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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11

Clean Energy Technologies for Economic Development at Global and Community Scales

Energy systems in communities across the world are undergoing fundamental transformations. Electricity and heat production is becoming cleaner and more distributed, driven by declining energy prices and higher technology efficiencies, as well as a desire to reduce environmental impact. The technologies that produce clean energy, such as solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and lithium ion batteries for vehicles and storage, depend less on global fuel costs and more on costs for technology, manufacturing, and local resources. Therefore, innovations in manufacturing, systems integration, operations, and policies can reduce clean energy costs across all the links in the energy supply chain. The advanced and cleaner energy systems being deployed have resulted in communities gaining a greater role in creating and using energy from local resources, as well as increasing their participation in the value chain from research, manufacturing, and deployment. The clean energy trends are expected to continue and perhaps grow through expansion of clean energy technologies for industrial and transportation sectors, although there are many possible future scenarios due to the diversity of resources and societal objectives in different communities, countries, and regions. This presentation will summarize the status and potential futures of key clean energy technologies and their manufacturing and deployment, with discussion of opportunities for sustainable communities.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Sandia Capabilities for the Measurement, Characterization, and Analysis of Heliostats for CSP

The Concentrating Solar Technologies Organization at Sandia National Laboratories has a long history of performing important research, development, and testing that has enabled the Concentrating Solar Power Industry to deploy full-scale power plants. Sandia continues to pursue innovative CSP concepts with the goal of reducing the cost of CSP while improving efficiency and performance. In this pursuit, Sandia has developed many tools for the analysis of CSP performance. The following capabilities document highlights Sandia's extensive experience in the design, construction, and utilization of large-scale testing facilities for CSP and the tools that Sandia has created for the full characterization of heliostats. Sandia has extensive experience in using these tools to evaluate the performance of novel heliostat designs.

Andraka, Charles E.↗

Performance Evaluation of Darshan 3.0.0 on the Cray XC30

Abstract—Darshan is a lightweight I/O characterization tool used to gather and summarize salient I/O workload statistics from HPC applications. Darshan was designed to minimize any possible perturbations of an application’s performance, leading it to be enabled by default on a number of production HPC systems. For each file accessed by a given application, Darshan records the count and types of I/O operations performed, histograms of access sizes, cumulative timers on the amount of time spent doing I/O, and other statistical data. This type of data has proved invaluable in understanding and improving the I/O performance of HPC applications. Darshan 3.0.0 is the new modularized version of the traditional Darshan library and file format, allowing users to easily add more in-depth I/O characterization data to Darshan logs. In this work we perform an empirical evaluation of Darshan 3.0.0 to ensure that it continues to meet performance expectations for broad deployment. In particular, we evaluate the imposed overhead on instrumented I/O operations, time taken to shut down and generate corresponding Darshan log files, and resultant log file sizes for different workloads. These performance results are compared to results of Darshan 2.3.0 on the Edison XC30 system at NERSC to determine whether the new version is lightweight enough to run full-time on production HPC systems. Our evaluation shows that Darshan has limited impact on application I/O performance and can fully generate a corresponding log file for most application workloads in under two seconds.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Detection of Local/Regional Events in Kuwait Using Next-Generation Detection Algorithms

Seismic networks around the world use conventional triggering algorithms to detect seismic signals in order to locate local/regional seismic events. Kuwait National Seismological Network (KNSN) of Kuwait Institute of Scientific Research (KISR) is operating seven broad-band and short-period three-component stations in Kuwait. The network is equipped with Nanometrics digitizers and uses Antelope and Guralp acquisition software for processing and archiving the data. In this study, we selected 10 days of archived hourly-segmented continuous data of five stations (Figure 1) and 250 days of continuous recording at MIB. For the temporary deployment our selection criteria was based on KNSN catalog intensity for the period of time we test the method. An autonomous event detection and clustering framework is employed to test a more complete catalog of this short period of time. The goal is to illustrate the effectiveness of the technique and pursue the framework for longer period of time.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

Interconnection, Integration, and Interactive Impact Analysis of Microgrids and Distribution Systems

Distribution management systems (DMSs) are increasingly used by distribution system operators (DSOs) to manage the distribution grid and to monitor the status of both power imported from the transmission grid and power generated locally by a distributed energy resource (DER), to ensure that power flows and voltages along the feeders are maintained within designed limits and that appropriate measures are taken to guarantee service continuity and energy security. When microgrids are deployed and interconnected to the distribution grids, they will have an impact on the operation of the distribution grid. The challenge is to design this interconnection in such a way that it enhances the reliability and security of the distribution grid and the loads embedded in the microgrid, while providing economic benefits to all stakeholders, including the microgrid owner and operator and the distribution system operator.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Grid-Scale Battery Storage: Frequently Asked Questions

As costs continue to decline, jurisdictions are seeking to deploy increasing levels of utility-scale battery energy storage. This Greening the Grid document provides system planners and regulators with fundamental information about battery energy storage including which services these devices are capable of, how these devices interact with renewable energy and what barriers exist to their broader deployment.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

Charting a Path for Reliable, Resilient and Affordable Clean Energy: A Roadmap for Three Communities in Utah

The roadmap identifies strategies to align deployment of distributed energy resources with the continued growth of utility-scale solar. The strategies outlined in the roadmap have been developed through collaborative discussions with project partners, but may not represent the opinions of, or positions of, all partner organizations and parties involved in the "Renewable Energy Impacts and Solutions in Utah" project. Rather, the strategies outlined in this Roadmap represent a suite of tools and actions that Salt Lake City, Park City, and the City of Moab can consider as each city works towards their community renewable electricity goals. While this Roadmap was developed to inform three communities as they progress towards their specific community energy goals, much of the analysis presented in the roadmap was conducted for Utah as a whole. Other communities in Utah can use the scenarios and strategies outlined in the roadmap to leverage the full potential of distributed energy resources to provide benefits to the community.

100% renewable↗

2024 OES-Environmental 2024 State of the Science Report, Chapter 9: Beyond Single Marine Renewable Energy Devices: A System-wide Effects Approach

Global expansion of renewable energy, including marine renewable energy (MRE) technology development is necessary to mitigate the effects of climate change, facilitate a sustainable transition from carbon-based energy sources, and satisfy national energy security needs using locally produced electricity (European Commission 2022; IPCC 2023; IRENA 2020). As MRE engineering and research continue to focus on designing devices for deployment in nearshore and offshore waters around the world, researchers are also examining potential environmental effects on marine animals, habitats, and ecosystem processes. To date, the focus has been on interactions between small numbers of MRE devices (1-6) and the environment, such as collisions between animals and turbine blades, the effects of underwater noise and electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions, changes in habitats and oceanographic processes, risk of entanglement of animals, and displacement of animals (Boehlert & Gill 2010; Copping & Hemery 2020) (see Chapter 3).

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

Oakland University Cybersecurity Center (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

This report summarizes the outcomes of Award DE-CR0000023, “Oakland University Cybersecurity Center,” a 31-month project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER). The project addressed cybersecurity risks facing small and medium-sized manufacturers (SMMs) transitioning to Industry 4.0. The project integrated customer discovery, applied research, and cybersecurity training development. A total of 51 cybersecurity assessments identified significant gaps in baseline practices, incident response, and workforce capability. Research efforts produced a scalable mitigation framework tailored to SMM environments, and workforce analysis identified persistent talent gaps. Eight cybersecurity training modules were developed and deployed via Oakland University’s Professional and Continuing Education (PACE) platform. All objectives were completed, with 98.93% federal budget utilization and cost share exceeding requirements. The project establishes a scalable model for strengthening cybersecurity resilience and workforce capacity across U.S. manufacturing supply chains.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Ceramic HEPA Filter Program

Potential benefits of ceramic filters in nuclear facilities: (1) Short term benefit for DOE, NRC, and industry - (a) CalPoly HTTU provides unique testing capability to answer questions for DOE - High temperature testing of materials, components, filter, (b) Several DNFSB correspondences and presentations by DNFSB members have highlighted the need for HEPA filter R and D - DNFSB Recommendation 2009-2 highlighted a nuclear facility response to an evaluation basis earthquake followed by a fire (aka shake-n-bake) and CalPoly has capability for a shake-n-bake test; (2) Intermediate term benefit for DOE and industry - (a) Filtration for specialty applications, e.g., explosive applications at Nevada, (b) Spin-off technologies applicable to other commercial industries; and (3) Long term benefit for DOE, NRC, and industry - (a) Across industry, strong desire for better performance filter, (b) Engineering solution to safety problem will improve facility safety and decrease dependence on associated support systems, (c) Large potential life-cycle cost savings, and (d) Facilitates development and deployment of LLNL process innovations to allow continuous ventilation system operation during a fire.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

A Control Chart Approach for Representing and Mining Data Streams with Shape Based Similarity

The mining of data streams for online condition monitoring is a challenging task in several domains including (electric) power grid system, intelligent manufacturing, and consumer science. Considering a power grid application in which thousands of sensors, called the phasor measurement units, are deployed on the power grid network to continuously collect streams of digital data for real-time situational awareness and system management. Depending on design, each sensor could stream between ten and sixty data samples per second. The myriad of sensory data captured could convey deeper insights about sequence of events in real-time and before major damages are done. However, the timely processing and analysis of these high-velocity and high-volume data streams is a challenge. Hence, a new data processing and transformation approach, based on the concept of control charts, for representing sequence of data streams from sensors is proposed. In addition, an application of the proposed approach for enhancing data mining tasks such as clustering using real-world power grid data streams is presented. The results indicate that the proposed approach is very efficient for data streams storage and manipulation.

big data↗

Advances in PFAS Monitoring and Remediation Using a Functionalized Material Approach

The growing global concerns about the effects to public health from human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) motivates the development of strategies for reliable monitoring of PFAS in environmental streams, as well as for their rapid, effective removal if detected. For the continuous PFAS monitoring, an inexpensive, field-deployable, in situ sensor is urgently needed; yet the prevalent in situ techniques often struggle to strike a balance between the practical sensitivity and selectivity demands of the real world. Similarly, for effective PFAS removal, strategies for their fast, selective, and quantitative capture are desired, yet the present commercially available sorbents are unable to meet the requirements of rapid, quantitative capture of all PFAS components, and are notably inefficient in removing the more toxic smaller chains. To address these twin challenges, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is developing strategies for improved detection and remediation of PFAS. For the rapid, selective, quantitative removal of PFAS from environmental streams, the strategy relies on designing capture probes with exclusively tailored electronic and spatial affinities for the PFAS that are able to selectively capture them from environmental streams. For the in situ detection and quantification of PFAS in complex, multicomponent matrices such as groundwater, the approach relies on the targeted capture of specific PFAS by these PFAS-specific capture probes immobilized on a platform. The platform acts as an electrode to directly measure PFAS concentration through a proportional change in electrical response upon their capture. A combination of optimization of platform design and incorporation of additional, sensitive detection modalities have allowed us to achieve detection limits as low as 0.5 ng/L for detection of PFAS compounds (compared to the 70 ng/L Health Advisory Limit of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency).

Per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS),↗

Advances in PFAS Monitoring and Remediation Using a Functionalized Material Approach - 20080

The growing global concerns about the effects to public health from human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) motivates the development of strategies for reliable monitoring of PFAS in environmental streams, as well as for their rapid, effective removal if detected. For the continuous PFAS monitoring, an inexpensive, field-deployable, in situ sensor is urgently needed; yet the prevalent in situ techniques often struggle to strike a balance between the practical sensitivity and selectivity demands of the real world. Similarly, for effective PFAS removal, strategies for their fast, selective, and quantitative capture are desired, yet the present commercially available sorbents are unable to meet the requirements of rapid, quantitative capture of all PFAS components, and are notably inefficient in removing the more toxic smaller chains. To address these twin challenges, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is developing strategies for improved detection and remediation of PFAS. For the rapid, selective, quantitative removal of PFAS from environmental streams, the strategy relies on designing capture probes with exclusively tailored electronic and spatial affinities for the PFAS that are able to selectively capture them from environmental streams. For the in situ detection and quantification of PFAS in complex, multicomponent matrices such as groundwater, the approach relies on the targeted capture of specific PFAS by these PFAS-specific capture probes immobilized on a platform. The platform acts as an electrode to directly measure PFAS concentration through a proportional change in electrical response upon their capture. A combination of optimization of platform design and incorporation of additional, sensitive detection modalities have allowed us to achieve detection limits as low as 0.5 ng/L for detection of PFAS compounds (compared to the 70 ng/L Health Advisory Limit of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). (authors)

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗

Providing Experimental Infrastructure for Accelerating Advanced Reactor Demonstrations through the National Reactor Innovation Center

A suite of experimental infrastructure projects has been developed by the National Reactor Innovation Center to accelerate advanced reactor demonstrations and facilitate their development, addressing crucial gaps in data, materials characterization, and modeling. First, the Molten Salt Thermophysical Examination Capability (MSTEC) provides a specialized platform for post-irradiation characterization of molten salt reactor fuel, coolant salts, and structural materials, essential for supporting the design and operation of advanced reactors and future commercial molten salt reactor development and licensing. The Virtual Test Bed (VTB) complements these efforts by leveraging advanced modeling and simulation tools to evaluate reactor performance and safety. Serving as a library of reference models, the VTB offers a database of multiphysics reactor models, facilitating rapid safety evaluations and includes continuous software quality assurance, crucial for accelerating deployment while maintaining reliability. Additionally, the Helium Component Test Facility (HeCTF) addresses the need for high-temperature helium-cooled reactor component testing. As the first-of-its-kind facility in the United States, HeCTF emulates high-temperature gas reactor conditions, reducing time and cost associated with component validation, thereby accelerating reactor development. Finally, In-cell Thermal Creep Frames provide a unique solution for obtaining thermal creep data from irradiated materials, critical for materials qualification and licensing. Developed by the National Reactor Innovation Center, these compact frames enable the examination of previously irradiated materials, overcoming traditional limitations and enhancing the understanding of mechanical properties crucial for reactor development. Collectively, these experimental infrastructure projects form a comprehensive framework aimed at expediting advanced reactor demonstrations, fostering innovation, and ensuring the viability of next-generation nuclear energy solutions.

22 - GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

Creating Continuous Integration Infrastructure for Software Development on U.S. Department of Energy High-Performance Computing Systems

The Exascale Computing Project (ECP) software deployment effort developed and advanced DevOps capabilities. One goal was to enable robust continuous integration (CI) workflows that span the protected high performance computing (HPC) environments found within many of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) national laboratories. This article highlights several challenges encountered with enabling automation, such as charging models for CI jobs, and meeting individualized security requirements that revolve around strongly associating running code with a human identity. Here, it also describes how the Jacamar CI tool evolved to meet latter requirements and became a key aspect of the solutions currently offered. Derived from this experience, we offer a conceptual framework for understanding current and future CI challenges at DOE facilities and offer suggestions for long-term solutions.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Stochastic Continuous-time Flexibility Scheduling and Pricing in Wholesale Electricity Markets

Large-scale integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) is calling for additional flexibility resources as well as more advanced modeling and optimization techniques to account for the increasing uncertainty and variability in power systems operation. As the RES integration gains momentum, the magnitude and frequency of their variations increase, which may trigger ramping scarcity events in real-time power systems operation. This necessitates revisiting the present definition of power systems flexibility and reserve services to reflect their robustness and adequacy towards sub-interval variations of the load and RES, as well as adjusting the operation models to accommodate the new reserve services. This project took a fundamental approach and aimed at developing continuous-time scheduling and pricing model that accurately models the continuous-time variations of load and RES and efficiently deploys the ramping capability of flexible resources to compensate the sources of variability and uncertainty in the market. In this regard, this project pursued the following goals: Developing stochastic multi-fidelity continuous-time optimization models for scheduling of energy storage (ES) systems and flexible loads in wholesale energy markets; Developing the theory and practices of continuous-time locational marginal pricing for valuating energy storage systems and flexible loads in wholesale energy markets; Developing function space solution approach to convert the proposed stochastic multi-fidelity continuous-time optimization models into tractable mixed-integer linear optimization models; and Defining flexibility reserve as a new type of reserve in markets that would enable ultimate participation of energy storage devices in provision of services to compensate the variability and uncertainty of RES in electricity markets. This project successfully completed all five major tasks defined in the SOPO, and produced 8 high-impact journal papers, 6 conference papers, 3 published U.S. patents, and one web-based software for continuous-time operation optimization of power systems. The application of the proposed flexibility reserve and the stochastic multi-fidelity continuous-time operation scheduling models would modify the forward commitment and schedule of generating units, ES devices and flexible loads, and would line up the resources in such a way that the composition of available resources is better prepared to respond to the sub-hourly variations of the load and renewable resources in real-time operation. Therefore, this project paves the way to sustainable, reliable, and economic integration of renewable energy resources in power system, supporting the progress towards reaching the national targets on energy independence. Even if the proposed models offers a radically different point of view as compared to existing models, it does not alter fundamentally the architecture of power systems operations, nor the complexity of the scheduling problem, so the integration of this project in power systems is extremely practical.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Zero Emission Delivery Vehicle Demonstration Project (Final Technical Report)

The purpose of the project was to demonstrate thirty (30) fully developed, operational, advanced vehicle technology prototypes for on-road delivery applications within the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Nonattainment Region. After some initial project delays related to difficulties related to financial difficulties from the initial manufacturing partners, the project began to move forward in late 2014 using a fleet-first approach. Ultimately, this project was able to deploy 18 trucks within the Houston region. These vehicles were developed and manufactured by Workhorse and purchased by United Parcel Service (UPS) according to UPS specifications and to be operated out of three different facilities located in the Houston region. Following final delivery of these vehicles during the summer of 2016, the demonstration period began in earnest in December 2016 and continued until the end of November 2018. Once deployed and operating in regular delivery service, the 18 battery electric delivery trucks encountered challenges typical to any new vehicle deployment. In addition to the expected difficulties related to any new vehicle deployments, there were unexpected persistent and ongoing performance issues related to the all-electric technology integrated into the vehicles. This caused significant downtime for many of the project vehicles and lower than anticipated utilization rates over the entire two-year demonstration period.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

Continuous Codes and Standards Improvement (CCSI)

As of 2014, the majority of the codes and standards required to initially deploy hydrogen technologies infrastructure in the United States have been promulgated. These codes and standards will be field tested through their application to actual hydrogen technologies projects. Continuous codes and standards improvement (CCSI) is a process of identifying code issues that arise during project deployment and then developing codes solutions to these issues. These solutions would typically be proposed amendments to codes and standards. The process is continuous because as technology and the state of safety knowledge develops there will be a need to monitor the application of codes and standards and improve them based on information gathered during their application. This paper will discuss code issues that have surfaced through hydrogen technologies infrastructure project deployment and potential code changes that would address these issues. The issues that this paper will address include (1) setback distances for bulk hydrogen storage, (2) code mandated hazard analyses, (3) sensor placement and communication, (4) the use of approved equipment, and (5) system monitoring and maintenance requirements.

08 HYDROGEN↗