Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “activity report”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS)

To achieve the ambitious net-zero emission goal by 2050, it is vital to explore practical approaches for removing carbon dioxide from the air. One promising method is Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS). BiCRS combines the natural ability of plants to convert carbon dioxide into biomass with human engineering to store the biomass, or derived products (char), belowground where it won't decompose. By securely storing these materials underground, we can trap the carbon dioxide absorbed by the plants during their growth, thus aiding in carbon removal from the atmosphere. BiCRS not only addresses carbon emissions but also has co-benefits such as wildfire risk reduction by utilizing forest residues. It is essential to establish best practices to ensure accurate measurements of net carbon dioxide removed by BiCRS for policymakers, businesses and communities. Presently, there is a lack of consistent methods for calculating these removals, considering variables like plant type, storage conditions, and conditions for converting the biomass to other products for storage like char. This project develops guidelines for monitoring and reporting BiCRS activities, offering a dependable framework for measuring carbon dioxide removal, enabling adoption of transparent BiCRS approaches for making significant contributions to reducing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

biomass carbon removal and storage↗
DOE OSTI2024

Ecological Monitoring and Compliance Program 2023 Report

Annual report of activities conducted under the EMAC program including biological surveys, desert tortoise compliance, ecosystem monitoring, sensitive and protected/regulated plant and animal monitoring, and habitat restoration implementation and monitoring.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Program, Model Year 2023 Annual Report

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct) was enacted in part to reduce the nation's dependence on imported petroleum. Provisions of EPAct require certain fleets to acquire alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The U.S. Department of Energy administers these requirements through its State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Program, Federal Fleet Requirements, and Alternative Fuel Designation Authority. This report summarizes activities under the program during model year 2023.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electro-Thermal Characterization of Dynamical VO 2 Memristors via Local Activity Modeling

We report translating the surging interest in neuromorphic electronic components, such as those based on nonlinearities near Mott transitions, into large-scale commercial deployment faces steep challenges in the current lack of means to identify and design key material parameters. These issues are exemplified by the difficulties in connecting measurable material properties to device behavior via circuit element models. Here, the principle of local activity is used to build a model of VO 2 /SiN Mott threshold switches by sequentially accounting for constraints from a minimal set of quasistatic and dynamic electrical and high-spatial-resolution thermal data obtained via in situ thermoreflectance mapping. By combining independent data sets for devices with varying dimensions, the model is distilled to measurable material properties, and device scaling laws are established. The model can accurately predict electrical and thermal conductivities and capacitances and locally active dynamics (especially persistent spiking self-oscillations). The systematic procedure by which this model is developed has been a missing link in predictively connecting neuromorphic device behavior with their underlying material properties, and should enable rapid screening of material candidates before employing expensive manufacturing processes and testing procedures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Examination of Genetic Control Elements in the Phototrophic Firmicute Heliomicrobium modesticaldum

Heliomicrobium modesticaldum has been used as a model organism for the Heliobacteria, the only phototrophic family in the Firmicutes. It is a moderately thermophilic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium that is capable of fermentative growth in the dark. The genetic manipulation of H. modesticaldum is still in its infancy. Methods to introduce genes through the use of exogenous plasmids and to delete genes from the chromosome through the use of the native CRISPR/Cas system have been developed in the last several years. To expand our genetic toolkit, it was necessary to control gene expression. In this study, we analyzed constitutive and inducible promoters developed for clostridia for their use in H. modesticaldum and further tested two reporters, adhB and lacZ, as indicators of promoter strength. Alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) was unsuitable as a reporter in this species due to high endogenous activity and/or low activity of the reporter, but a thermostable LacZ worked well as a reporter. A set of constitutive promoters previously reported to work in Clostridium thermocellum was found to be reliable for controlling the expression of the lacZ reporter gene in H. modesticaldum at a range of activities spanning an order of magnitude. An anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter was created by inserting tetO operators into a strong constitutive promoter, but it was not fully repressible. The implementation of a xylose-inducible promoter resulted in complete repression of β-gal in the absence of xylose, and reliable expression tunable through the concentration of xylose added to the culture.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

A two-directional vibrational probe reveals different electric field orientations in solution and an enzyme active site

We report the catalytic power of an electric field depends on its magnitude and orientation with respect to the reactive chemical species. Understanding and designing new catalysts for electrostatic catalysis thus requires methods to measure the electric field orientation and magnitude at the molecular scale. We demonstrate that electric field orientations can be extracted using a two-directional vibrational probe by exploiting the vibrational Stark effect of both the C=O and C–D stretches of a deuterated aldehyde. Combining spectroscopy with molecular dynamics and electronic structure partitioning methods, we demonstrate that, despite distinct polarities, solvents act similarly in their preference for electrostatically stabilizing large bond dipoles at the expense of destabilizing small ones. In contrast, we find that for an active-site aldehyde inhibitor of liver alcohol dehydrogenase, the electric field orientation deviates markedly from that found in solvents, which provides direct evidence for the fundamental difference between the electrostatic environment of solvents and that of a preorganized enzyme active site.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modified biosensors and biocatalysts and methods of use

Biosensors including a nucleic acid encoding a PcaU protein, a PobR protein, a CatM protein, a PcaR protein, or a TphR protein are provided. In some examples, the biosensors include a promoter regulated by the sensed molecule operably linked to a reporter gene. The biosensors may be included in a vector or in cells including one or more of the biosensors or vectors. Modified chorismate pyruvate lyase (UbiC) and modified paraoxonase (PON1) proteins including one or more amino acid substitutions are provided. Finally, methods of selecting biocatalysts with increased activity including transforming a library of cells expressing a biosensor with one or more nucleic acids encoding one or more mutations in a gene involved in a biosynthesis pathway, determining activity of the reporter protein; and selecting a cell with increased reporter protein activity as expressing a biocatalyst with increased activity are provided.

Jha, Ramesh K.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Plutonium(III) versus uranium(III) and samarium(III) in small molecule activation chemistry

We report the PuIII complex, [PuIII(CpMe4)3] (1-Pu), and demonstrate its differences in small molecule reactivity compared to the UIII and SmIII analogs, [UIII(CpMe4)3] (1-U) and [SmIII(CpMe4)3] (1-Sm), respectively. 1-Pu reductively cleaves the small molecule (PhS)2, affording a PuIII complex, [{PuIII(CpMe4)2}2(μ-SPh)2] (2-Pu), while retaining the PuIII center and eliminating (CpMe4)2 as a by-product, a fingerprint of a sterically induced reduction (SIR) reaction. Sm is often used as a surrogate for Pu, but the analogous [SmIII(CpMe4)3], (1-Sm), is unreactive. The (PhS)2 cleavage by 1-U proceeds solely via a metal-based oxidation (i.e., UIII → UIV), to form [UIV(CpMe4)3(SPh)] (3-U). Only 1-U reacts with (PhHN)2, affording the reductive cleavage product, [UIV(CpMe4)3(NHPh)] (4-U). The difference in reactivity of 1-Pu compared to complexes 1-Sm and 1-U was unexpected, and since SIR chemistry can enable complexes to participate in otherwise impossible reductive transformation of substrates, this reinforces the importance of studying small molecule reactivity with the transuranic elements.

Keener, Megan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Technical Interface Coordination with SHINE (FY2020 Summary)

In FY20, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) performed technical interface coordination with SHINE including coordination of SHINE CFD and thermal hydraulics conference calls, national laboratory conference calls, and program management activities such as reporting and tracking requirements for current FY20 activities. SHINE did not request any general technology consultation support for emergent issues. LANL has participated in the bi-weekly conference calls with SHINE and other national laboratories regarding LANL’s current activities. Activities discussed include the Supo 3-D CFD model geometry validation, releasing the CFD-MCNP coupled codes for the generic solution vessel simulations, and the ANL bubble experiment #2 design, preparation, and collaboration.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scoping Review of Global Offshore Geologic Carbon Storage Activities

This technical report documents an inventory of offshore geologic carbon storage (GCS) sites globally, with a focus on existing, operating international sites and those characterized in the United States, indicating the type and variety of GCS efforts. Regional overviews provide a high-level understanding of basin-scale geology and history of GCS globally. Key aspects documented in this review include geological formation types, depth, play style, project size, timeline, existing infrastructure, environmental challenges, and potential risks. This review also includes a summary of the regulatory frameworks globally, as well as environmental, social, and commercial considerations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scoping Review of Global Offshore Geologic Carbon Storage Activities

This technical report documents an inventory of offshore geologic carbon storage (GCS) sites globally, with a focus on existing, operating international sites and those characterized in the United States, indicating the type and variety of GCS efforts. Regional overviews provide a high level understanding of basin-scale geology and history of GCS globally. Key aspects documented in this review include geological formation types, depth, play style, project size, timeline, existing infrastructure, environmental challenges, and potential risks. This review also includes a summary of the regulatory frameworks globally, as well as environmental, social, and commercial considerations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Corrective Action Management Unit Report of Post-Closure Care Activities. Calendar Year 2020

he Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU) at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) consists of a containment cell and ancillary systems that underwent closure in 2003 in accordance with the Closure Plan in Appendix D of the Class 3 Permit Modification (SNL/NM September 1997). The containment cell was closed with wastes in place. On January 27, 2015, the New Mexico Environment Department issued the Hazardous Waste Facility Operating Permit (Permit) for Sandia National Laboratories (NMED January 2015) to the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) and its Management and Operating (M&O) contractor. The current M&O contractor is National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS). The Permit became effective February 26, 2015. The CAMU is undergoing post-closure care in accordance with the Permit, as revised and updated. This CAMU Report of Post-Closure Care Activities documents all activities and results for calendar year (CY) 2020, as required by the Permit.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2020

Corrective Action Management Unit Report of Post-Closure Care Activities Calendar Year 2019

The Corrective Action Management Unit (CAMU) at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) consists of a containment cell and ancillary systems that underwent closure in 2003 in accordance with the Closure Plan in Appendix D of the Class 3 Permit Modification (SNL/NM September 1997). The containment cell was closed with wastes in place. On January 27, 2015, the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) issued the Hazardous Waste Facility Operating Permit (Permit) for Sandia National Laboratories (NMED January 2015) to the U.S. Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) and its Management and Operating (M&O) contractor. The current M&O contractor is National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC (NTESS). The Permit became effective February 26, 2015. The CAMU is undergoing post-closure care in accordance with the Permit, as revised and updated. This CAMU Report of Post-Closure Care Activities documents all activities and results for calendar year (CY) 2019, as required by the Permit.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

PtRu Catalysts on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes with Conformal Hydrogenated TiO 2 Shells for Methanol Oxidation

The methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is the limiting factor in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). There is an urgent need to improve the catalytic activity and stability of MOR catalysts. This study reports a highly active PtRu catalyst for MOR based on a hybrid multifunctional catalyst support consisting of a conformal amorphous hydrogenated TiO 2 shell wrapped around the oxygenated N-doped carbon nanotube core, denoted as PtRu/TiO 2 / ONCNT-400. Both the TiO 2 shell and the subsequent PtRu nanoparticles are deposited by a rapid microwave-assisted synthesis processes. The hydrogenated TiO 2 shell is found to exhibit a strong interaction with the deposited PtRu catalyst nanoparticles and effectively prevent them from agglomeration during the postdeposition thermal annealing to form more active crystalline PtRu alloy catalysts. In addition, the defective hydrogenated TiO 2 shell enhances the PtRu catalyst activity by the synergistic effects of partial charge transfer from TiO 2 to PtRu and high oxophilicity, which improves the kinetics of oxidation of poisonous CO intermediate to CO 2 . The mass activity for MOR and long-cycling stability of the PtRu/TiO 2 /ONCNT-400 catalyst surpass the two benchmark commercial PtRu/C catalysts from Johnson Matthey (JM) and Tanaka KiKinzoku (TKK), respectively. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that PtRu/TiO 2 /ONCNT-400 can serve as an efficient catalyst for MOR in DMFC.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nickel Enhances InPd-Catalyzed Nitrate Reduction Activity and N 2 Selectivity

Palladium–indium (PdIn) is a well-established bimetallic composition for reductively degrading nitrate anions, one of the most ubiquitous contaminants in the groundwater. However, the scarcity and the variable price of these rare-earth and platinum group critical metals may hinder their use for water treatment. Nickel (Ni), a nonprecious metal in the same element group as Pd, could partially replace and lower Pd usage if the resulting trimetallic composition is sufficiently catalytically active. Herein, we report the synthesis and nitrate reduction catalysis of activated carbon-supported “In-on-Pd-on-Ni” catalysts (InPdNi/AC). While bimetallic InPd/AC (0.05 wt % In, 1.3 wt % Pd) was expectedly active, trimetallic InPdNi/AC containing the same In amount, much less Pd (0.1 wt %), and 1 wt % Ni was >17 more active (k cat ≈ 20 vs 349 L min –1 g surface metal –1 ). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that Pd gained electron density from Ni, correlating to the increased nitrate reduction activity. Ammonium byproduct selectivity for InPdNi/AC (18% at 50% nitrate conversion) was lower compared to that of InPd/AC (48%), suggestive of the higher surface coverage of NO or its greater reactivity with NO 2 – , which led to more N 2 . Accounting for the catalyst precursor, manufacturing costs, and spent metal recovery, we calculated that Ni incorporation lowered the net catalyst cost significantly (from $\$$1028/kg to $\$$170/kg). The trimetallic composition lowered, by ∼26 times, the catalyst cost of a stirred tank reactor sized to the same treatment capacity as that for the bimetallic case. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the partial replacement of the precious metal with an earth-abundant one leads to a higher efficiency and lower cost denitrification catalyst, via a material strategy that should be beneficial for other clean-water catalytic systems.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2020

A novel poplar biomass germplasm resource for functional genomics and breeding. Final report addendum

In this report, we report and update activities associated with co-PI Groover. This report is an addendum to the full report detailing genomic objectives associated with the project, submitted by PI Luca Comai and co-PI Isabelle Henry. The Groover lab is leading the efforts to produce and replicate poplar irradiation and control hybrids genotypes, and phenotype the hybrids. These efforts are coordinated with Comai and Henry to ensure the most promising hybrids are included for field and greenhouse-based studies, and to link the genomic and phenotypic analyses.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modeling support for the development of material surveillance specimens and procedures

This report describes modeling and simulation activities performed at Argonne National Laboratory supporting the development of passively actuated mechanical test articles for material surveillance in Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs). These test articles are a critical technology in formulating material surveillance programs for future MSRs to monitor the degradation in the structural properties of the materials in critical plant components. The main activity described in this report is the development of a method for inferring the amount of mechanical damage a test article has experienced during some duration of exposure to plant thermal and environmental conditions, using only mechanical test data collected from the test articles before and after exposure. The basic approach is to develop a model of the test article, including a description of mechanical degradation through continuum damage mechanics, and then use this model to cast the problem of inferring mechanical degradation in the test article materials into a shooting problem for a set of ordinary differential equations. We can then solve the shooting problem to determine the amount of damage accumulated in the sample. The report also details a few miscellaneous simulation studies completed at Argonne to support the development of the test articles themselves at Idaho National Laboratory.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗