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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1978

High energy cosmic ray iron spectrum experiment

An instrument containing a gas Cerenkov counter and an iron ionization spectrometer was constructed in order to measure the cosmic-ray iron spectrum to 300 GeV/nucleon. Trajectories of particles were determined by entopistic or position-determining scintillator systems. The geometric factors with and without the gas Cerenkov counter were 0.3 and 0.6 sq m-ster, respectively. The instrument was successfully flown in June 1976 without the spectrometer and in October 1976 with the spectrometer from Palestine, Texas. The June flight yielded 14.5 h of data; the October flight, 25 h.

Arens, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Multibeam 1.4-GHz Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer

Airborne prototype of multiple-beam pushbroom microwave radiometer (PBMR) developed to advance radiometric technology necessary for remote sensing of geophysical parameters. Instrument used in several joint Langley Research Center/United States Department of Agriculture soil-moisture flight experiments in Virginia, Texas, and California. Data from experiments used to modify, develop, and verify algorithms used to predict soil moisture from remote-sensing measurements. Image data useful in study of effects of characters of beams on radiometer imaging data.

Lawrence, Roland W.↗
NASA NTRS2008

Comparisons of Reflectivities from the TRMM Precipitation Radar and Ground-Based Radars

Given the decade long and highly successful Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), it is now possible to provide quantitative comparisons between ground-based radars (GRs) with the space-borne TRMM precipitation radar (PR) with greater certainty over longer time scales in various tropical climatological regions. This study develops an automated methodology to match and compare simultaneous TRMM PR and GR reflectivities at four primary TRMM Ground Validation (GV) sites: Houston, Texas (HSTN); Melbourne, Florida (MELB); Kwajalein, Republic of the Marshall Islands (KWAJ); and Darwin, Australia (DARW). Data from each instrument are resampled into a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The horizontal displacement during the PR data resampling is corrected. Comparisons suggest that the PR suffers significant attenuation at lower levels especially in convective rain. The attenuation correction performs quite well for convective rain but appears to slightly over-correct in stratiform rain. The PR and GR observations at HSTN, MELB and KWAJ agree to about 1 dB on average with a few exceptions, while the GR at DARW requires +1 to -5 dB calibration corrections. One of the important findings of this study is that the GR calibration offset is dependent on the reflectivity magnitude. Hence, we propose that the calibration should be carried out using a regression correction, rather than simply adding an offset value to all GR reflectivities. This methodology is developed towards TRMM GV efforts to improve the accuracy of tropical rain estimates, and can also be applied to the proposed Global Precipitation Measurement and other related activities over the globe.

Wang, Jianxin↗
DOE OSTI2026

Evaluating Limits of Machine Learning-Assisted Raman Spectroscopy in Classification of Biological Samples

Machine learning (ML)-assisted Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful analytical tool for the classification and identification of analytes; however, technical challenges impacting its detection accuracy have not been thoroughly investigated. This study explores experimental factors affecting classification performance. Among the evaluated ML models, ML algorithms show minimal impact on classification accuracy. Instead, experimental factors, including spectral similarity between tested samples and data quality, dominate detection performance. Increases in spectral noise and spectral similarity significantly reduce classification accuracy. In well-controlled samples with low experimental noise, ML-assisted Raman spectroscopy can discriminate lipid mixtures with a composition difference of 1.85 mol %. To assess the effect of biological heterogeneity, we analyzed single-cell Raman spectra from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying single, double, or triple gene mutations. Intrinsic cell-to-cell variability introduced substantial spectral differences, severely reducing the accuracy of multiclass classification of these genetically similar strains at the single-cell level. Averaging Raman spectra across multiple cells improved classification accuracy by reducing this spectral variability. We also assess the effectiveness of transfer learning across different Raman spectrometers, specifically by applying an ML model trained on one instrument to another Raman spectrometer. Transfer learning can be improved with proper instrument calibration, highlighting the importance of instrument standardization. Overall, our results demonstrate that data quality and spectral similarity are the primary bottlenecks in ML-assisted Raman spectroscopy. Careful attention to sample preparation, data acquisition, measurement conditions, and instrument calibration is critical to achieving robust and reliable classification performance.

Fungi↗
DOE OSTI2022

Improving Fission Products at CARIBU: Near Field Detection (Q4/FY22 Quarterly Progress Report)

The beamtime at ANL that was originally scheduled to start on August 12 th was delayed until October due to issues with the CARIBU gas catcher. The repair of the catcher has taken a few weeks but was successful. In preparation for our upcoming measurement, we travelled to Texas A&M to set up and characterize our detection system.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

Magnetic Avalanche Detector using Single-Molecule Magnets

Here we discuss the results of the 9 month add-on project: “Magnetic Avalanche Detector using Single-Molecule Magnets”. The key point of the projects was to design a cryogenic system that is capable of applying magnetic fields high enough to magnetize the Single-Molecule Magnets (SMMs), maintain temperatures below 1K, and be able to detect magnetic avalanches of the SMM domains. We were able to achieve these goals. Our system was able to magnetize and sense the magnetization of SMM crystals. Moreover, we were able to detect avalanche demagnetization events caused by an alpha particle interacting with a magnetized SMM.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1990

A balloon-borne 102-cm telescope for far-infrared astronomy

In the early 1970's, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and the University of Arizona engaged in a cooperative program to develop a balloon-borne 102-cm telescope capable of carrying out far infrared (40 to 250 micron) observations of astronomical interest above the earth's atmosphere. Since 1972, the telescope has flown and successfully recovered a total of nineteen times. Thirteen of the flights produced high-quality astronomical data, resulting in more than 92.5 hours of photometric and spectroscopic observations of numerous objects, such as H 2 regions, dark clouds, molecular clouds, a planetary nebula, a galaxy, the galactic center, the planets, and an asteroid. From the launch site in Palestine, Texas, sources as far south as -50 degrees declination were observed. The balloon-borne telescope was one of the most sensitive instruments ever used for observation in the far infrared region of the spectrum. It was most productive in producing high resolution maps of large areas (typically square degrees) centered on known H 2 regions, molecular clouds, and dark cloud complexes. In many cases, these scans produced the first far infrared maps of these regions, and many new sources were discovered. The results have led to a better understanding of the distribution of gas and dust in these regions, the evolution of H 2 regions, and the processes of star formation in giant molecular clouds. The following topics are presented: (1) the focal plane instrumentation; (2) the history and flight record; (3) scientific results and publications; (4) eduational aspects; and (5) future planes.

Fazio, Giovanni G.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Restoration of Apollo Data by the NSSDC and the PDS Lunar Data Node

The Lunar Data Node (LDN), under the auspices of the Geosciences Node of the Planetary Data System (PDS), is restoring Apollo data archived at the National Space Science Data Center. The Apollo data were arch ived on older media (7 -track tapes. microfilm, microfiche) and in ob solete digital formats, which limits use of the data. The LDN is maki ng these data accessible by restoring them to standard formats and archiving them through PDS. The restoration involves reading the older m edia, collecting supporting data (metadata), deciphering and understa nding the data, and organizing into a data set. The data undergo a pe er review before archive at PDS. We will give an update on last year' s work. We have scanned notebooks from Otto Berg, P.1. for the Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment. These notebooks contain information on the data and calibration coefficients which we hope to be able to use to restore the raw data into a usable archive. We have scanned Ap ollo 14 and 15 Dust Detector data from microfilm and are in the proce ss of archiving thc scans with PDS. We are also restoring raw dust de tector data from magnetic tape supplied by Yosio Nakamura (UT Austin) . Seiichi Nagihara (Texas Tech Univ.) and others in cooperation with NSSDC are recovering ARCSAV tapes (tapes containing raw data streams from all the ALSEP instruments). We will be preparing these data for archive with PDS. We are also in the process of recovering and archivi ng data not previously archived, from the Apollo 16 Gamma Ray Spectro meter and the Apollo 17 Infrared Spectrometer.

Williams, David R.↗
DOE OSTI2024

In-flight performance of S PIDER'S 280-GHz receivers

S PIDER is a balloon-borne instrument designed to map the cosmic microwave background at degree-angular scales in the presence of Galactic foregrounds. S PIDER has mapped a large sky area in the Southern Hemisphere using more than 2000 transition-edge sensors (TESs) during two NASA Long Duration Balloon flights above the Antarctic continent. During its first flight in January 2015, S PIDER observed in the 95 GHz and 150 GHz frequency bands, setting constraints on the B-mode signature of primordial gravitational waves. Its second flight in the 2022-23 season added new receivers at 280 GHz, each using an array of TESs coupled to the sky through feedhorns formed from stacks of silicon wafers. Here, these receivers are optimized to produce deep maps of polarized Galactic dust emission over a large sky area, providing a unique data set with lasting value to the field. In this work, we describe the instrument’s performance during S PIDER'S second flight.

280 GHz cosmology↗
DOE OSTI2020

X-ray CT Scans - Bats (Set 6)

A collection of x-ray computed tomography scans of Myotis keaysi pilosotibialis specimens from Texas A&Ms Biodiveristy Research and Teaching Collections.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Observation of Pollution Events at Low Altitude During TRACER-AQ – The Advantage of Adaptive Resolution Lidar

The TRACER-AQ campaign happened in August-September 2021 in Houston, Texas. Its objective was to better understand the pollution events in the coastal environment and to evaluate models and satellite observations. As a supporting instrument, NASA’s Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL) was installed on the Houston campus, adjacent to University of Houston’s air-quality site, and performed observations of ozone and aerosols. Co-located instrumentation included a Pandora spectrophotometer, in-situ trace-gas measurements, and ozonesonde launches. Thanks to an adaptive resolution retrieval scheme, LMOL was able to detect thin-layer O3 structures at low (~200m) altitude that are not captured by the ozonesondes, and would ordinarily be missed with traditional coarse TOLNet lidar vertical averaging. We show that some of these features are not present in the models and are likely coming from local, industry-generated, emissions.

Guillaume Gronoff↗
NASA NTRS1978

Patient Monitoring

In photo above, the electrocardiogram of a hospitalized patient is being transmitted by telemetry. Widely employed in space operations, telemetry is a process wherein instrument data is converted to electrical signals and sent to a receiver where the signals are reconverted to usable information. In this instance, heart readings are picked up by the electrode attached to the patient's body and delivered by wire to the small box shown, which is a telemetry transmitter. The signals are relayed wirelessly to the console in the background, which converts them to EKG data. The data is displayed visually and recorded on a printout; at the same time, it is transmitted to a central control station (upper photo) where a nurse can monitor the condition of several patients simultaneously. The Patient Monitoring System was developed by SCI Systems, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama, in conjunction with Abbott Medical Electronics, Houston, Texas. In developing the system, SCI drew upon its extensive experience as a NASA contractor. The company applied telemetry technology developed for the Saturn launch vehicle and the Apollo spacecraft; instrumentation technology developed for heart, blood pressure and sleep monitoring of astronauts aboard NASA's Skylab long duration space station; and communications technology developed for the Space Shuttle.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2023

Test Flights of NOAA Ozone Photometer for Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS)/Balloon-Based Studies (OPUS) during TRACER (Field Campaign Report)

We proposed to integrate and fly the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ozone Photometer for Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS)/Balloon-Based Studies (OPUS) on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility’s tethered balloon system (TBS) during the second phase (August 1-15) of the 2022 Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment (TRACER) in southwest Houston, Texas. The two main goals were: 1) Test fly the sensor to discover and address any potential problems such as interface and communication with other instruments, interferences with other instruments and radio, and 2) If OPUS performs well, then inter-compare OPUS with the EN-SCI ozonesondes that will also be flown on the TBS. The collaborating institutions are DOE Sandia National Laboratories TBS team, the University of Houston, and St. Edward's University.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1983

Nature of the H chondrite parent body regolith - Evidence from the Dimmitt breccia

Meteorite regolith breccias are clastic rocks which formed by lithification of fragmental regolith material that once resided at the surface of a meteorite parent body. A study is reported of the matrix and 21 clasts of various sizes (0.2-24 mm) in the Dimmitt H chondrite regolith breccia using petrographic and electron microprobe techniques. In addition, oxygen isotope studies of three clasts and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and Ar-39/Ar-40 age dating of one clast are reported. The Dimmitt meteorite was found about 1942 near Dimmitt, Texas. Attention is given to analytical procedures, the clastic matrix, equilibrated clasts, poikilitic melt-rock clast, clasts of different chondrite groups, graphite-magnetite aggregates, the origin of exotic clasts, and the complexity of parent body surfaces processes.

Rubin, A. E.↗
NASA NTRS2011

ISSARS Aerosol Database : an Incorporation of Atmospheric Particles into a Universal Tool to Simulate Remote Sensing Instruments

The Instrument Simulator Suite for Atmospheric Remote Sensing (ISSARS) entered its third and final year of development with an overall goal of providing a unified tool to simulate active and passive space borne atmospheric remote sensing instruments. These simulations focus on the atmosphere ranging from UV to microwaves. ISSARS handles all assumptions and uses various models on scattering and microphysics to fill the gaps left unspecified by the atmospheric models to create each instrument's measurements. This will help benefit mission design and reduce mission cost, create efficient implementation of multi-instrument/platform Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE), and improve existing models as well as new advanced models in development. In this effort, various aerosol particles are incorporated into the system, and a simulation of input wavelength and spectral refractive indices related to each spherical test particle(s) generate its scattering properties and phase functions. These atmospheric particles being integrated into the system comprise the ones observed by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MISR) and by the Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager(MSPI). In addition, a complex scattering database generated by Prof. Ping Yang (Texas A&M) is also incorporated into this aerosol database. Future development with a radiative transfer code will generate a series of results that can be validated with results obtained by the MISR and MSPI instruments; nevertheless, test cases are simulated to determine the validity of various plugin libraries used to determine or gather the scattering properties of particles studied by MISR and MSPI, or within the Single-scattering properties of tri-axial ellipsoidal mineral dust particles database created by Prof. Ping Yang.

Instrument Simulator Suite for Atmospheric Remote ↗
NASA NTRS2008

TES Carbon Monoxide Validation during the Two AVE Campaigns using the Argus and ALIAS Instruments on NASA's WB-57F

The Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) focuses on validating Aura satellite measurements of important atmospheric trace gases using ground-based, aircraft, and balloon-borne instruments. Global satellite observations of CO from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the EOS Aura satellite have been ongoing since September 2004. This paper discusses CO validation experiments during the Oct-AVE (2004 Houston, Texas) and CR-AVE (2006 San Jose, Costa Rica) campaigns. The coincidences in location and time between the satellite observations and the available in situ profiles for some cases are not ideal. However, the CO distribution patterns in the two validation flight areas are shown to have very little variability in the aircraft and satellite . observations, thereby making them suitable for validation comparisons. TES CO profiles, which typically have a retrieval uncertainty of 10-20%, are compared with in situ CO measurements from NASA Ames Research Center's Argus instrument taken on board the WB-57F aircraft during Oct-AVE. TES CO retrievals during CR-AVE are compared with in situ measurements from Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Aircraft Laser Infrared Absorption Spectrometer (ALIAS) instrument as well as with the Argus instrument, both taken on board the WB-57F aircraft. During CR-AVE, the average overall difference between ALIAS and Argus CO was 4%, with the ALIAS measurement higher. During individual flights, 2-min time-averaged differences between the two in situ instruments had standard deviation of 14%. The TES averaging kernels and a priori constraint profiles for CO are applied to the in situ data for proper comparisons to account for the reduced vertical resolution and the influence of the a priori in the satellite-derived profile. In the TES sensitive pressure range, approx.700-200 hPa, the in situ profiles and TES profiles agree within 5-10%, less than the variability in CO distributions obtained by both TES and the aircraft instruments in the two regions. TES CO is slightly lower than in situ measurements in the Houston area (midlatitudes) and slightly higher than in situ CO measurements in the Costa Rica region (tropical).

Lopez, Jinena P.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Finite element analysis of the impact of beam heating mode in molten salt corrosion experiments employing simultaneous ion irradiation

Finite element analysis was used to investigate the temperature and stress profiles that develop in 316L stainless steel membranes being irradiated using different proton beam conditions in contact with a molten salt environment. It was shown that in addition to a nonuniform irradiation profile, a focused 2 MeV proton beam leads to very strong temperature and stress gradients in the membrane, introducing highly localized driving forces that complicate and even compromise the integrity and reliability of the experimental results of corrosion studies. Here, the use of a focused beam in corrosion studies can create experimental artifacts that may misrepresent the true corrosion behavior. In contrast, the use of a rastered beam is shown to distribute the protons and resulting radiation damage uniformly across the membrane face, and more importantly, results in temperature and stress profiles that are not only very uniform but are of much lower magnitude. The use of a rastered beam during molten salt corrosion experiments is therefore recommended to achieve uniform damage rates, thereby reducing both gradients and magnitudes of the temperature and stress distributions.

43 - PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗