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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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A novel multiphase flow model is presented for describing the pyrolysis of biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The mixture to biomass and sand in a gaseous flow is conceptualized as a particulate phase composed of two classes interacting with the carrier gaseous flow.
Prior gamma irradiation effect on thermal volatilization of vinyl and vinylidene fluoride polymers
Fluorescence of pyrolyzed pure and natural organic materials
None given. From statement of problem:The broad nature of this work has been to extend our understanding of the nature of the conventional or classical hybrid rocket combustion process (fuel decomposition, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reaction), and the critical engineering parameters that define this process.
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Thermal reaction kinetics of pyrolytic products of proline, leucine, arginine and lysine in aqueous solution
Amino acid stability in pyrolyzed Pleistocene Mercenaria shells, comparing decomposition rates for aqueous solution
Apollo 11 fines and rocks analysis by chromatography, mass spectrometry and light and scanning electron microscopy
Pilot plant tests were conducted on a simulated solid waste which was a mixture of shredded newspaper, wood waste, polyethylene plastics, crushed glass, steel turnings, and water. Tests were conducted at 1400 F in a lead-bath pyrolyser. Cold feed was deaerated by compression and was dropped onto a moving hearth of molten lead before being transported to a sealed storage container. About 80 percent of the feed's organic content was converted to gaseous products which contain over 90 percent of the potential waste energy; 12 percent was converted to water; and 8 percent remained as partially pyrolyzed char and tars. Nearly half of the carbon in the feed is converted to benzene, toluene and medium-quality fuel gas, a potential credit of over $25 per ton of solid waste. The system was shown to require minimal preprocessing and less sorting then other methods.
Data is presented which provides guides to (1) approximate temperature necessary to initiate thermodegradation of the polymeric materials tested, (2) the relative toxicity of thermodegradation products from the various materials, (3) the relative importance of carbon monoxide as the primary cause of death (as contrasted to cyanide or other toxic gases), and (4) whether or not the hazards of the fumes are confined to the time of exposure, or whether post-exposure death is likely. Two different experimental methods were employed.
A limited number of cotton and polyester loose-fiber materials was evaluated in the course of developing procedures for toxic-materials characterization. Under the test conditions used, there was no significant difference in relative toxicity between the materials evaluated.
Twelve samples of cellular polymers were evaluated in the course of developing test methods for toxic materials characterization. Six samples were flexible polyurethane foams, three were rigid polyurethane foams, two were high density rigid foams, and one was a modified polyimide foam. Some effects of formulation variables are discussed.
Nineteen samples of synthetic polymers were evaluated for relative toxicity in the course of characterizing materials intended for aircraft interior applications. The generic polymers included ABS, chlorinated PVC, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyaryl sulfone, polyether sulfone, polybismaleimide, and polyvinyl fluoride. Test results are presented, and compared in relative rankings with similar results on cellulosic materials and other synthetic polymers. Under these test conditions, the samples of synthetic polymers were either comparable to or significantly less toxic than the samples of commercial cellulosic materials.
Eighteen samples of aircraft seat materials were evaluated for relative toxicity using the USF/NASA toxicity screening test method. Nine samples were upholstery fabrics and nine samples were cushioning foams. Under these particular conditions of test, the aromatic phenolic and aromatic polyamide fabrics exhibited less toxicity than the samples of wool and wool/nylon fabrics, and the samples of neoprene foams exhibited less toxicity than the samples of polyurethane foams. These relative toxicity rankings were obtained using both apparent lethal concentration for 50 percent of the test animals (ALC50), and time to death (Td) at a fixed weight of material.
Ten samples comprising seven generic types of elastomers were evaluated for relative toxicity using the USF/NASA toxicity screening test method. The nitrile rubber samples appeared to generally exhibit greater toxicity than the samples of polyisoprene, styrene butadiene, and chlorinated polyethylene rubber. Carbon monoxide was present in sufficient concentration in the blood of the test animals to be the principal cause of death in the case of polyisoprene and styrene butadiene rubber.
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Fourteen samples of building materials were evaluated for relative toxicity using the USF/NASA toxicity screening test method. There appeared to be no major differences in relative toxicity under these conditions between different samples of cellulosic board products and roofing felts.