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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1991

Scramjet combustor analysis with the SHIP3D PNS code

The SHIP3D PNS code has the capability to perform 3D computations of scramjet combustors efficiently at flight Mach numbers of 10 and above, where the combustor flow is mostly supersonic. The fast solution times make skin friction and heat transfer calculations feasible and permit the utilization of multiequation turbulence models. Application of this relatively uncomplicated methodology to compute scramjet combustor flow fields and heat transfer is presented with particular emphasis on the treatment of ramp fuel injectors.

Kamath, Pradep S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

NASA technology utilization program: The small business market

Technology transfer programs were studied to determine how they might be more useful to the small business community. The status, needs, and technology use patterns of small firms are reported. Small business problems and failures are considered. Innovation, capitalization, R and D, and market share problems are discussed. Pocket, captive, and new markets are summarized. Small manufacturers and technology acquisition are discussed, covering external and internal sources, and NASA technology. Small business and the technology utilization program are discussed, covering publications and industrial applications centers. Observations and recommendations include small business market development and contracting, and NASA management technology.

Vannoy, J. K.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Technology transfer - The NASA perspective

Domestic and international NASA technology utilization experiences are described together with prospects for applying technology to problems of local and state governments. Transfer mechanisms used by NASA to introduce new technology in both the private and public sectors of the domestic scene are discussed, and attention is given to experiences gained in a pilot program designed to establish a refined methodology for the transfer of aerospace-developed technology to developing nations. Technical assistance to local and state governments involves applications of NASA experiences to further the constructive involvement of industry.

Carlson, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS2023

ChIPPS: Charged Information-storage Polymer Preparation System

Technological advances are required to support principal science objectives of missions to the solar system’s icy worlds to seek biosignatures of past/extant life. Sensitivity and reliability are key concerns due to small sample sizes (µL – mL) and the extraordinary import of the results. The preparation and processing of small samples can constrain limits of detection (LoDs); therefore, the Charged Information-storage Polymer Preparation System (ChIPPS) project is advancing the technologies of autonomous sample preparation and processing to add a new class of reliably detectable biosignatures: charged polymers and particles, which can be the information storage-and-transmission means for life. Specifically, we are developing an integrated microfluidic sample-processing unit to prepare icy-world samples to support complementary solid-state nanopore-based analyses: 1) charged-polymer analysis, to characterize variations in polymer chain size, shape, and charge vs. position along the chain; 2) polymer and nanoparticle sizing-and-counting, to characterize the relative abundance of polymer chains, as well as small (virus-sized) particles, by their dimensions and charge. Although no such autonomous system presently exists, such measurements can reveal the nature and abundance of charged polymers that could be used by biological systems to store and transfer information—as DNA and RNA are used terrestrially—without limitation to terrestrial nucleic acids, given that life elsewhere may utilize different information store-and-transfer moieties. Key system components include (a) a lysis unit for mechanical sample disruption; b) an ion-exchange column for charged macromolecule/nanoparticle purification; c) dialyzer to remove excess salt; d) concentrator to enhance signal; e) supporting pumps, valves, bubble traps, connectors, filters, etc.; f) interface to nanopore detection instruments.

Space Biology↗
NASA NTRS2002

Spinoff 2002: Fortieth Anniversary Technology Utilization Program

Since its inception 40 years ago, NASA's Technology Transfer Program has led the way for our nation to benefit from cutting-edge aerospace technologies. In addition to contributing to U.S. economic growth, these technologies are improving the quality of life on Earth while finding new ways to protect and preserve it. NASA's research and development efforts have advanced areas in medicine, communications, manufacturing, computer technology, and homeland security. These breakthroughs, translated into commercial products, are enhancing the lives of Americans everywhere. When a congressional mandate led NASA to develop the Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program, the Agency began a wide dissemination of its research and development results. In doing so, NASA recognized that many of its technologies were transferable to industry for the development of commercial products. As a result, the Technology Utilization Program was born in 1962. The successful program went through several changes over the years, as its philosophy, mission, and goals adapted into the Technology Transfer Program we know today. The program strives to make the latest technologies available to industry as soon as they are developed. Each year, NASA's Spinoff publication showcases new products and services resulting from commercial partnerships between NASA and private industry. In the 2002 issue, the NASA field centers reflect upon the growth that has made these innovations available to the public. The Research and Development section examines past achievements, current successes, and future goals for each of the ten NASA centers. The Commercial Benefits section proudly highlights 51 new spinoff products, including a heart pump for patients needing a heart transplant, as well as an air purifier that destroys anthrax spores. The Technology Transfer and Outreach section describes the outreach achievements and educational successes made possible through the NASA Commercial Technology Network. Each section of Spinoff 2002 provides compelling evidence of the Technology Transfer Program's success and value. With commercial products and successes spanning from work on the Apollo missions to the International Space Station, the 40th anniversary of the Technology Transfer Program invites us to celebrate our history while planning the future.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

A rationale for technology transfer

Specific contributions of the NASA Technology Utilization Program are outlined, including: improved firefighting equipment, electrical implants for medical purposes, and improved methods of weather forecasting. Cooperation between NASA and other organizations in both the public and private sectors is stressed.

Gray, E. Z.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Bulk ice characterization using coupled cloud, multiparameter radar, and radiative transfer models

The study demonstrates the potential utility of employing scattering-based passive microwave channels (not less than 37 GHz) to estimate the amount of ice water path that exists above rain in precipitating clouds. This methodology can be used along with lower-frequency emission-based channels to infer the columnar melt water and ice water paths. Portions of the ice column that coexist with cloud water hide the usually steep brightness temperature cooling through this region and inhibit characterization of the total ice column.

Turk, J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

An evaluation of ablative materials for a lunar transfer vehicle aerobrake

An evaluation of the utility of an ablative thermal protection system (TPS) for use on a lunar mission return aerobrake has been completed. Requirements are established and criteria developed specifically for the ablator application. A quantitative and qualitative multi-attribute utility analysis is employed to establish a relative ranking among candidates and a performance threshold. A review of the applicable existing ablator material database is made and appropriate thermochemical/melting ablation analysis is employed to evaluate thermal performance. Ablatives are shown to be potentially both performance capable and cost effective in single-use roles. Reusable surface insulation is also shown to be competitive as an ablator with certain modifications.

Lane, J. G.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)

This AES project has been transferred to the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) as of September, 2020.

Diane Linne↗
NASA NTRS1992

Effects of the cooling system parameters on heat transfer and performance of the PAFC stack during transient operation

An experimental investigation for the effects of transient operation of a phosphoric acid fuel-cell stack on heat transfer and temperature distribution in the electrodes has been conducted. The proposed work utilized the experimental setup with modifications, which was designed and constructed under NASA Contract No. NCC-3-17(5). The experimental results obtained from this investigation and the mathematical model obtained under NASA Contract No. NCC3-17(4) after modifications, were utilized to develop mathematical models for transient heat transfer coefficient and temperature distribution in the electrode and to evaluate the performance of the cooling - system under unsteady state conditions. The empirical formulas developed were then implemented to modifying the developed computer code. Two incompressible coolants were used to study experimentally the effect of the thermophysical properties of the cool-ants on the transient heat transfer coefficient and the thermal contact resistance during start-up and shut-down processes. Coolant mass flow rates were verified from 16 to 88.2 Kg/hr during the transient process when the electrical power supply was gradually increased or decreased in the range (O to 3000 W/sq m). The effect of the thermal contact resistance with a range of stack pressure from O to 3500 KPa was studied.

Ridha, Rabi M. J.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Assimilation of CrIS Shortwave Infrared Channels into the GEOS Atmospheric Data Assimilation System

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in using the 4.3 μmshortwave infrared (SWIR) band for temperature sounding. This is in part brought on by proposed cubesat missions sensing the 4.3 μmband such as MiSTIC and CIRAS. Jones et al. has shown that shortwave infrared channels on CrIScan be used effectively in NOAA's Global Forecast and Data Assimilation System (GDAS). In this work a similar study is presented using the Goddard Earth Observing System - Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (GEOS-ADAS). Results from Observing System Experiments (OSEs) utilizing SWIR CrISare presented using standard community accepted forecast metrics including Forecast Sensitivity to Observation Impact (FSOI), and an assessment of vertical sensitivity using Jacobians from the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). The implications and utility within the GEOS-ADAS for future NASA GMAO products are discussed.

Bryan M Karpowicz↗
NASA NTRS1976

ERDA-NASA wind energy project ready to involve users

The NASA contribution to the Wind Energy Project is discussed. NASA is responsible for the following: (1) identification of cost-effective configurations and sizes of wind-conversion systems, (2) the development of technology needed to produce these systems, (3) the design of wind-conversion systems that are compatible with user requirements, particularly utility networks, and (4) technology transfer obtained from the program to stimulate rapid commercial application of wind systems. Various elements of the NASA program are outlined, including industry-built user operation, the evaluation phase, the proposed plan and schedule for site selection and user involvement, supporting research and technology (e.g., energy storage), and component and subsystem technology development.

Thomas, R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Floppy disk utility user's guide

A floppy disk utility program is described which transfers programs between files on a hard disk and floppy disk. It also copies the data on one floppy disk onto another floppy disk and compares the data. The program operates on the Data General NOVA-4X under the Real Time Disk Operating System. Sample operations are given.

Akers, J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Application of digital terrain data to quantify and reduce the topographic effect on Landsat data

Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data are integrated with 30 m US Geological Survey digital terrain data to quantify and reduce topographic effects on imagery of a forested mountain ridge in central Pennsylvania. Spectral band ratioing slightly decreased variation of Landsat data for 50% of the transects and could not eliminate direct-light topographic effects. A Lambertian model increased topographic effect, and a modified Lambertian model decreased variation produced by the original model, but gave higher variances than found in the raw Landsat data. A non-Lambertian model, however, decreased variation by 86%, reducing topographic effects. The study demonstrated that high quality digital terrain data can be used to develop and test improved radiative transfer models, and enhance the utility of MSS data.

Justice, C. O.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Executive control systems in the engineering design environment

An executive control system (ECS) is a software structure for unifying various applications codes into a comprehensive system. It provides a library of applications, a uniform access method through a cental user interface, and a data management facility. A survey of twenty-four executive control systems designed to unify various CAD/CAE applications for use in diverse engineering design environments within government and industry was conducted. The goals of this research were to establish system requirements to survey state-of-the-art architectural design approaches, and to provide an overview of the historical evolution of these systems. Foundations for design are presented and include environmental settings, system requirements, major architectural components, and a system classification scheme based on knowledge of the supported engineering domain(s). An overview of the design approaches used in developing the major architectural components of an ECS is presented with examples taken from the surveyed systems. Attention is drawn to four major areas of ECS development: interdisciplinary usage; standardization; knowledge utilization; and computer science technology transfer.

Hurst, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Executive control systems in the engineering design environment

Executive Control Systems (ECSs) are software structures for the unification of various engineering design application programs into comprehensive systems with a central user interface (uniform access) method and a data management facility. Attention is presently given to the most significant determinations of a research program conducted for 24 ECSs, used in government and industry engineering design environments to integrate CAD/CAE applications programs. Characterizations are given for the systems' major architectural components and the alternative design approaches considered in their development. Attention is given to ECS development prospects in the areas of interdisciplinary usage, standardization, knowledge utilization, and computer science technology transfer.

Hurst, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Experiments for the determination of convective diffusion heat/mass transfer to burner rig test targets comparable in size to jet stream diameter

The application of a recently formulated vapor transport theory to predict deposition rates of corrosive salts from alkali-seeded combustion gases of a small-capacity, high-velocity, atmospheric-pressure burner rig was hampered by the relatively large dimensions of the cylindrical deposit collector compared to the diameter of the combustion gas stream. The relative dimensions lead to a highly nonadiabatic combustion gas flow around the collector and necessitate two series of experiments. In the first series, mass transfer coefficients are determined by utilizing the naphthalene sublimation technique. The second series of experiments determines the dilution effect on the sodium species concentrations due to the entrainment of ambient air. This second series involves the measurement of the temperature variation along the surface of the collector under steady state conditions. Vapor deposition rates are determined exploiting this information and the results are found to compare favorably with experimentally obtained rates.

Santoro, G. J.↗