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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2014

A Cloud-Based Global Flood Disaster Community Cyber-Infrastructure: Development and Demonstration

Flood disasters have significant impacts on the development of communities globally. This study describes a public cloud-based flood cyber-infrastructure (CyberFlood) that collects, organizes, visualizes, and manages several global flood databases for authorities and the public in real-time, providing location-based eventful visualization as well as statistical analysis and graphing capabilities. In order to expand and update the existing flood inventory, a crowdsourcing data collection methodology is employed for the public with smartphones or Internet to report new flood events, which is also intended to engage citizen-scientists so that they may become motivated and educated about the latest developments in satellite remote sensing and hydrologic modeling technologies. Our shared vision is to better serve the global water community with comprehensive flood information, aided by the state-of-the- art cloud computing and crowdsourcing technology. The CyberFlood presents an opportunity to eventually modernize the existing paradigm used to collect, manage, analyze, and visualize water-related disasters.

CyberFlood↗
NASA NTRS2022

Trends in sulfur dioxide over the Indian subcontinent during 2003–2019

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its oxidation products profoundly impact the air quality and climate. In recent decades, contrasting SO2 trends have been observed over different regions of the globe due to urbanization, energy generation and control measures. In this study, we have investigated the SO2 trends over the rapidly developing Indian subcontinent using model reanalysis, satellite data, and emission inventories during 2003–2019 period. Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) reanalysis shows rapid SO2 growth up to 0.4 ppbv/yr during 2003–2009, particularly significant over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and eastern India. However, the growth becomes slower after 2010 and is followed by a stabilization or slight reduction. The CAMS results agree with the satellite-based observations, however, the model underestimates enhancements over eastern India. The analysis of inventory datasets also suggests slower growths in SO2 emissions and coal-fired electricity generation in recent years. Besides the changes in regional emissions, the enhancements in water vapor and OH radical coinciding with SO2 stabilization indicate strengthening of the sink processes. Model simulation (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2―MERRA-2) with constant emissions shows reduction in SO2 which confirms the stronger chemical losses. Overall, the SO2 trends over the Indian subcontinent are found to be a manifestation of the combined effects of the regional emission change and chemistry. Our findings highlight the need for studies to assess the impacts of changing SO2 trends in India on the regional and global climate.

Lakhima Chutia↗
NASA NTRS1975

The integration of manual and automatic image analysis techniques with supporting ground data in a multistage sampling framework for timber resource inventories: Three examples

An approach to information acquisition is discussed in the context of meeting user-specified needs in a cost-effective, timely manner through the use of remote sensing data, ground data, and multistage sampling techniques. The roles of both LANDSAT imagery and Skylab photography are discussed as first stages of three separate multistage timber inventory systems and results are given for each system. Emphasis is placed on accuracy and meeting user needs.

Gialdini, M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

RECON Replacement Project

The background, project components, and interface requirements of the RECON/STIMS Replacement Project are described. A requirements document was developed outlining the desired functions, architecture, and capabilities to be covered in the procurement process and a Request for Proposal (RFP) was disseminated. The data structure of the existing bibliographic records and files were examined and an inventory of all existing data elements in RECON records was performed. The goal is a standards based, open architecture system.

Hill, Linda↗
NASA NTRS1981

Reindeer ranges inventory in western Alaska

The use of LANDSAT data as a tool for reindeer range inventory on the tundra of northwestern Alaska is addressed. The specific goal is to map the range resource and estimate plant productivity of the Seward Peninsula. Information derived from these surveys is needed to develop range management plans for reindeer herding and to evaluate potential conflicting use between reindeer and caribou. The development of computer image classification techniques is discussed.

George, T. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

NASA/BLM Applications Pilot Test (APT), phase 2. Volume 3: Technology transfer

Techniques used and materials presented at a planning session and two workshops held to provide hands-on training in the integration of quantitatively based remote sensing data are described as well as methods used to enhance understanding of approaches to inventories that integrate multiple data sources given various resource information objectives. Significant results from each of the technology transfer sessions are examined.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2000

BOREAS TGB-9 Above-canopy NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP, and SSA-OA Sites

The BOREAS TGB-9 team collected data in order to inventory and quantify the anthropogenic and biogenic NMHCs over the BOREAS study areas. This data set contains concentration and mixing ratio values for several NMHCs collected at the BOREAS SSA from 27-May-1994 to 15-Sep-1994. The data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

Keiser, B. N.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Evaluation of ERTS-1 data applications to geologic mapping, structural analysis and mineral resource inventory of South America with special emphasis on the Andes Mountain region

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 data is ideally suited for small-scale geologic mapping and structural analysis of remote, inaccessible areas such as the Andes of South America. The synoptic view of large areas, low sun-angle and multispectral nature of the images provide the right ingredients for improving existing geologic and other maps of the regions. In most areas it has been possible to compile geologic, drainage, and cultural interpretive overlays to individual scenes mainly using MSS bands 4, 5, and 7. A test image mosaic using MSS band 6 is being compiled for Test Area 7 (La Paz, Bolivia). It will be at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and cover 4 x 6 degrees of latitude and longitude and will serve as a compilation base on which to join the overlays. Repetitive data shows changes in river channels and sedimentation plumes, changes in lake shorelines, and surface moisture distribution. Vegetation and snow line changes in the Andes have been recognized. A year of seasonal data, however, has not yet been acquired due to tape recorder failure.

Carter, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The use of LANDSAT-1 imagery in mapping and managing soil and range resources in the Sand Hills region of Nebraska

The author has identified the following significant results. Evaluation of ERTS-1 imagery for the Sand Hills region of Nebraska has shown that the data can be used to effectively measure several parameters of inventory needs. (1) Vegetative biomass can be estimated with a high degree of confidence using computer compatable tape data. (2) Soils can be mapped to the subgroup level with high altitude aircraft color infrared photography and to the association level with multitemporal ERTS-1 imagery. (3) Water quality in Sand Hills lakes can be estimated utilizing computer compatable tape data. (4) Center pivot irrigation can be inventoried from satellite data and can be monitored regarding site selection and relative success of establishment from high altitude aircraft color infrared photography. (5) ERTS-1 data is of exceptional value in wide-area inventory of natural resource data in the Sand Hills region of Nebraska.

Seevers, P. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Preparation of urban land use inventories by machine-processing of ERTS MSS data

Spectral classes of urban phenomena identified from ERTS multispectral scanner data in Milwaukee included Surburban, Inner City, Industry, Grassy (open area), Road, Wooded Suburb, Water, Cloud, and Shadow. The Milwaukee spectral class statistics were used to classify the Chicago area, within the same ERTS frame, and similar results were achieved. In another ERTS frame, Marion County (Indianapolis) data were classified into similar classes. The Marion County ERTS study was supported by a land use classification of an area near downtown Indianapolis that utilized 12-band MSS data collected by aircraft from 3000 feet. The results of the ERTS analyses suggest that satellite data will be a useful tool for the urban planner for monitoring urban land use.

Todd, W.↗
NASA NTRS1975

A comparative interregional analysis of selected data from LANDSAT-1 and EREP for the inventory and monitoring of natural ecosystems

Comparative statistics were presented on the capability of LANDSAT-1 and three of the Skylab remote sensing systems (S-190A, S-190B, S-192) for the recognition and inventory of analogous natural vegetations and landscape features important in resource allocation and management. Two analogous regions presenting vegetational zonation from salt desert to alpine conditions above the timberline were observed, emphasizing the visual interpretation mode in the investigation. An hierarchical legend system was used as the basic classification of all land surface features. Comparative tests were run on image identifiability with the different sensor systems, and mapping and interpretation tests were made both in monocular and stereo interpretation with all systems except the S-192. Significant advantage was found in the use of stereo from space when image analysis is by visual or visual-machine-aided interactive systems. Some cost factors in mapping from space are identified. The various image types are compared and an operational system is postulated.

Poulton, C. E.↗
NASA NTRS2019

Design and Construction of a NASA Airborne and Field Investigation Inventory

NASA conducts airborne and field investigations that produce a wealth of valuable research data. Unfortunately, this data is often scattered across individual scientist hard drives or NASA Distributed Active Archive Centers and it can be difficult to locate and retrieve. Although satellite data has been successfully consolidated by tools such as EarthData Search, airborne and field investigation data present unique challenges stemming from the variability of temporal, spatial, platform, and instrument metadata. To address these difficulties with data retrieval and metadata variability, the Interagency Implementation and Concepts Team established an Airborne Data Management Group to improve airborne data search, understanding, access, and use. Surveys have been conducted of end users in order to build query lists that will drive the augmentation and standardization of existing metadata. Detailed metadata was then laboriously compiled from present and historic airborne and field investigations to build a database that will enable intelligent data search and retrieval. The inventory structure and function will be described and demonstrated. The purpose of this presentation is to bring awareness to this effort, to highlight and describe the issues and complications in development, and to increase user interest prior to public release in 2020.

Davis, Carson↗
NASA NTRS2018

Mapping Pine Plantations in the Southeastern U.S. Using Structural, Spectral, and Temporal Remote Sensing Data

The southeastern U.S. produces the most industrial roundwood in the U.S. each year, largely from commercial pine plantations. The extent of plantation forests and management dynamics can be difficult to ascertain from periodic forest inventories, yet short-rotation tree plantations also present challenges for remote sensing. Here, we integrated spectral, temporal, and structural information from airborne and satellite platforms to distinguish pine plantations from natural forests and evaluate the contribution from planted forests to regional forest coverin the southeastern U.S. Within flight lines from NASA Goddard's Lidar, Hyperspectral, and Thermal (G-LiHT) Airborne Imager, lidar metrics of forest structure had the highest overall accuracy for pine plantations among single-source classifications (90%), but the combination of spectral and temporal metrics from Landsat generated comparable accuracy (91%). Combined structural, temporal, and spectral information from G-LiHT and Landsat had the highest accuracy for plantations (92%) and natural forests (88%). At a regional scale, classifications using Landsat spectral and temporal metrics had between 74 and 82% mean class accuracy for plantations.Regionally, plantations accounted for 28% of forest cover in the southeastern U.S., a result similar to plot-based estimates, albeit with greater spatial detail. Regional maps of plantation forests differed from existing map products, including the National Land Cover Database. Combining plantation extent in 2011 with Landsat based forest change data identified strong regional gradients in plantation dynamics since 1985, with distinct spatial patterns of rotation age (east-west) and plantation expansion (interior). Our analysis demonstrates the potential to improve the characterization of dynamic land cover classes, including economically important timber plantations, by integrating diverse remote sensing datasets. Critically, multi-source remote sensing provides an approach to leverage periodic forest inventory data for annual monitoring of managed forest landscapes.

Fagan, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The ten-ecosystem study investigation plan

With the continental United States divided into ten forest and grassland ecosystems, the Ten Ecosystem Study (TES) is designed to investigate the feasibility and applicability of state-of-the-art automatic data processing remote sensing technology to inventory forest, grassland, and water resources by using Land Satellite data. The study will serve as a prelude to a possible future nationwide remote sensing application to inventory forest and rangeland renewable resources. This plan describes project design and phases, the ten ecosystem, data utilization and output, personnel organization, resource requirements, and schedules and milestones.

Kan, E. P.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Analysis of data acquired by synthetic aperture radar and LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner over Kershaw County, South Carolina, during the summer season

Data acquired by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and LANDSAT multispectral scanner (MSS) were processed and analyzed to derive forest-related resources inventory information. The SAR data were acquired by using the NASA aircraft X-band SAR with linear (HH, VV) and cross (HV, VH) polarizations and the SEASAT L-band SAR. After data processing and data quality examination, the three polarization (HH, HV, and VV) data from the aircraft X-band SAR were used in conjunction with LANDSAT MSS for multisensor data classification. The results of accuracy evaluation for the SAR, MSS and SAR/MSS data using supervised classification show that the SAR-only data set contains low classification accuracy for several land cover classes. However, the SAR/MSS data show that significant improvement in classification accuracy is obtained for all eight land cover classes. These results suggest the usefulness of using combined SAR/MSS data for forest-related cover mapping. The SAR data also detect several small special surface features that are not detectable by MSS data.

Wu, S. T.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Using Enviro-Pod low altitude imagery to inventory building surface materials for an acid rain study - A Baltimore example

Low altitude, oblique and vertical color photography taken from EPA's Enviro-Pod Ka 85 camera system has provided the data for taking an inventory of building surface materials in a test area of downtown Baltimore. Photography was acquired from a gridded flight plan to provide views of all sides of buildings. Color, texture, and linear detail are employed in the photo interpretation aided by contextual reference to a classification of building construction type developed in an earlier study. The work could potentially support a materials inventory initiated by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) by scientists from EPA, Geological Survey, and the Department of Energy. Initial results show the method to be viable. Discrete surface materials such as brick, both bare and painted, stone, and metal are identified.

Ellefsen, Richard↗
NASA NTRS1983

Wildland inventory and resource modeling for Douglas and Carson City Counties, Nevada, using LANDSAT and digital terrain data

The potential of using LANDSAT satellite imagery to map and inventory pinyon-juniper desert forest types in Douglas and Carson City Counties, Nevada was demonstrated. Specific map and statistical products produced include land cover, mechanical operations capability, big game winter range habitat, fire hazard, and forest harvestability. The Nevada Division of Forestry determined that LANDSAT can produce a reliable and low-cost resource data. Added benefits become apparent when the data are linked to a geographical information system (GIS) containing existing ownership, planning, elevation, slope, and aspect information.

Brass, J. A.↗