in high temperature spin test environments, the move to an IC approach will greatly increase the performance and reliability of turbine monitoring systems. This program is developing such capability through the implementation of silicon carbide (SiC) based ICs, and this paper details the initial approach and early testing of the developed devices. This research represents an important step towards the realization of a field deployable high reliability turbine condition monitoring system.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1981

Total Hip Joint Replacement Biotelemetry System

The development of a biotelemetry system that is hermetically sealed within a total hip replacement implant is reported. The telemetry system transmits six channels of stress data to reconstruct the major forces acting on the neck of the prosthesis and uses an induction power coupling technique to eliminate the need for internal batteries. The activities associated with the telemetry microminiaturization, data recovery console, hardware fabrications, power induction systems, electrical and mechanical testing and hermetic sealing test results are discussed.

Boreham, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Solar Probe Technology Challenges

A mission close to the sun is only possible if new spacecraft technologies can be developed and incorporated into a state-of-the-art spacecraft concept. The perihelion goal of 4 solar radii requires a shielded spacecraft that can tolerate the 3000 suns solar flux while maintaining the electronics components at room temperature. In addition, the shield surface should sublimate at a rate of less than 3 mg/s at perihelion. Many shield configuration designs have been studied and the most promising is a parabolic shape that functions as both a shield and a large high gain antenna. The shield material chosen for this design is a carbon-carbon material with highly emissive surface properties. A mission requirement for a high telecommunications power stems from the expected interference when attempting to transmit data through the solar corona. It is expected that the large carbon-carbon shield/antenna will have a large power gain even at high temperatures and will return adequate telemetry at the X-band radio frequency chosen for the Solar Probe mission. Other key technology needs include a non-nuclear power subsystem that can function in the extreme environments of the mission from Earth to Jupiter and onward to a 4 solar radii perihelion.

Solar↗
NASA NTRS1970

Telemetry receiver

Communications system maintains phase lock of weak telemetry signals with a minimal expenditure of power and bandwidth. An estimate of the frequency variation as a function of time is used to achieve coherent phase demodulation.

Gilchriest, C.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Applications Technology Satellite ATS-6 in orbit checkout report

The activities of the ATS-6 spacecraft for the checkout period of approximately four weeks beginning May 30, 1974 are described, along with the results of a performance evaluation of its subsystems and components. The following specific items are discussed: (1) subsystem requirements/specifications and in-orbit performance summary; (2) flight chronology; (3) spacecraft description; (4) structural/deployment subsystems; (5) electrical power subsystem; (6) thermal control subsystem; (7) telemetry and command subsystems; (8) attitude control subsystem; (9) spacecraft propulsion subsystem; (10) communication subsystem; and (12) experiment subsystem.

Moore, W.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Space processing applications payload equipment study. Volume 2C: Data acquisition and process control

The services provided by the Spacelab Information Management System are discussed. The majority of the services are provided by the common-support subsystems in the Support Module furnished by the Spacelab manufacturer. The information processing requirements for the space processing applications (SPA) are identified. The requirements and capabilities for electric power, display and control panels, recording and telemetry, intercom, and closed circuit television are analyzed.

Kayton, M.↗
NASA NTRS1974

ERTS 1 flight evaluation report, 23 July 1974 to 23 October 1974

Analyses of ERTS-1 performance during the ninth quarter of its operation are presented. Topics discussed include orbital parameters, power subsystem, attitude control subsystem, command/clock subsystem, telemetry subsystem, orbit adjust subsystem, magnetic moment compensating assembly, unified S band/premodulation processor, electrical interface subsystem, thermal subsystem, narrowband tape recorders, wideband telemetry subsystem, attitude measurement sensor, wideband video tape recorders, return beam vidicon subsystem, multispectral scanner subsystem, and data collection system.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Landsat-1 and Landsat-2 evaluation report, 23 January 1975 to 23 April 1975

A description of the work accomplished with the Landsat-1 and Landsat-2 satellites during the period 23 Jan. - 23 Apr. 1975 was presented. The following information was given for each satellite: operational summary, orbital parameters, power subsystem, attitude control subsystem, command/clock subsystem, telemetry subsystem, orbit adjust subsystem, magnetic moment compensating assembly, unified S-band/premodulation processor, electrical interface subsystem, thermal subsystem, narrowband tape recorders, wideband telemetry subsystem, attitude measurement sensor, wideband video tape recorders, return beam vidicon, multispectral scanner subsystem, and data collection subsystem.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1975

Landsat-1 and Landsat-2 flight evaluation

The flight performance of Landsat 1 and Landsat 2 is analyzed. Flight operations of the satellites are briefly summarized. Other topics discussed include: orbital parameters; power subsystem; attitude control subsystem; command/clock subsystem; telemetry subsystem; orbit adjust subsystem; magnetic moment compensating assembly; unified s-band/premodulation processor; electrical interface subsystem; thermal subsystem; narrowband tape recorders; wideband telemetry subsystem; attitude measurement sensor; wideband video tape recorders; return beam vidicon; multispectral scanner subsystem; and data collection subsystem.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

A packet telemetry system employing ARQ error control

A proposed packet telemetry system employing automatic retransmission request (ARQ) mode of error control is characterized. Limitations of the present multiplexing/demultiplexing approach are considered, and the use of the proposed system in near-earth satellites in the 1980s is suggested. Onboard processing and an adaptive multiplexing technique are described, as is an elastic buffer, required because the instantaneous data rate will be different from the telemetry transmission rate. The telemetry packets would be encoded into a powerful error-detection block code. A mechanism involving temporary buffering in a long shift register will permit retransmission request from the ground station for packets received in error. The ARQ mode of operation should ensure essentially error-free transmission at lower signal-to-noise ratios and at considerably higher transmission rates than are usually used.

Greene, E. P.↗