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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

An Innovative High Throughput Genome Releaser for Rapid and Efficient PCR Screening

High-throughput PCR screening is vital in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering as it allows researchers to rapidly analyze and detect numerous targeted genetic mutation in the genome. Current challenges for high-throughput PCR screening in synthetic biology include efficiently preparing genomic DNA, optimizing protocols for diverse sample types, managing contamination risks, and effectively analyzing the large volumes of data generated while ensuring consistent and accurate results. In this study, we present the development of a High Throughput Genome Releaser (HTGR), an innovative device addressing common challenges in screening PCR. This genome DNA releaser is designed based on a squash method for rapid, cost-effective, and efficient DNA release, optimized for subsequent PCR reactions. After experimenting with various synthetic materials, we selected a plastic that closely replicates the smooth surface and compression properties of microscope slides, ensuring reliable performance. We engineered a device featuring a 96-Well Plate and a shear applicator, operable both manually and automatically, and compatible with standard liquid-handling robot platform. This compatibility enhances ease of use in high-throughput PCR workflows. Additionally, we developed software to support its automatic functions. Our results demonstrated that the specially engineered 96-Well Plate and HTGR can effectively squash fungal spores , which release enough genome DNA for PCR screening. The genome releaser facilitates the preparation of PCR-amplifiable genomic DNA substrate from 96 samples within minutes, eliminates the need for extraction buffers, and is adaptable to a wide range of microorganisms and cells, which could significantly advance biomanufacturing processes.

Yuan, Guoliang [BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)]↗
DOE OSTI2025

Rapid Screening of Liquid Metal Wetting for a Materials Compatibility Library

Wetting behavior of molten metals on solid substrates is a critical phenomenon influencing numerous industrial applications, including welding, anti-corrosion coatings, and metal additive manufacturing (AM). In particular, molten metal jetting (MMJ), an emerging AM technology, requires that the molten metal remain pinned at the nozzle exit. Thus, each new metal requires a specific nozzle material to ensure consistent droplet ejection and deposition, making it important to rapidly identify the appropriate wetting combinations. However, traditional measurements of wetting angles require expensive equipment and only allow one combination of materials to be investigated at a time which can be time consuming. This work introduces a rapid screening method based on sessile droplet experiments to evaluate wetting profiles across multiple metal–substrate combinations simultaneously. This study investigates the wetting interactions of molten Al alloy (Al4008), Cu, and Sn on various ceramic and metal substrates to identify optimal material combinations for MMJ nozzle designs. Results demonstrate that Al4008 achieves wetting on ceramic substrates such as AlN, TiO 2 , and SiC, with varying mechanisms including chemical reactions and weak surface interactions. Additionally, theoretical predictions regarding miscibility gaps and melting point differences were verified for Cu and Sn on refractory metals like Mo and W. Findings from this study contribute to the establishment of a materials compatibility library, enabling the selection of wetting/non-wetting combinations for stable MMJ operation. This resource not only advances MMJ technologies but also provides valuable insights for broader applications such as welding, coating, and printed electronics.

Materials science↗
DOE OSTI2024

Rapid Prototyping for Nanoparticle-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors

The advent of nanotechnology has motivated a revolution in the development of miniaturized sensors. Such sensors can be used for radiation detection, temperature sensing, radio-frequency sensing, strain sensing, and more. At the nanoscale, integrating the materials of interest into sensing platforms can be a common issue. One promising platform is photonic crystal fibers, which can draw in optically sensitive nanoparticles or have its optical properties changed by specialized nanomaterials. However, testing these sensors at scale is limited by the the need for specialized equipment to integrate these photonic crystal fibers into optical fiber systems. Having a method to enable rapid prototyping of new nanoparticle-based sensors in photonic crystal fibers would open up the field to a wider range of laboratories that could not have initially studied these materials in such a way before. This manuscript discusses the improved processes for cleaving, drawing, and rapidly integrating nanoparticle-based photonic crystal fibers into optical system setups. The method proposed in this manuscript achieved the following innovations: cleaving at a quality needed for nanoparticle integration could be done more reliably (≈100% acceptable cleaving yield versus ≈50% conventionally), nanoparticles could be drawn at scale through photonic crystal fibers in a safe manner (a method to draw multiple photonic crystal fibers at scale versus one fiber at a time), and the new photonic crystal fiber mount was able to be finely adjusted when increasing the optical coupling before inserting it into an optical system (before, expensive fusion splicing was the only other method).

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Full-Length ASFV B646L Gene Sequencing by Nanopore Offers a Simple and Rapid Approach for Identifying ASFV Genotypes

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, highly hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs and wild boars. The disease is caused by African swine fever virus, a double stranded DNA virus of the Asfarviridae family. ASF can be classified into 25 different genotypes, based on a 478 bp fragment corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of the B646L gene, which is highly conserved among strains and encodes the major capsid protein p72. The C-terminal end of p72 has been used as a PCR target for quick diagnosis of ASF, and its characterization remains the first approach for epidemiological tracking and identification of the origin of ASF in outbreak investigations. Recently, a new classification of ASF, based on the complete sequence of p72, reduced the 25 genotypes into only six genotypes; therefore, it is necessary to have the capability to sequence the full-length B646L gene (p72) in a rapid manner for quick genotype characterization. Here, we evaluate the use of an amplicon approach targeting the whole B646L gene, coupled with nanopore sequencing in a multiplex format using Flongle flow cells, as an easy, low cost, and rapid method for the characterization and genotyping of ASF in real-time.

Virology↗
DOE OSTI2025

Rapid-cycling ReBCO dipole magnet concept for muon acceleration

We present a concept of the rapid-cycling 1.7 T ReBCO magnet for 1 to 10 kT/s ramping range as required for muon acceleration in a future muon collider presently under study. This approach is based on the 6 kA CORC-like cable constructed with 12 superconducting ReBCO tapes of 2 mm width. Based on theoretical prediction there is a linear scaling of the ReBCO cable hysteresis loss with the crossing magnetic field possibly generating power loss independent of the magnetic field ramping speed. This feature makes this ReBCO cable suitable for the construction of rapid-cycling magnets. In this work we outline the design of a dipole magnet for 1.7 T gap magnetic field and discuss the helium coolant parameters for the minimal electric power.

Piekarz, Henryk [Fermilab] (ORCID:0000000194225662↗
DOE OSTI2024

Production rate calibration for cosmogenic 10 Be in pyroxene by applying a rapid fusion method to 10 Be-saturated samples from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Measurements of multiple cosmogenic nuclides in a single sample are valuable for various applications of cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating and allow for correcting exposure ages for surface weathering and erosion and establishing exposure–burial history. Here we provide advances in the measurement of cosmogenic 10 Be in pyroxene and constraints on the production rate that provide new opportunities for measurements of multi-nuclide systems, such as 10 Be/ 3 He, in pyroxene-bearing samples. We extracted and measured cosmogenic 10 Be in pyroxene from two sets of Ferrar Dolerite samples collected from the Transantarctic Mountains in Antarctica. One set of samples has 10 Be concentrations close to saturation, which allows for the production rate calibration of 10 Be in pyroxene by assuming production–decay equilibrium. The other set of samples, which has a more recent exposure history, is used to determine if a rapid fusion method can be successfully applied to samples with Holocene to Last Glacial Maximum exposure ages. From measured 10 Be concentrations in the near-saturation sample set we find the production rate of 10 Be in pyroxene to be 3.74 ± 0.10 atoms g -1 yr -1 , which is consistent with 10 Be/ 3 He paired nuclide ratios from samples assumed to have simple exposure. Given the high 10 Be concentration measured in this sample set, a sample mass of ~ 0.5 g of pyroxene is sufficient for the extraction of cosmogenic 10 Be from pyroxene using a rapid fusion method. However, for the set of samples that have low 10 Be concentrations, measured concentrations were higher than expected. We attribute spuriously high 10 Be concentrations to failure in removing all meteoric 10 Be and/or a highly variable and poorly quantified procedural blank background correction.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2026

Rapid Evaluation Framework for the CMIP7 Assessment Fast Track

As Earth system models (ESMs) grow in complexity and in volume of output data, there is an increasing need for rapid, comprehensive evaluation of their scientific performance. The upcoming Assessment Fast Track for the Seventh Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7) will require expeditious response for model analyses designed to inform and drive integrated Earth system assessments. To meet this challenge, the Rapid Evaluation Framework (REF), a community-driven platform for benchmarking and performance assessment of ESMs, was designed and developed. The initial implementation of the REF, constructed to meet the near-term needs of the CMIP7 Assessment Fast Track, builds upon four disparate community evaluation and benchmarking tools that are coupled together using the Coordinated Model Evaluation Capabilities (CMEC) framework. The REF runs within a containerized workflow for portability and reproducibility and is aimed at generating and organizing diagnostics covering a variety of model variables. The REF leverages well documented observational datasets to provide assessments of model fidelity across a collection of diagnostics. All diagnostics were identified and selected with community involvement and consultation. Operational integration with the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) will permit automated execution of the REF for selected diagnostics as soon as model output data are published on ESGF by the originating modeling centers. The REF is designed to be portable across a range of current computational platforms to facilitate use by modeling centers for assessing the evolution of model versions or gauging the relative performance of CMIP simulations before being published on ESGF. When integrated into production simulation workflows, results from the REF provide immediate quantitative feedback that allows model developers and scientists to quickly identify model biases and performance issues. After the REF is released to the community, its subsequent development and support will be prioritized by an international consortium of scientists and engineers, enabling a broader impact across Earth science disciplines. For instance, the REF will facilitate improvements to models and will enhance confidence in model projections through process-based selection of models based on their performance with respect to observations. Production of reproducible diagnostics and community-based assessments are key features of the REF. Furthermore, providing interoperability with existing evaluation packages assures that contributions from previous community efforts will be available for use in future model intercomparison projects.

Hoffman, Forrest [ORNL] (ORCID:0000000158024134)↗
DOE OSTI2026

Rapid Characterization Tools for Process Optimization: Cooperative Research and Development (Final Report)

In this project Prenexus Health, Inc. (Prenexus) and NLR will develop rapid characterization tools to improve the Prenexus production process. First, we will develop a tool to predict the overall performance of the Prenexus manufacturing process converting high-fiber sugarcane to xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) (both the overall process yield and the composition of the XOS product) using rapid characterization of the incoming feedstock and knowledge of key process parameters. This tool will dramatically increase Prenexus’ understanding of the overall process. Second, we will develop a tool to predict the concentration of soluble oligomeric and monomeric xylose and organic acids in multiple process streams at-line in the Prenexus process, enabling real-time process control of the conversion process.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
NASA NTRS1969

Design for a Rapid Automatic Sync Acquisition System

System provides rapid command sync acquisition between widely separated transmitter-receivers. It is based on a rapid, automatic range-adjustment approach rather than the time-consuming cycle slipping or stepping techniques of conventional phase-locked loops.

Anderson, T. O.↗
NASA NTRS1972

A rapid, precise, reciprocating-movement color filter system

Unit was designed for moving color filters in and out of position in less than 46 ms. System may be used to record previously derived colors on photorecorder or to scan different color or wavelength components of rapidly passing scene, as in aerial reconnaissance. Rapid, precise reciprocating movement may be useful in purely mechanical and chemical applications.

Phillipps, P. G.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Viscous effects in rapidly rotating stars with application to white-dwarf models. I, II.

A general approximate numerical technique is proposed for constructing evolutionary sequences of rapidly rotating axisymmetric barytropic equilibrium configurations, with allowance for angular momentum transfer by a nonconstant isotropic viscosity. The principal physical assumption involved is the constancy of the angular momentum per unit mass on cylinders about the axis of rotation. Rapidly rotating nonmagnetic white-dwarf models with a zero-temperature degenerate-electron equation of state are considered as a particular application. The viscosity used in the analysis is that of the degenerate electrons.

Durisen, R. H.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A rapid method for the determination of microbial susceptibility using the firefly luciferase assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Luciferase assay for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was optimized for pure bacteria in broth in order to evaluate if changes in bacterial ATP content could be used as a rapid measure of antibiotic effect on microorganisms. Broth cultures of log phase bacteria were incubated at 310 K (37 C) for 2.5 hours at antimicrobial concentrations which resulted in the best discrimination between sensitive and resistant strains. Eighty-seven strains of 11 bacterial species were studied for their susceptibility to 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents: ampicillin, Penicillin G, nafcillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, colistin, and chloramplenicol. The major advantage of the ATP system over existing methods of rapid microbial susceptibility testing is that the assay can be made specific for bacterial ATP.

Vellend, H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

RAPID: A random access picture digitizer, display, and memory system

RAPID is a system capable of providing convenient digital analysis of video data in real-time. It has two modes of operation. The first allows for continuous digitization of an EIA RS-170 video signal. Each frame in the video signal is digitized and written in 1/30 of a second into RAPID's internal memory. The second mode leaves the content of the internal memory independent of the current input video. In both modes of operation the image contained in the memory is used to generate an EIA RS-170 composite video output signal representing the digitized image in the memory so that it can be displayed on a monitor.

Yakimovsky, Y.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Demonstration of rapid-scan two-dimensional laser velocimetry in the Langley Vortex Research Facility for research in aerial applications

Tests were conducted to demonstrate a rapid scan two dimensional laser velocimeter (LV) measurement technique for aerial applications research. The LV system is capable of simultaneously measuring both vertical and axial flow velocity components in a near or far field vortex system. Velocity profiles were successfully measured in the wake vortex of a representative agricultural aircraft model, with the vortex system rapidly transporting in ground effect. Results indicate that the laser velocimetry technique can provide quantitative information of wake vortex characteristics in ground effect.

Gartrell, L. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

DACOM - A rapid, high sensitivity airborne carbon monoxide monitor

A rapid, high sensitivity differential absorption carbon monoxide monitor (DACOM) has been developed to measure CO from an aircraft. The differential absorption measurement is accomplished by rapidly current tuning the wavelength of a PbSSe diode laser across a single 4.7 micron CO absorption line. As the laser wavelength sweeps periodically across the absorption line, the laser beam is amplitude modulated and is then synchronously detected. With this technique a minimum detectable differential transmission of 0.02% is obtained for a 1 second integration time. This performance is equivalent to a CO sensitivity of 5 ppb for a 10 meter absorption path. The techniques used to achieve this high sensitivity will be discussed. In the aircraft installation a 10 meter absorption path is located in the airstream along the fuselage of a C-54 aircraft. During flight tests of DACOM, a sensitivity of 20 ppb for a 1-second integration time has been achieved.

Sachse, G. W.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Application of NASA technology to a rapid transit system

NASA has established a new technology utilization program which involves full time, on-site contact with the user and is currently being applied in the development of the Metropolitan Dade County (Florida) Rapid Transit System. The NASA representative identifies technical problems while participating in daily activities and then draws on the agency's expertise to assist in solutions. NASA expertise assists in the construction of the rapid transit system in the areas of corrosion, solar energy utilization, quality assurance, and fire retardation.

Preston, E. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Path selection process utilizing rapid estimation scheme

The paper describes the use of a rapid estimation scheme for path selection by a roving vehicle. Essentially, the evaluation procedure simulates movement of the rover over each of several corridors lying radially outward from the scanning position. Two levels of corridors are used, and the path selection scheme selects the optimal primary corridor according to a dynamic programming algorithm. In the present version, the length of the corridors is variable. The rapid estimation scheme provides information to define corridor dimensions. This corridor structure, which varies as a function of the terrain, eliminates the need for backtracking, except in certain extreme cases. Computer results are promising in that obstacles were avoided while corridor lengths were kept to a maximum where safety permitted.

Ring, H.↗