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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Atmosphere-Biosphere Interaction Study (Field Campaign Report)

The objective of this campaign was to collect hyperspectral reflectance measurements and complementary optical and infrared data of land surface (i.e., vegetation and soil) throughout the growing season (i.e., from March to September) at high temporal frequency (e.g., < 30 minutes). To collect the measurements, the EcoSpec system, a tower-based sensor system housing seven optical and infrared sensors that was developed at Argonne National Laboratory, was deployed to the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory (within the crop, south of the eddy correlation flux measurement system [ECOR] tower). The EcoSpec system consists of a spectroradiometer having 2,151 channels (350–2,500 nm), red-greenblue (RGB) camera, diffuse radiometer, thermal infrared (TIR) sensors, albedometers, Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) sensors, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) sensors, and wetness sensor. The system is designed to collect an array of land surface measurements, including hyperspectral reflectance of plants and soils, RGB photos capturing contextual information of land surface, radiant temperature of sky and land surface, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation, and incoming radiation components (direct and diffuse) as frequent as every minute from up to 12 discrete positions around the tower. This would allow us to capture inherent heterogeneity of the terrestrial ecosystem and to obtain representative spectral signatures of the plant and soil surfaces via averaging those measurements. The SGP site provides advanced atmospheric and other physical measurements that are essential for our investigation of ecosystem functions using hyperspectral reflectance measurements of land surfaces. Located in the mid-latitudes, the SGP site exhibits dynamic seasonality and a wide range of meteorological variability and flux properties that make it ideal for studying interactions between near-surface atmosphere and biosphere across a range of environmental conditions. The atmosphere, plants, and soil control terrestrial carbon and water cycles. To make more accurate climate forecasts, researchers need to understand ecosystem dynamics at the biosphere–atmosphere interface. Even though our ability to forecast ecosystem dynamics and climate at both the regional and global scales has advanced significantly, we still do not know how local phenomena affecting water and carbon fluxes—such as diurnal variations—interrelate with large-scale atmospheric/climate phenomena, and vice versa. The lack of a more thorough understanding of ecosystem dynamics and climate interactions is a key knowledge gap for the improvement of earth system models (ESMs).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

ARM Shortwave Spectral Radiometry Strategy Review Report

A meeting of experts in shortwave (SW) spectral measurements was held in February 2019 to discuss the current state of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility instrumentation and the potential scientific impact of these measurements. Instrument mentors and users reported significant progress in hyperspectral measurement quality, with good-quality data sets now possible at several field campaigns and fixed sites. Ongoing filter-based measurement improvements, including addition of the 1.6-micron channel to the multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) and lunar tracking mode of the Cimel sun photometers, were also lauded as exciting developments to improve retrievals of aerosol radiative properties and size distributions.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Parameterization of arctic hydrometeor physics using new precipitation measurement technologies: Final Report

Predictions of precipitation are highly sensitive to the accuracy of parameterized growth and sedimentation processes, especially in remote regions such as the Arctic where observations are scarce. The goal of this study was to combine measurements of meteorological conditions and retrievals from passive and active remote sensors to provide refined parameterizations of precipitation properties and processes with a particular focus on the Arctic. To accomplish the project goals, new instrumentation was used from the Oliktok Point Mobile Facility and the Utqiagvik (Barrow) North Slope of Alaska ARM site focusing in particular on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) data. The MASC is the first device able to automatically photograph precipitation particles in free-fall from multiple angles while simultaneously measuring their fall speed. The MASC installed at the ARM Oliktok Point and Utqiagvik facilities was used to examine the nature of Arctic precipitation, taking particular advantage of the unique suite of precipitation, meteorological, and remote sensing instrumentation that is available at the high latitude sites. Combined with radiometer data we were able to explore the relationship between precipitation particle characteristics and the clouds where the snow is created. Ground-based wind measurements provided detailed data on turbulence. Further theoretical work explored the physical mechanisms controlling precipitation size distributions, the physics determining hydrometeor fallspeed, and the existence of general solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations for falling particles. Outreach work introduced hydrometeor classification to classrooms across the United States.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Large Surface Explosion Coupling Experiment - SNL Remote Optical.

Two surface chemical explosive tests were observed for the Large Surface Explosion Coupling Experiment (LSECE) at the Nevada National Security Site in October 2020. The tests consisted of two one-ton explosions, one occurring before dawn and one occurring mid- afternoon. LSECE was performed in the same location as previous underground tests and aimed to explore the relationship between surface and underground explosions in support of global nonproliferation efforts. Several pieces of remote sensing equipment were deployed from a trailer 2.02 km from ground zero including high-speed cameras, radiometers and a spectrometer. The data collected from these tests will increase the knowledge of large surface chemical explosive signatures.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2021

Report on High Energy Arcing Fault Experiments: Experimental Results from Low-Voltage Switchgear Enclosures

This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate High Energy Arcing Fault (HEAF) phenomena for low-voltage metal enclosed switchgear containing aluminum conductors. This report covers full-scale laboratory experiments using representative nuclear power plant (NPP) three-phase electrical equipment. Electrical, thermal, and pressure data were recorded for each experiment and documented in this report. This report covers experiments performed on two low-voltage switchgear units with each unit consisting of two vertical sections. The data collected supports characterization of the low-voltage HEAF hazard and these results will be used to support potential improvements in fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods. The experiments were performed at KEMA Labs located in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. The experimental design, setup, and execution were completed by staff from the NRC, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and KEMA. In addition, representatives from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) observed some of the experimental setup and execution. The HEAF experiments were performed between August 26 and Augsut 29, 2019 on nearidentical Westinghouse Type DS low-voltage metal-enclosed indoor switchgear. The threephase arcing fault was initiated on the aluminum main bus or in select cases on the copper bus stabs near the breaker. These experiments used either nominal 480 volts AC or 600 volts AC. Durations of the experiments ranged from approximately 0.4 s to 8.3 s with fault currents ranging from approximately 9.2 kA to 19.3 kA. Real-time electrical operating conditions, including voltage, current and frequency, were measured during the experiments. Heat fluxes and incident energies were measured with plate thermometers, radiometers, and slug calorimeters at various locations around the electrical enclosures. Environmental measurements of breakdown, conductivity and electromagnetics were also taken. The experiments were documented with normal and high-speed videography, infrared imaging and photography. The results, while limited, indicated the difficulty in maintaining and sustaining low-voltage arcs on aluminum components of sufficient duration and at a single point as observed operating experience.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Report on High Energy Arcing Fault Experiments: Experimental Results from Open Box Enclosures

This report documents an experimental program designed to investigate High Energy Arcing Fault (HEAF) phenomena. The experiments focus on providing data to better characterize the arc to improve the prediction of arc energy emitted during a HEAF event. An open box experiment allow for direct observation of the arc, which allows diagnostic instrumentation to record the phenomenological data needed for better characterization of the arc energy source term. The data collected supports characterization of the arc and arc jet, enclosure breach, material loss, and electrical properties. These results will be used to better characterizing the hazard for improvements in fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) realism. The experiments were performed at KEMA Labs located in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. The experimental design, setup, and execution were completed by staff from the NRC, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and KEMA Labs. In addition, representatives from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) observed some of the experimental setup and execution. The HEAF experiments were performed between August 22, 2020 and September 18, 2020 on near-identical 51 cm (20 in) cube metal boxes suspended from a Unistrut support structure. The three-phase arcing fault was initiated at the ends of the conductors oriented vertically and located at the center of the box. Either aluminum or copper conductors were used for the conductors. The low-voltage experiments used 1 000 volts AC, while the medium-voltage experiments used 6 900 volts AC consistent with other recently completed experiments. Durations of the experiment ranged from 1 s to 5 s with fault currents ranging from 1 kA to 30 kA. Real-time electrical operating conditions, including voltage, current and frequency, were measured during the experiments. Heat fluxes and incident energies were measured with plate thermometers, radiometers, and slug calorimeters at various locations around the electrical enclosures. The experiments were documented with normal and high-speed videography, infrared imaging and photography.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) Final Report: Fiscal Years 2019-2021

The Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (SRRL) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is a world-leading solar calibration and measurement facility and maintains and disseminates the World Radiation Reference (essentially the W/m 2 ) for the United States, which is essential for traceable and accurate measurements of solar radiation at all solar generation facilities. SRRL operates two International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechincal Commission (IEC) 17025 calibration facilities that provide unique, high-quality calibrations to NREL and other U.S. Department of Energy laboratories. The Baseline Measurement System at SRRL provides a high-quality record of solar irradiance and surface meteorological conditions. SRRL capabilities are used to develop: improved methods for the calibration of solar radiometers; new standards through the ISO, the IEC, and ASTM International; models; advanced instrumentation and methods for operating solar measurement stations. The SRRL data sets are also critical for the validation of new models and data sets, such as the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB).

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

NREL Comparison of Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers, InfraRed Integrating Sphere, and Pyrgeometers Traceable to World Infrared Standard Group: September 26-October 7, 2022

The comparison of the absolute cavity pyrgeometers (ACPs) with the InfraRed Integrating Sphere (IRIS), Eppley Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR) pyrgeometers, and Kipp & Zonen (KZ) pyrgeometers traceable to the World Infrared Standard Group (WISG) was held during NREL ACP and IRIS Comparisons (NAIC) from September 26 to October 7, 2022. Data from all instruments was collected during nighttime clear sky conditions only. The irradiance measured by the ACPs is collected in 30 seconds intervals during the measurement period of two hours, and 10 seconds intervals during the calibration period of 6 minutes. During the comparison, the average (av) irradiance difference measured by ACPs and IRIS varied from -0.80 W/m2 to 0.29 W/m2 and standard deviation (sd) from 0.98 W/m2 to 1.78 W/m2. The average irradiance difference measured by ACP95F3 minus the irradiance measured by all pyrgeometers varied from 2.07 to 5.03 W/m2 with sd from 2.64 W/m2 to 2.67 W/m2.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Support for Students, Postdoctoral Fellows and Trainees to Attend Radiochemistry-Related Symposia at Pacifichem 2020

This project was undertaken to help meet the need for training personnel who will be involved in professional careers requiring knowledge of radiochemistry, such as those working in radionuclide production, and in biological, industrial, medical and environmental fields that use radionuclides in their work. The goal of the project was to provide financial assistance to students and trainees from US academic and government institutions to attend selected radiochemistry related symposia at the Pacifichem 2020 meeting, which was to be held in Honolulu, Hawaii in December 2020. The funding, meant to provide a portion of an awardee’s travel cost, was specifically directed at awardees attendance to the following symposia: #190, Advancements in Isotope production-Providing Important Materials for Research and Applications; #180, Advancements in the Chemistry of Targeted Alpha Therapy, and #178, The Chemistry of 18 F, 11 C and Radiometal-based Probes for Molecular Imaging & Precision Medicine. It was/is believed that attendance of students/postdocs at the meeting would point out the critical role radiochemistry and radionuclides can have in the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic agents which would stimulate student interest in radiochemistry, and thus, provide support for making, or an impetus to make, this technical area a career choice.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2023

Investigation of Surface and Marine-Cloud Coupling and its Impact on Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations and Cloud Cover Over the Southern Ocean

The proposed work involves characterizing and quantifying both the thermodynamic and dynamical coupling of marine low clouds (MLC) with the sea surface using Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) observations during MARCUS field campaign and an LES model. ARM data from multiple sensors will be used (e.g., Doppler cloud radar, ceilometer, and microwave radiometer) to characterize the MLC-surface coupling by virtue of the vertical structure and integrated quantities of boundary-layer clouds, aerosols, as well as atmospheric profiles and surface meteorology. We have used a combination of case studies and statistics-based composite analyses to find any linkages between large-scale dynamics, MLC-surface coupling, and cloud and boundary layer properties, the sequence of which reflects the chain of causality. An LES model with explicit aerosol physics, which includes the cycle of aerosols by being consumed as CCN and be regenerated following cloud droplet evaporation, has been run to determine the sources and sinks of Nd and their dependence on the degree of MLC-surface coupling. We have examined the systematic differences in both Nd and cloud occurrence between the two clusters under different meteorological conditions and further examine their respective roles, as well as causal relationships by means of LES modeling. This study helped improve our understanding of the ACI by differentiating the dynamic role of the coupling and cloud physics denoted by Nd, bridging the linkage in the chain toward understanding mechanisms governing the persistence of MLC over the Southern Ocean, solving the long-lasting problem of the cloud cover underestimation over the SO by GCMs. Ample ARM data and LES model have been employed to achieve the objectives of the study.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

TRACER-Coastal Urban Boundary-Layer Interactions with Convection (TRACER-CUBIC) Field Campaign Report

To better understand the complicated web of processes governing convective cloud life cycle and aerosol-convection interactions, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility supported deployment of a variety of advanced atmospheric measurement systems to the greater Houston, Texas, area from 1 October 2021 to 30 September 2022 as part of the Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER). Houston was selected as a study area because isolated convection and a variety of aerosol conditions are common in this region. This one-year ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) deployment featured a four-month intensive operational period (IOP) during summer 2022 (1 June–30 September). The ARM instrumentation was deployed at three sites along an east-west transect from La Porte, Texas to an ancillary site in a less-polluted rural region southwest of downtown Houston (Figure 1). At the La Porte Site, which is located near the Houston ship channel in an area that experiences significant pollution, the first ARM Mobile Facility (AMF1) was deployed. During the IOP, the ARM tethered balloon system (TBS) operated at the ancillary site. The second-generation C-Band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar (CSAPR) operated near Pearland, Texas, roughly halfway between the Laporte and ancillary sites. As part of the TRACER- Coastal Urban Boundary-Layer Interactions with Convection (CUBIC) project, three boundary-layer profiling systems) were deployed along a north-south transect spanning from the University of Houston Coastal Center to the Aldine site north of downtown Houston (also blue dot in Figure 1) during the TRACER IOP. These systems included the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Severe Storms Laboratory CLAMPS2 (C2), which was deployed at the UHCC, the University of Wisconsin SPARC, which was deployed at the ARM CSAPR site near Pearland (orange diamond in middle of map in Figure 1), and the University of Oklahoma CLAMPS1 (C1), which was deployed at Aldine. These three systems have been successfully operated in various field campaigns, providing data sets that collectively offer new insights into atmospheric-boundary-layer (ABL) processes, sea-breeze (SB) circulations, and convection initiation (CI). For the TRACER IOP window, these systems ran continuously between 1 June and 26 September, 2022. Due to commitments to NOAA projects, the Doppler lidar at the UHCC site was not available until 24 June 2022. The CLAMPS and SPARC profiling systems are self-contained platforms that have benefited from several years of development and deployment. Instruments and data processing were maintained remotely, which made the 4-month deployment for the TRACER-CUBIC IOP period possible. The same basic instrument configuration comprises each system: a scanning Doppler wind lidar for flow characterization and passive profiler(s) for characterizing planetary-boundary-layer (PBL) thermodynamic properties. Each platform includes a Halo Streamline Doppler wind lidar, an Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), and a surface meteorology station. CLAMPS1 and CLAMPS2 each also include a microwave radiometer (MWR, Figure 1d). The TRACER-CUBIC hypotheses included (i) Interactions of SB and urban circulations and how they affect the PBL structure in the Houston environment, causing spatially (horizontally and vertically) and temporally highly variable flow patterns, (ii) heat, moisture, and aerosol transport and mixing depend on these flow dynamics, and (iii) an improved understanding of the flow patterns and PBL structure are critical for investigating the processes leading to CI. To test these hypotheses, the project aimed at (i) characterizing SB circulations and their impacts on the diurnal evolution of the structure of the ABL, (ii) studying the evolution of Houston’s complex urban boundary layer, and (iii) identifying effects of urban-induced circulations on pre-convective environments. TRACER-CUBIC observations generally provide good coverage during the summer IOP. Initial screening of the data indicates a good number of cases with bay-breeze (BB) and/or SB signatures, local CI, and interesting boundary-layer features such as strong nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs, Table 1). The numbers listed in rows 3-5 in this table will be further updated as part of ongoing in-depth analyses and systematic identification of local circulations and CI events. More detailed information about the data availability and quality for each instrument is provided in the “readme” files that were submitted to the ARM Data Center along with each archived data sets. These “readme” files also provide instrument descriptions, information about the data collection and processing procedures, data formats, and any additional information relevant for further data analysis.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Project report for year 1

In the first year of the project, we developed a fire event tracking system using active fire detections recorded by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). We employed this algorithm to track all large fires that occurred in California from 2013 to 2020, and created a retrospective Fire Event Data Suite (FEDS) that contains the vector shapes of fire perimeters, active fire fronts, and the locations and fire radiative powers for each fire pixel at 12-hour temporal resolution for each fire event. Using the 2020 Creek Fire as a test bed, we also delineated hourly fire perimeters by combining the FEDS data with the hourly rates of spread derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) fire data. This dataset will form the basis of the near-real-time hourly fire emissions product that we plan to develop at years 2 and 3 of the project.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterization of Orography-Influenced Riming and Secondary Ice Production and Their Effects on Precipitation Rates Using Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectra (CORSIPP-SAIL)

The Characterization of Orography-Influenced Riming and Secondary Ice Production and Their Effects on Precipitation Rates Using Radar Polarimetry and Doppler Spectra (CORSIPP) project was conducted to help improve the understanding of precipitation formation in orographically influenced terrain. Special focus is put on the two processes of riming and secondary ice production and their external drivers. Two instruments, a polarimetric W-band simultaneous transmission simultaneous reception (STSR) Doppler cloud radar manufactured by Radiometer Physics GmbH (RPG, instrument type RPG-FMCW-94-DP), from now on named LIMRAD94, and the video in situ snowfall sensor (VISSS), were deployed at the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) site in Gothic, Colorado between November 2022 and June 2023 during the second SAIL winter. Note that the exact dates of data availability differ between the instruments. Both instruments arrived at Gothic on November 2, 2022, 09:20 local time. VISSS, described by Maahn et al., is equipped with two camera systems with telecentric lenses. The two cameras are at a 90° angle to each other. This configuration allows for size-independent measurements by capturing images of hydrometeors from two sides at a high frame rate of 250 Hz. With a minimum detection size of 200 μm, VISSS provides valuable insights into particle size, number, shape, complexity, and fall velocity. The VISSS was deployed on the grassland next to the ARM facility with the amazing help of the ARM employees on site. The setup started on November 2, 2022, and was finished on November 5, 2022, without major problems. VISSS measurements were started on November 6, 2022. LIMRAD94 was installed on a scaffolding platform near Orehouse (Gothic) on November 9, 2022, with the great help of RMBL staff. LIMRAD94 was mounted on a cold temperature scanner prototype. After a short test of the setup on November 9, 2022, the digital control of the scanner elevation stopped working for (at that time) unknown reasons. All attempts to resolve the problem failed. This malfunction made it impossible to operate LIMRAD94 in scanning mode. The scanner was then manually moved to zenith pointing mode and between November 10 and November 15, 2022, vertical observations for polarimetric calibration were performed. On November 15, 2022, after the polarimetric calibration was applied, the scanner was manually moved to 40° elevation with azimuthal view towards the Ka-band ARM Zenith Radar (KAZR) and measurements were continued at constant elevation. Investigation of the scanner malfunction on February 6, 2023, by Benn Schmatz revealed a disengagement between the cogwheel of the elevation motor and the cogwheel moving the scanner in elevation. This mechanical issue was temporarily solved by re-engaging the cogwheels. This made the scanner operational again for about four weeks, until mechanical force disengaged the cogwheels again on March 15, 2023. This repeated scanner failure remained undetected for about three weeks until April 8, 2023; during this time the scanner was stuck at 72° elevation. However, the radar software continued to produce data files falsely indicating that the scanner was still operational. After the scanner failure was noticed, scanning was stopped again, and we returned to constant elevation measurements. On May 15, 2023, the cogwheels of the elevation motor were secured with additional screws sent by the manufacturer. At some point in May, the cogwheels of the azimuth motor were also disengaged by mechanical force, which still allowed for range height indicator (RHI) but no plan position indicator (PPI) scans in the last weeks of the campaign. The azimuth motor was repaired in Germany after the end of the campaign. Throughout the campaign, RMBL and ARM staff kept the radar and the VISSS free of snow.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

NREL Comparison of Absolute Cavity Pyrgeometers, InfraRed Integrating Sphere, and Pyrgeometers Traceable to World Infrared Standard Group: September 23-October 4, 2024

The comparison of the absolute cavity pyrgeometers (ACPs) with the CG4 FT005 pyrgeometer traceable to the InfraRed Integrating Sphere (IRIS) referred to by FT005(IRIS), Eppley Precision Infrared Radiometer (PIR) pyrgeometers, and Kipp & Zonen (KZ) pyrgeometers traceable to the World Infrared Standard Group (WISG) was held during NREL ACP and IRIS Comparisons (NAIC) from September 23 to October 4, 2024. Data from all instruments was collected during nighttime clear sky conditions only. The irradiance measured by the ACPs is collected in 30 seconds intervals during the measurement period of two hours, and 10 seconds intervals during the calibration period of 6 minutes. Two methods described in and were used for the comparison based on original Reda et. al and proposed Forgan et. al.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2025

ARM Cloud and Precipitation Measurements and Science Group (CPMSG) 2024 Workshop Report

The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility is to improve the understanding and representation of cloud and aerosol processes and their interaction with the Earth's surface in Earth system models (ESMs) by providing comprehensive field observations and supporting advanced data analytics. The ARM Cloud and Precipitation Measurements and Science Group (CPMSG) was chartered in March 2019 to help improve the performance and scientific impact of ARM measurements of clouds and precipitation. The group aims to identify and address gaps in measurement capabilities, maximize the scientific impact of ARM data, and effectively serve the scientific community. To achieve these goals, the group includes experts in cloud and precipitation science, as well as representatives from ARM infrastructure, including instrument mentors, engineers, data quality officers, and data product translators. Prior to CPMSG, early discussions on cloud and precipitation measurements primarily focused on improving radar systems, but have since evolved to include a broader scope involving radiometers and other instruments. Since its formation, the CPMSG has gathered feedback using science traceability matrices. CPMSG aims to keep these as living documents to show the measurement needs, scientific drivers, roadblocks, maturity of measurements and retrievals, and pathways to model improvements. The group meets quarterly to discuss and prioritize measurement and operational improvements.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

ARM Cloud and Precipitation Measurements and Science Group (CPMSG) 2024 Workshop Report

The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility is to improve the understanding and representation of cloud and aerosol processes and their interaction with the Earth's surface in Earth system models (ESMs) by providing comprehensive field observations and supporting advanced data analytics. The ARM Cloud and Precipitation Measurements and Science Group (CPMSG) was chartered in March 2019 to help improve the performance and scientific impact of ARM measurements of clouds and precipitation. The group aims to identify and address gaps in measurement capabilities, maximize the scientific impact of ARM data, and effectively serve the scientific community. To achieve these goals, the group includes experts in cloud and precipitation science, as well as representatives from ARM infrastructure, including instrument mentors, engineers, data quality officers, and data product translators. Prior to CPMSG, early discussions on cloud and precipitation measurements primarily focused on improving radar systems, but have since evolved to include a broader scope involving radiometers and other instruments. Since its formation, the CPMSG has gathered feedback using science traceability matrices. CPMSG aims to keep these as living documents to show the measurement needs, scientific drivers, roadblocks, maturity of measurements and retrievals, and pathways to model improvements. The group meets quarterly to discuss and prioritize measurement and operational improvements.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

WHYMSIE-SGP Field Campaign Report

Through a partnership between the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), this field campaign demonstrated first-of-its-kind hyperspectral microwave airborne measurements (Conical Scanning Millimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer [CoSMIR-H]). It was complemented by other passive (infrared, visible) and active (lidar) sensors onboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft. Serving as a future NASA planetary boundary-layer (PBL) mission prototype, the Westcoast and Heartland Hyperspectral Microwave Intensive Experiment (WH 2 yMSIE, formerly WHyMSIE) aimed to capture a wide variety of thermodynamic, moisture, and PBL regimes across a variety of surface types. The intensive operating period of the campaign spanned from October 22, 2024, through November 15, 2024, and included a large network of collaborators.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Deliverable 6.7-Final Technical Report: Development Summary and Evaluation of the Solar Uncertainty Integrator (SUNI) Software

The Data Quality and Uncertainty Integration Project was a three-year effort to address stakeholder needs for assessing solar radiation resource data quality based on existing tools for estimating radiometer measurement uncertainties and assessing post-measurement data quality. The annual research objectives for the project addressed a logical progression of effort needed to achieve the ultimate project goal of developing the Solar Uncertainty Integrator (SUNI) software. This final technical report summarizes the development process for achieving these key research objectives and addresses the outreach and code development efforts in the final year of the project to develop a new solar irradiance data uncertainty integration software package.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗