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At least 199 records · Page 11

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NASA NTRS1975

The dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at synchronous orbit

Low-frequency oscillations of the earth's magnetic field recorded by the UCLA magnetometer on board ATS-1, have been examined for the six-month interval, January-June, 1968. The initial interpretation, that these oscillations represent the second harmonic of a standing Alfven wave, has been re-examined, and it is concluded that this hypothesis must be withdrawn. Using evidence from OGO-5 and ATS-5, as well as the data from ATS-1, it is argued that the dominant mode at the synchronous orbit must be the fundamental rather than the second harmonic. From 14 instances when the oscillations of distinctly different periods occurred during the same time interval at ATS-1 it is concluded that higher harmonics can exist. The period ratio in 7 of the 14 cases corresponds to the simultaneous occurrence of the second harmonic with the fundamental, and 4 other cases could be identified as the simultaneous occurrence of the fourth harmonic with the fundamental.

Cummings, W. D.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Optimizing signal-to-error ratio in standing wave ultrasonic measurements

Standing wave ultrasonic techniques for the measurement of very small changes in acoustic attenuation and phase velocity are discussed. Enhanced sensitivity to these small changes was achieved by making the specimen part of a composite ultrasonic resonator. It was found that a point of maximum sensitivity on the response of such an ultrasonic resonator need not coincide with a point of maximum signal-to-error ratio. A model is presented and analyzed which takes into account error due to long term (low frequency) noise effects such as gain drifts and dc level shifts. This model yields a quantitative value for the signal-to-error ratio in which the signal is defined as the ideal change in the monitored response and the error as the difference between the experimentally measured change and the signal. The specific frequency dependent forms for the ultrasonic response and the sensitivity enhancement factor were used to predict the operating point on a mechanical resonance corresponding to maximum signal-to-error ratio.

Brown, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1974

Holography with standing surface plasma waves

Holography with standing surface plasma waves, where both reference and object beams propagate in opposite directions, has been investigated using an Al reflection grating coated with evaporated As2S3 layers. The image, which appears only for p-polarization and at certain critical angles, is enhanced by the Lippman-Bragg effect and by an increase in intensity over ordinary holography approximately equal to the absolute value of the real part of the dielectric constant for Al. Also considered is holography with object light alone in photoresist layers, using the beam-splitting properties of the grating.

Cowan, J. J.↗

NASA NTRS1975

The dominant mode of standing Alfven waves at the synchronous orbit

Low-frequency oscillations of the earth's magnetic field recorded by a magnetometer on board ATS 1 have been examined for the 6-month interval between January and June 1968. Using evidence from OGO 5 and ATS 5 as well as the data from ATS 1, it is argued that the dominant mode at ATS 1 must be the fundamental rather than the second harmonic of a standing Alfven wave. It is concluded that these transverse oscillations are more accurately associated with magnetically disturbed days than with quiet days. From 14 instances when oscillations of distinctly different periods occurred during the same time interval at ATS 1, it is also concluded that higher harmonics can exist. The period ratio in seven of the 14 cases corresponds to the simultaneous occurrence of the second harmonic with the fundamental, and four other cases could be identified as the simultaneous occurrence of the fourth harmonic with the fundamental.

Cummins, W. D.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Gentle support stands for fluid-line mockups

Screw clamp stand for fluid-line mockup support prevents distortion of tubing by color coded indicator lamps that acknowledge clamp contact.

Millet, A. U.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Measurements of the Poynting vector of standing hydromagnetic waves at geosynchronous orbit

The observation is discussed of a train of hydromagnetic waves with a period of about 150 sec seen at synchronous orbit by the ATS 6 spacecraft on June 27, 1974. The critical observation is a phase shift of 90 deg between east-west oscillations of the particle flow and the east-west component of magnetic field oscillations. This phase shift alone suggests a standing rather than a propagating hydromagnetic wave. Careful processing of the particle data makes it possible to determine the drift velocity and hence the electric field of the wave. The wave electric field together with the time-varying magnetic field reveals an oscillating Poynting vector with zero mean component aligned with the ambient magnetic field and nonzero azimuthal (westward) component.

Cummings, W. D.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Static test-stand performance of the YF-102 turbofan engine with several exhaust configurations for the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA)

The performance of a YF-102 turbofan engine was measured in an outdoor test stand with a bellmouth inlet and seven exhaust-system configurations. The configurations consisted of three separate-flow systems of various fan and core nozzle sizes and four confluent-flow systems of various nozzle sizes and shapes. A computer program provided good estimates of the engine performance and of thrust at maximum rating for each exhaust configuration. The internal performance of two different-shaped core nozzles for confluent-flow configurations was determined to be satisfactory. Pressure and temperature surveys were made with a traversing probe in the exhaust-nozzle flow for some confluent-flow configurations. The survey data at the mixing plane, plus the measured flow rates, were used to calculate the static-pressure variation along the exhaust nozzle length. The computed pressures compared well with experimental wall static-pressure data. External-flow surveys were made, for some confluent-flow configurations, with a large fixed rake at various locations in the exhaust plume.

Mcardle, J. G.↗

NASA NTRS1980

On the pressure field of nonlinear standing water waves

The pressure field produced by two dimensional nonlinear time and space periodic standing waves was calculated as a series expansion in the wave height. The high order series was summed by the use of Pade approximants. Calculations included the pressure variation at great depth, which was considered to be a likely cause of microseismic activity, and the pressure distribution on a vertical barrier or breakwater.

Schwartz, L. W.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Use of Seasat satellite radar imagery for the detection of standing water beneath forest vegetation

The Seasat synthetic aperture radar, operating at a 23-cm, L-band wavelength, detected anomalous tonal patterns in areas having relatively uniform vegetable canopy. These anomalously high radar returns were shown to be related more to the underlying terrain (areas of standing water) than to the vegetation canopy. These results show that L-band radars, imaging forested terrain in a Seasat configuration, are sensitive to gross changes in vegetation, and may even penetrate the vegetation canopy, providing an unmistakable radar signature. Properly designed space imaging radar shuttle experiments, using multiple frequency and polarization radars of various depression angles, may provide documentation for a flood-monitoring capability. Height, configuration, and density of the biomass in conjunction with frequency and incidence angle of the imaging system are shown to be important factors in formulating a backscatter model, but the relative significance of each is yet to be determined.

Macdonald, H. C.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Operational evaluation of a proppeller test stand in the quiet flow facility at Langley Research Center

Operational proof tests of a propeller test stand (PTS) in a quiet flow facility (QFF) are presented. The PTS is an experimental test bed for acoustic propeller research in the quiet flow environment of the QFF. These proof tests validate thrust and torque predictions, examine the repeatability of measurements on the PTS, and determine the effect of applying artificial roughness to the propeller blades. Since a thrusting propeller causes an open jet to contract, the potential flow core was surveyed to examine the magnitude of the contraction. These measurements are compared with predicted values. The predictions are used to determine operational limitations for testing a given propeller design in the QFF.

Block, P. J. W.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Standing waves along a microwave generated surface wave plasma

Two surface wave plasma columns, generated by microwave power in argon at gas pressures of 0.05 torr to 330 torr, interact in the same discharge tube to form standing surface waves. Radial electric field and azimuthal magnetic field outside the discharge tube are measured to be 90 deg out of phase with respect to axial position and to decay exponentially with radial distance from the tube axis. Maximum light emission occurs at the position of maximum azimuthal magnetic field and minimum radial electric field. Electron temperature and density are measured at low pressures with double probes inserted into the plasma at a null of radial electric field. Measured electron densities compare well with those predicted by Gould-Trivelpiece surface wave theory.

Rogers, J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

The effects of controls and controllable and storage loads on the performance of stand-alone photovoltaic systems

Stand-alone photovoltaic systems have been modeled and analyzed from sunlight in to consumer product out. By including the consumer product in the analysis, concepts such as 'product storage' (a storage tank for water or cold-plates for refrigeration) and loads controllable by the system controller have been added to the system analysis. From a controls analysis viewpoint, this adds state variables to the system. The result is that the system controller can make operating control decisions on the energy flow between these various system elements to optimize system performance and reduce system cost. The effects on system performance of various control schemes employing these concepts are presented. Analysis of water pumping and/or refrigeration systems show possible performance improvements of greater than 15% with the addition of controllable loads with product storage.

Cull, R. C.↗

NASA NTRS1983

DOE and AID stand-alone photovoltaic activities

The NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) is managing stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system activities sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID). The DOE project includes village PV power demonstration projects in Gabon (four sites) and the Marshall Islands, PV-powered medical refrigerators in six countries, PV system microprocessor control development activities and PV-hybrid system assessments. The AID project includes a large village system in Tunisia, a water pumping/grain grinding project in Upper Volta, five medical clinics in four countries, PV-powered remote earth station application. These PV activities and summarizes significant findings to data are reviewed.

Bifano, W. J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Effects of wind on turbofan engines in outdoor static test stands

Wind can affect measured thrust and can cause turbofan engine speed to fluctuate during outdoor testing. Techniques used at an outdoor test stand at NASA Lewis Research Center to make testing easier and faster and to improve data repeatability include using an inflow control device (ICD) to make fan speed steadier, taking many raw data samples for better averaging, and correcting thrust for wind direction and speed. Data from engine tests are presented to show that the techniques improve repeatability of thrust and airflow measurements under various wind conditions.

Mcardle, J. G.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Photovoltaic stand-alone modular systems, phase 2

The final hardware and system qualification phase of a two part stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system development is covered. The final design incorporated modular, power blocks capable of expanding incrementally from 320 watts to twenty kilowatts (PK). The basic power unit (PU) was nominally rated 1.28 kWp. The controls units, power collection buses and main lugs, electrical protection subsystems, power switching, and load management circuits are housed in a common control enclosure. Photo-voltaic modules are electrically connected in a horizontal daisy-chain method via Amp Solarlok plugs mating with compatible connectors installed on the back side of each photovoltaic module. A pair of channel rails accommodate the mounting of the modules into a frameless panel support structure. Foundations are of a unique planter (tub-like) configuration to allow for world-wide deployment without restriction as to types of soil. One battery string capable of supplying approximately 240 ampere hours nominal of carryover power is specified for each basic power unit. Load prioritization and shedding circuits are included to protect critical loads and selectively shed and defer lower priority or noncritical power demands. The baseline system, operating at approximately 2 1/2 PUs (3.2 kW pk.) was installed and deployed. Qualification was successfully complete in March 1983; since that time, the demonstration system has logged approximately 3000 hours of continuous operation under load without major incident.

Naff, G. J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Formation of standing shocks in stellar winds and related astrophysical flows

Stellar winds and other analogous astrophysical flows can be described, to lowest order, by the familiar one dimensional hydrodynamic equations which, being nonlinear, admit in some instances discontinuous as well as continuous transonic solutions for identical inner boundary conditions. The characteristics of the time dependent differential equations of motion are described to show how a perturbation changes profile in time and, under well defined conditions, develops into a stationary shock discontinuity. The formation of standing shocks in wind type astrophysical flows depends on the fulfillment of appropriate necessary conditions, which are determined by the conservation of mass, momentum and energy across the discontinuity, and certain sufficient conditions, which are determined by the flow's history.

Tsinganos, K.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Effects of wind on turbofan engines in outdoor static test stands

Mcardle, J. G.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Standing hydromagnetic oscillations in the magnetosphere

The mechanisms for generating Alfven waves in the magnetosphere are determined, on the basis of a comprehensive survey of satellite magnetometer data. The mechanisms are classified in terms of the physical properties of standing Alfven waves such as the direction of the major axis of polarization, harmonic mode, and the azimuthal wave number. In an analysis of the statistical organization of the pulsations, it is shown that the most common transverse waves seem to be azimuthally polarized waves involving the fundamental and several harmonics, with radially polarized waves excited at the second harmonic. The former are probably driven externally, while the latter are likely to be excited internally through particle-wave interactions.

Takahashi, K.↗