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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1988

Spacelab 1 experiments on interactions of an energetic electron beam with neutral gas

An unusual signature of return current and spacecraft charging potential was observed during the Spacelab 1 mission launched on November 28, 1983. The phenomenon occurred during neutral gas releases from the SEPAC (Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators) magnetoplasma-dynamic arcjet (MPD) concurrent with firings of the PICPAB (Phenomena Induced by Charged Particle Beams) electron gun and was recorded by the instruments of the SEPAC diagnostic package (DGP). Data from the langmuir probe, floating probes, neutral gas pressure gauge, and the plasma wave probes are reported. As the dense neutral gas was released, the return current measured by the langmuir probe changed from positive to negative and a positive potential relative to the spacecraft was measured by the floating probe. The anomalous return current is believed to be attributable to secondary electron fluxes escaping from the spacecraft, and the unusual charging situation is attributed to the formation of a double-layer structure between a hot plasma cloud localized to the MPD and the spacecraft. The charging scenario is supported by a computer simulation.

Marshall, J. A.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Analyses Supporting Design Review of TREAT Multi-SERTTA Experiment Test Vehicle

The Transient Test Reactor (TREAT) Facility was designed to evaluate nuclear fuels and structural materials under simulated nuclear excursion and transient power/cooling mismatch situations that could be encountered in nuclear reactors [1]. It was historically operated from 1959 through 1994; ongoing activities at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) include resumption of transient testing capabilities to generate experimental data suitable to validate advanced modeling and simulation of these transient conditions, supporting current and next generation power reactor design and nuclear safety [2]. The resumption of transient testing requires new experiment vehicle designs to satisfy testing needs. The most developed experiment test vehicle candidate in TREAT’s arsenal will be the Multi-SERTTA (Static Environment Rodlet Transient Test Apparatuses) [3], which accommodates up to four concurrent rodlets under separate environmental conditions. An overview of the Multi-SERTTA, which would be placed at the center of the TREAT core during use, is shown in Figure 1. In the current design, all four rodlet test vessels are identical except for flux shaping collar material content to meet design needs. As the date rapidly approaches for TREAT restart, there is a need to have the Multi-SERTTA design approved and tested. Test experiments are an integral component of TREAT operations, and will be integrated among initial restart testing and supporting core reactor physics measurements. An integral step in finalization of any test vehicle design for TREAT is the hosting and resolution of a formal design review.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Regularizing INR with Diffusion Prior for Self-Supervised 3D Reconstruction OF Neutron Computed Tomography Data

Recently, generative diffusion priors have made huge strides as inverse problem solvers, including the ability to be adapted for inference on out-of-distribution data. Concurrently, implicit neural representations (INRs) have emerged as fast and lightweight inverse imaging solvers that are amenable to hybrid approaches that combine learned priors with traditional inverse problem formulations. In this paper, we present a diffusive computed tomography (CT) inversion framework for regularizing INRs called Diffusive INR (DINR), designed to enable high-quality reconstruction from sparse-view neutron CT. Pretrained purely on synthetic data, DINR is evaluated on simulated and experimentally obtained observations of concrete microstructures, where traditional reconstruction methods suffer substantial degradation when the number of views is reduced. Our approach delivers superior performance, reduces reconstruction artifacts, and achieves gains in PSNR and SSIM, enabling accurate micro-structural characterization even under extreme data limitations compared to state-of-the-art sparse-view reconstruction techniques.

Hossain, Maliha [ORNL]↗
DOE OSTI2024

A High-Performance Discrete-Element Framework for Simulating Flow and Jamming of Moisture Bearing Biomass Feedstocks

We developed and verified a high-performance open-source discrete element method (DEM) solver with simultaneously-supported feedstock-specific interaction models, including bonded-sphere, liquid bridge, cohesion, and non-linear contact models. Our solver uses parallel data structures on hybrid central and graphics processing unit (CPU/GPU) architectures, with favorable strong scaling performance observed for large problem sizes comprised of (100 M particles), and 4X single-node GPU speedup. The particles for corn stover feedstock were conceptualized and calibrated based on experimental measurements and results. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the mass flow rate from a wedge hopper is governed primarily by moisture content, friction coefficient, and cohesion energy density. The model is used to reproduce experimentally observed hopper jamming results, highlighting that the experimental no-flow trends can only be achieved by using non-spherical particles, liquid bridge and cohesion models, highlighting the importance of using concurrent feedstock specialized models for the effective representation of biomass material handling problems.

bioenergy↗
DOE OSTI2017

Collapsed tetragonal phase transition in LaRu 2 P 2

Here, the structural properties of LaRu 2 P 2 under external pressure have been studied up to 14 GPa, employing high-energy x-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil pressure cell. At ambient conditions, LaRu 2 P 2 (I4/ mmm ) has a tetragonal structure with a bulk modulus of B = 105(2) GPa and exhibits superconductivity at T c = 4.1 K. With the application of pressure, LaRu 2 P 2 undergoes a phase transition to a collapsed tetragonal (cT) state with a bulk modulus of B = 175(5) GPa. At the transition, the c-lattice parameter exhibits a sharp decrease with a concurrent increase of the a-lattice parameter. The cT phase transition in LaRu 2 P 2 is consistent with a second-order transition, and was found to be temperature dependent, increasing from P = 3.9(3) GPa at 160 K to P = 4.6(3) GPa at 300 K. In total, our data are consistent with the cT transition being near, but slightly above 2 GPa at 5 K where superconductivity is suppressed. Finally, we compare the effect of physical and chemical pressure in the R Ru 2 P 2 ( R = Y, La–Er, Yb) isostructural series of compounds and find them to be analogous.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
NASA NTRS2001

A Software Tool for Integrated Optical Design Analysis

Design of large precision optical systems requires multi-disciplinary analysis, modeling, and design. Thermal, structural and optical characteristics of the hardware must be accurately understood in order to design a system capable of accomplishing the performance requirements. The interactions between each of the disciplines become stronger as systems are designed lighter weight for space applications. This coupling dictates a concurrent engineering design approach. In the past, integrated modeling tools have been developed that attempt to integrate all of the complex analysis within the framework of a single model. This often results in modeling simplifications and it requires engineering specialist to learn new applications. The software described in this presentation addresses the concurrent engineering task using a different approach. The software tool, Integrated Optical Design Analysis (IODA), uses data fusion technology to enable a cross discipline team of engineering experts to concurrently design an optical system using their standard validated engineering design tools.

Moore, Jim↗
DOE OSTI2016

SU-F-T-106: A Dosimetric Study of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy to Decrease Radiation Dose to the Thoracic Vertebral Bodies in Patients Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiation for Lung Cancer

Purpose: Recent clinical studies have shown a correlation between radiation dose to the thoracic vertebral bodies (TVB) and the development of hematologic toxicity (HT) in patients receiving chemoradiation (CRT) for lung cancer (LuCa). The feasibility of a bone-marrow sparing (BMS) approach in this group of patients is unknown. We hypothesized that radiation dose to the TVB can be reduced with an intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)/volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy(VMAT) without affecting plan quality. Methods: We identified LuCa cases treated with curative intent CRT using IMRT/VMAT from 4/2009 to 2/2015. The TVBs from T1–T10 were retrospectively contoured. No constraints were placed on the TVB structure initially. A subset were re-planned with BMS-IMRT/VMAT with an objective or reducing the mean TVB dose to <23 Gy. The following data were collected on the initial and BMS plans: mean dose to planning target volume (PTV), lungs-PTV, esophagus, heart; lung V20; cord max dose. Pairwise comparisons were performed using the signed rank test. Results: 94 cases received CRT with IMRT/VMAT. We selected 11 cases (7 IMRT, 4 VMAT) with a range of initial mean TVB doses (median 35.7 Gy, range 18.9–41.4 Gy). Median prescription dose was 60 Gy. BMS-IMRT/VMAT significantly reduced the mean TVB dose by a median of 10.2 Gy (range, 1.0–16.7 Gy, p=0.001) and reduced the cord max dose by 2.9 Gy (p=0.014). BMS-IMRT/VMAT had no impact on lung mean (median +17 cGy, p=0.700), lung V20 (median +0.5%, p=0.898), esophagus mean (median +13 cGy, p=1.000) or heart mean (median +16 cGy, p=0.365). PTV-mean dose was not affected by BMS-IMRT/VMAT (median +13 cGy, p=0.653). Conclusion: BMS-IMRT/VMAT was able to significantly reduce radiation dose to the TVB without compromising plan quality. Prospective evaluation of BMS-IMRT/VMAT in patients receiving CRT for LuCa is warranted to determine if this approach results in clinically significant reductions in HT.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2004

Eta Carinae and the 2003.5 Minimum: Ultraviolet Changes of the Central Source and the Very Nearby Ejecta

We utilized the high spatial and high spectral resolution of the HST/STIS MAMA echelle modes in the ultraviolet (0.025 sec spatial resolution and 30,000 to 120,000 spectral resolving power) to view changes in and around Eta Carinae before and after the X-Ray drop which occurred on June 29, 2003. Major changes in the spectra of the Central Source and nearby nebulosities occurred between June 22 and July 5. Visibility of the Central Source dropped, especially between 1175 and 1350 A, but not uniformly through the UV. This fading is likely due to multiple line absorptions both in the source and in the intervening ejecta. Nebular emission of Si III and Fe III, located 0.09 sec to the west, disappeared. By July 29, a bright feature extending up to 0.07 sec east of the Central Source became prominent in broad emission lines near 2500 A, but was not noticeable longward of 2900 A. ACS/HRC imagery and STIS CCD spectra taken concurrently are being examined for larger scale changes. Numerous narrow velocity components between -146 and -585 km/s were identified in spectra before the minimum. New components appeared primarily in Fe II absorption lines with velocities between -170 and -380 km/s. While the lines of the -513 km/s component did not change, most lines of the -146 km/s component changed considerably. Lines originating from high energy levels diminished or disappeared, while lines originating from lower energy levels strengthened. Strong absorption lines of Ti II, not present before the X-Ray drop, appeared within seven days, but disappeared by July 29. Further analysis of these unprecedented data will provide significant new information about the structure of Eta Carinae and its periodic variations.

Gull, T. R.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effect of Solvent Composition on Non-DLVO Forces and Oriented Attachment of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Oriented attachment (OA) occurs when nanoparticles in solution align their crystallographic axes prior to colliding and subsequently fuse into single crystals. Traditional colloidal theories such as DLVO provide a framework for evaluating OA but fail to capture key particle interactions due to the atomistic details of both the crystal structure and the interfacial solution structure. Using zinc oxide as a model system, we investigated the effect of the solvent on short-ranged and long-ranged particle interactions and the resulting OA mechanism. In situ TEM imaging showed that ZnO nanocrystals in toluene undergo long-range attraction comparable to 1kT at separations of 10 nm and 3kT near particle contact. These observations were rationalized by considering non-DLVO interactions, namely dipole-dipole forces and torques between the polar ZnO nanocrystals. Langevin dynamics simulations showed stronger interactions in toluene compared to methanol solvents, consistent with the experimental results. Concurrently, we performed atomic force microscopy measurements using ZnO-coated probes for the short-ranged interaction. Our data provided valuable insights into another type of non-DLVO interaction, namely the repulsive solvation force. Specifically, the solvation force was stronger in water compared to ethanol and methanol, due to the stronger hydrogen bonding and denser packing of water molecules at the interface. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of non-DLVO forces in a general framework for understanding and predicting particle aggregation and attachment.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Hydropower Biological Evaluation Toolset Best Practice Guide

Field studies using live fish are necessary for the evaluation of turbine biological performance, but they cannot determine the specific hydraulic conditions or physical stresses experienced by the fish, the locations where deleterious conditions occur, or the specific causes of the biological response. Using the Sensor Fish (SF) sensing technology, this deficiency can be overcome because the SF can be released independently or concurrently with live fish directly into operating infrastructure, and it takes high-frequency measurements of hydraulic conditions such as pressure, acceleration, and rotation acting on a body in situ during downstream passage. The Hydropower Biological Evaluation Tools (HBET; Hou et al. 2018) software package, developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), is designed to assemble, organize, and process data collected by the PNNL-developed SF and by live fish. HBET was developed specifically to design SF field studies, process the raw data, and analyze the processed data efficiently and scientifically. Its objectives are to facilitate SF studies focused on characterizing hydraulic conditions and to apply SF data for evaluating the impacts on fish from passage through hydro-structures. HBET allows users to design new studies, analyze data, perform statistical analyses, and evaluate predicted biological responses. It can be used by researchers, turbine designers, hydropower operators, and regulators to evaluate hydro-structures to enhance environmental sustainability in a cost-effective manner.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

AFRL Additive Manufacturing Modeling Series: Challenge 4, In Situ Mechanical Test of an IN625 Sample with Concurrent High-Energy Diffraction Microscopy Characterization

In this work, we describe 3D characterization of an additively manufactured Inconel 625 nickel-base superalloy specimen conducted during a uniaxial tension test using a suite of nondestructive x-ray techniques. High-energy diffraction microscopy in both near- and far-field modalities are employed in situ to track evolution of the material orientation and stress–strain fields at six points during the mechanical test, and these data streams are registered with micro-computed tomography reconstructions which probe the material density. This data volume was matched to a multi-modal serial sectioning characterization of the specimen taken after loading, described in this article’s companion. Twenty-eight grains which were monitored throughout the experiment were selected to form the basis for AFRL AM Modeling Series Challenge 4, Microscale Structure-to-Properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2004

Ultraviolet Changes of the Central Source and the Very Nearby Ejecta

We utilized the high spatial and high spectral resolution of the HST/STIS MAMA echelle modes in the ultraviolet (0.025 inch spatial resolution and 30,000 to 120,000 spectral resolving power) to view changes in and around Eta Carinae before and after the X-Ray drop which occurred on June 29, 2003 (M. Corcoran, IAUC 8160). Major changes in the spectra of the Central Source and nearby nebulosities occurred between June 22 and July 5. Visibility of the Central Source dropped, especially between 1175 and 1350 Angstroms, but not uniformly throughout the ultraviolet. This fading is likely due to multiple line absorptions both in the source and in the intervening ejecta. Nebular emission of Si III] and Fe III, located 0.09 sec. to the west, disappeared. By July 29, a bright feature extending up to 0.071 sec. east of the Central Source became prominent in broad emission lines near 2500 Angstroms, but was not noticeable longward of 2900 Angstroms. ACS/HRC imagery and STIS CCD spectra taken concurrently are being examined for larger scale changes. Numerous narrow velocity components between -146 and -585 kilometers per second were identified in spectra before the minimum. New components appeared primarily in Fe II absorption lines with velocities between -170 and -380 kilometers per second. While the lines of the -513 kilometers per second component did not change, most lines of the -146 kilometers per second component changed considerably. Lines originating from high energy levels diminished or disappeared, while lines originating from lower energy levels strengthened. Strong absorption lines of Ti II, not present before the X-Ray drop, appeared within seven days, but disappeared by July 29. Further analysis of these unprecedented data will provide significant new information about the structure of Eta Carinae and its periodic variations.

Gull, Theodore R.↗
DOE OSTI2017

Charting the relationship between phase type-surface area-interactions between the constituent atoms and oxygen reduction activity of Pd–Cu nanocatalysts inside fuel cells by in operando high-energy X-ray diffraction

The activity and stability of nanoalloy catalysts for chemical reactions driving devices for clean energy conversion, in particular the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), depend critically on optimizing major structural characteristics of the nanoalloys, such as the phase composition, surface area and bonding interactions between the constituent atoms, for the harsh operating conditions inside the devices. The effort requires good knowledge of the potential effect of changes in these characteristics on the catalytic functionality of the nanoalloys and, hence, on the devices' performance. We present the results from an in operando high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) study on the concurrent changes in the structural characteristics and ORR activity of Pd–Cu nanoalloy catalysts as they function at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). We find that the as-prepared Pd–Cu nanoalloys with a chemical composition close to Pd1Cu1 are better ORR catalysts in comparison with Pd1Cu2, i.e. Pd-poor, and Pd3Cu1, i.e. Pd-rich, nanoalloys. Under operating conditions though, the former suffers a big loss in ORR activity appearing as a slow-mode oscillation in the current output of the PEMFC. Losses in ORR activity suffered by the latter also exhibit sudden drops and rises during the PEMFC operation. Through atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of the in operando HE-XRD data, we identify the structural changes of Pd–Cu alloy NPs that are behind the peculiar decay of their ORR activity. The results uncover the instant link between the ever-adapting structural state of ORR nanocatalysts inside an operating PEMFC and the performance of the PEMFC. Besides, our results indicate that, among others, taking control over the intra-particle diffusion of metallic species in nanoalloy catalysts may improve the performance of PEMFCs significantly and, furthermore, in operando HE-XRD can be an effective tool to guide the effort. Finally, we argue that, though showing less optimal ORR activity in the as-prepared state, monophase Pd–Cu alloy catalysts with a composition ranging between Pd1Cu1 and Pd3Cu1 may deliver optimal performance inside operating PEMFCs.

Maswadeh, Yazan↗
DOE OSTI2016

A quantitative model of application slow-down in multi-resource shared systems

Scheduling multiple jobs onto a platform enhances system utilization by sharing resources. The benefits from higher resource utilization include reduced cost to construct, operate, and maintain a system, which often include energy consumption. Maximizing these benefits comes at a price-resource contention among jobs increases job completion time. In this study, we analyze slow-downs of jobs due to contention for multiple resources in a system; referred to as dilation factor. We observe that multiple-resource contention creates non-linear dilation factors of jobs. From this observation, we establish a general quantitative model for dilation factors of jobs in multi-resource systems. A job is characterized by a vector-valued loading statistics and dilation factors of a job set are given by a quadratic function of their loading vectors. We demonstrate how to systematically characterize a job, maintain the data structure to calculate the dilation factor (loading matrix), and calculate the dilation factor of each job. We validate the accuracy of the model with multiple processes running on a native Linux server, virtualized servers, and with multiple MapReduce workloads co-scheduled in a cluster. Evaluation with measured data shows that the D-factor model has an error margin of less than 16%. We extended the D-factor model to capture the slow-down of applications when multiple identical resources exist such as multi-core environments and multi-disks environments. Finally, validation results of the extended D-factor model with HPC checkpoint applications on the parallel file systems show that D-factor accurately captures the slow down of concurrent applications in such environments.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Life-cycle mediated effects of urbanization on parasite communities in the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus

This study examined the relationship between urbanization and parasite community structure in the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. We measured landscape and physicochemical factors associated with urbanization at 6 sites from 4 collection periods. Concurrently, we quantified the metazoan parasite community in F. heteroclitus collected at those sites, with 105 fish studied per site during the 4 collection periods. Parasite community composition differed among sites. Host size was the most important variable for direct life-cycle parasite assemblages and indirect life-cycle parasites at the individual fish level, while landscape and physicochemical factors determined the structure of indirect life-cycle parasite assemblages at the population scale. Variation in the prevalence and intensity of infection of two indirect life-cycle parasites, Lasiocotus minutus and Glossocercus caribaensis, were the primary parasites that drove differences across sites. Variation in the presence/absence of these indirect life-cycle parasite species was associated with sediment Ni concentrations, patch density, and marsh size. Our data support the hypothesis that urbanization, acting at both landscape and physicochemical scales, can have a significant impact on parasite community structure. This, however, varied by parasite life history: there was little effect of urbanization on the prevalence and intensity of direct life-cycle parasites, but significant variation was detected for indirect life-cycle parasites. This study demonstrates how anthropogenically driven landscape change influences fine-scale population dynamics of parasites.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2015

Baseline Assessment of TREAT for Modeling and Analysis Needs

TREAT is an air-cooled, graphite moderated, thermal, heterogeneous test facility designed to evaluate reactor fuels and structural materials under conditions simulating various types of nuclear excursions and transient undercooling situations that could occur in a nuclear reactor. After 21 years in a standby mode, TREAT is being re-activated to revive transient testing capabilities. Given the time elapsed and the concurrent loss of operating experience, current generation and advanced computational methods are being applied to begin TREAT modeling and simulation prior to renewed at-power operations. Such methods have limited value in predicting the behavior of TREAT without proper validation. Hence, the U.S. DOE has developed a number of programs to support development of benchmarks for both critical and transient operations. Extensive effort has been expended at INL to collect detailed descriptions, drawings and specifications for all aspects of TREAT, and to resolve conflicting data found through this process. This report provides a collection of these data, with updated figures that are significantly more readable than historic drawings and illustrations, compositions, and dimensions based on the best available sources. This document is not nor should it be considered to be a benchmark report. Rather, it is intended to provide one-stop shopping, to the extent possible, for other work that seeks to prepare detailed, accurate models of the core and its components. Given the nature of the variety of historic documents available and the loss of institutional memory, the only completely accurate database of TREAT data is TREAT itself. Unfortunately, disassembly of TREAT for inspection, assay, and measurement is highly unlikely. Hence the data provided herein is intended serve as a best-estimate substitute.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
NASA NTRS2007

Space Plasma Ion Processing of Ilmenite in the Lunar Soil: Insights from In-Situ TEM Ion Irradiation Experiments

Space weathering on the moon and asteroids results largely from the alteration of the outer surfaces of regolith grains by the combined effects of solar ion irradiation and other processes that include deposition of impact or sputter-derived vapors. Although no longer considered the sole driver of space weathering, solar ion irradiation remains a key part of the space weathering puzzle, and quantitative data on its effects on regolith minerals are still in short supply. For the lunar regolith, previous transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies performed by ourselves and others have uncovered altered rims on ilmenite (FeTiO3) grains that point to this phase as a unique "witness plate" for unraveling nanoscale space weathering processes. Most notably, the radiation processed portions of these ilmenite rims consistently have a crystalline structure, in contrast to radiation damaged rims on regolith silicates that are characteristically amorphous. While this has tended to support informal designation of ilmenite as a "radiation resistant" regolith mineral, there are to date no experimental data that directly and quantitatively compare ilmenite s response to ion radiation relative to lunar silicates. Such data are needed because the radiation processed rims on ilmenite grains, although crystalline, are microstructurally and chemically complex, and exhibit changes linked to the formation of nanophase Fe metal, a key space weathering process. We report here the first ion radiation processing study of ilmenite performed by in-situ means using the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope- Tandem Irradiation facility (IVEM-Tandem) at Argonne National Laboratory. The capability of this facility for performing real time TEM observations of samples concurrent with ion irradiation makes it uniquely suited for studying the dose-dependence of amorphization and other changes in irradiated samples.

Christoffersen, R.↗
DOE OSTI2016

General Line Ampacity State Solver

INL’s General Line Ampacity State Solver (GLASS) is a high performance software platform that enables advanced grid system operations and planning efforts to be computed in real time. It enables the combination of advanced sensors and sensor networks, communication and data transfer channels, secure and reliable data management, and real-time processing through a flexible system architecture, with the ability to support and integrate with any utility enterprise system. GLASS is designed to help resolve the problems associated with thermally limited transmission and distribution networks, namely bare overhead power transmission lines. GLASS enables the methodology of Concurrent Cooling (Dynamic Line Rating) by reducing the need of using a cost-prohibited number of weather stations (reduce the number of weather stations per mile of overhead power line) to achieve the resolution necessary for individual electric transmission line span capacity calculations. GLASS achieves this by coupling real-time grid operations data and infrastructure architecture information with real-time field deployed weather station measurements and pre-computed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based wind modeling interpolation parameters (look-up tables). GLASS uses mathematical models based on the IEEE 738 standard and builds off of the provided iterative solution using modern software paradigms and programming styles to provide a more robust and modular software system. GLASS also interfaces in real-time with utility companies using known transmission line spans and structures. GLASS provides real-time ampacity calculations based on recent weather station data as well as transmission line specifications. GLASS also allows the user to interact graphically with internal databases, which include information such as transmission line conductor types and thermal rating limits, weather station names and locations, specific transmission line span and structure locations, as well as recent ampacity calculations.

Gentle, Jake↗