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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

The application of remote sensing technology to the inventory of playa lakes in the High Plains of Texas

The feasibility of using LANDSAT digital data to inventory the playa lakes of the High Plains region of Texas was investigated. The project will use the detection and mapping (DAM) package developed at NASA-Johnson Space Center. The economy of the High Plains region is dependent on ground water for irrigation and the Ogallala aquifer is being depleted faster than it is being recharged. The playa lakes represent a potential source of artificial recharge for the aquifer and an inventory is the first step in that direction.

Wyatt, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A study of Minnesota land and water resources using remote sensing

A pilot study of 60 lakes in Minnesota shows that LANDSAT data correlate very well with the Carlson trophic state index which is derived from measurements in the field. Nimbus satellite data reveal improvement in water quality in Lake Superior since the dumping of taconite tailings stopped in 1980. A feasibility study of using color infrared photography as a near real time tool for soil and crop management in corn and soybean areas of the state generated strong interest from farmers and agribusiness firms. The state geological survey had success in the use and applications of LANDSAT images. Subtleties of changes in vegetation, soil, and topography are such that ground water presence and depth to water table are nearly always impossible to qualify except for broad scale applications. Bedrock and structural differences as shown in lineaments offer great potential for resolution of some kinds of geologic studies. A synergistic concept is to be used to search for mineral resources in the northeastern part of the state.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1972

ERTS computer compatible tape data processing and analysis. Appendix 1: The utility of imaging radars for the study of lake ice

There are no author-identified significant results in this report. Remotely sensed multispectral scanner and return beam vidicon imagery from ERTS-1 is being used for: (1) water depth measurements in the Virgin Islands and Upper Lake Michigan areas; (2) mapping of the Yellowstone National Park; (3) assessment of atmospheric effects in Colorado; (4) lake ice surveillance in Canada and Great Lakes areas; (5) recreational land use in Southeast Michigan; (6) International Field Year on the Great Lakes investigations of Lake Ontario; (7) image enhancement of multispectral scanner data using existing techniques; (8) water quality monitoring of the New York Bight, Tampa Bay, Lake Michigan, Santa Barbara Channel, and Lake Erie; (9) oil pollution detection in the Chesapeake Bay, Gulf of Mexico southwest of New Orleans, and Santa Barbara Channel; and (10) mapping iron compounds in the Wind River Mountains.

Polcyn, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Specular scattering on a terrestrial playa and implications for planetary surface studies

Multiangle Advanced Solid State Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS) and Portable Apparatus for Rapid Acquisition of Bidirectional Observations of Land and Atmosphere (PARABOLA) visible and near infrared reflectance data covering the Lunar Lake playa, Nevada, were modeled using specular and volume scattering theory. The volume component used to model the data was based on the Hapke (1986) model and the specular scattering component was based on Fresnel reflection from surface facets with a distribution of tilts. Specular scattering was needed to explain the several-fold increase in reflectance observed at high phase angles in the solar principal plane. Results imply single scattering albedos of approximately 0.93 to 0.95, a real index of refraction value of approximately 1.52 (at a wavelength of 0.66 micron), a small imaginary index of refraction and an exponential facet tilt probability function for the playa. Electron micrographs showed th playa surface to consist of ensembles of smooth, micrometer-scale ellipsoidal particles on gently undulating topography at the millimeter to centimeter scale. The exponential probability function is consistent with this observation. Mars and the icy satellites are discussed as possible places to look for a significant specular scattering component.

Shepard, Michael K.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Preliminary evaluation of ERTS-1 for determining numbers and distribution of prairie ponds and lakes

ERTS-1 and aircraft multispectral data collected over a North Dakota test site during July 1972, are compared to evaluate the capability of the satellite sensors to detect numbers and distribution of prairie ponds and lakes. Recognition maps using ERTS-1, MSS 7 data are generated using a level slicing technique. Surface water areas larger than two acres are recognized, but ponds in the one-to two-acre range are detected only at random. The proportion estimation technique will improve the accuracy of area determination and small pond detection.

Work, E. A., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2012

Planetary Lake Lander - A Robotic Sentinel to Monitor a Remote Lake

The Planetary Lake Lander Project is studying the impact of rapid deglaciation at a high altitude alpine lake in the Andes, where disrupted environmental, physical, chemical, and biological cycles result in newly emerging natural patterns. The solar powered Lake Lander robot is designed to monitor the lake system and characterize both baseline characteristics and impacts of disturbance events such as storms and landslides. Lake Lander must use an onboard adaptive science-on-the-fly approach to return relevant data about these events to mission control without exceeding limited energy and bandwidth resources. Lake Lander carries weather sensors, cameras and a sonde that is winched up and down the water column to monitor temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and other water quality parameters. Data from Lake Lander is returned via satellite and distributed to an international team of scientists via web-based ground data systems. Here, we describe the Lake Lander Project scientific goals, hardware design, ground data systems, and preliminary data from 2011. The adaptive science-on-the-fly system will be described in future papers.

Pedersen, Liam↗
NASA NTRS2007

Viability of NLCD Products From IRS-P6, And From Landsat 7 Scan-gap Data

Landcover test on Salt Lake test site illustrates potential issues with AWiFS/LISS-III for classification of certain land cover classes (evergreen, shrub/scrub, woody wetlands, emergent wetlands). Canopy and impervious graphs of product differences from source indicate slightly lower overall accuracies (shorter peaks, wider bases) for AWiFS/LISS-III, compared to L5/L7. Inspection of individual products from canopy and impervious estimate tests revealed issues with combining AWifs quadrants, and similar but less severe effects with combining multiple dates of L7 scan gap data.

Coan, Michael↗
NASA NTRS1982

The role of multispectral scanners as data sources for EPA hydrologic models

An estimated cost savings of 30% to 50% was realized from using LANDSAT-derived data as input into a program which simulates hydrologic and water quality processes in natural and man-made water systems. Data from the satellite were used in conjunction with EPA's 11-channel multispectral scanner to obtain maps for characterizing the distribution of turbidity plumes in Flathead Lake and to predict the effect of increasing urbanization in Montana's Flathead River Basin on the lake's trophic state. Multispectral data are also being studied as a possible source of the parameters needed to model the buffering capability of lakes in an effort to evaluate the effect of acid rain in the Adirondacks. Water quality in Lake Champlain, Vermont is being classified using data from the LANDSAT and the EPA MSS. Both contact-sensed and MSS data are being used with multivariate statistical analysis to classify the trophic status of 145 lakes in Illinois and to identify water sampling sites in Appalachicola Bay where contaminants threaten Florida's shellfish.

Slack, R.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Rb-Sr ages of the Archean rocks from the Vermilion district, northeastern Minnesota

The Vermilion district in Northeastern Minnesota is a classic example of a lower Precambrian greenstone-granite terrane in the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield. The present study presents new Rb-Sr isotopic data for the Ely Greenstone, the Newton Lake Formation, granitic pebbles that occur within the Ely Greenstone, a graywacke composite of the Knife Lake Group, and some Algoman granites whose data are complementary to those of Peterman et al. (1972). The isochron ages obtained are statistically indistinguishable and therefore cannot be used to resolve the timing of specific geologic events. Volcanic extrusion, granitic intrusion, and metamorphism are shown to be less contemporaneous events which probably took place within a time span of less than 50 m.y. A major conclusion is that a granitic basement probably did not underlie the Ely Greenstone.

Jahn, B.-M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Development of an information data base for watershed monitoring

Landsat multispectral scanner data, Defense Mapping Agency digital terrain data, conventional maps, and ground data were integrated to create a comprehensive information data base (the Image Based Information System), to monitor the water quality of the Lake Tahoe Basin. Landsat imagery was used as the planimetric base to which all other data were registered. A georeference image plane, which provided an interface between all data planes for the Lake Tahoe Basin data base, was created from the drainage basin map. The data base was used to extract each drainage basin for separate display. The Defense Mapping Agency-created elevation image was processed with VICAR software to produce a component representing slope magnitude, which was cross-tabulated with the drainage basin georeference table. Future applications of the data base include the development of precipitation modeling, surface runoff models, and classification of drainage basin cover types.

Smith, A. Y.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Examining Lake Michigan Spring Euphotic Depth (Zeu) Anomalies: Utilizing 10 Years of MODIS-Aqua Data at 4 Kilometer Resolution

Examination of ten years of euphotic depth anomalies in Lake Michigan during the months of March-June indicates the following: The well-known and frequently observed occurrence of a turbidity feature in the southern part of Lake Michigan during the spring season has become less common during the period 2003-2012. Overall, the clarity of Lake Michigan water in the southern end of the lake appears to have increased spring season over the period 2003-2012. Euphotic depth can be used as a primary indicator of changes in Lake Michigan lacustrine optics, and for other large lakes. Unique events, such as the heavy rains in June 2008, can have a distinct signature in the euphotic depth anomaly distribution in Lake Michigan.

Acker, James G.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Keweenaw Bay Water Resources: Turbidity Data Decision Support for Shoreline Assessment and Management in Lake Superior's Keweenaw Bay

Community Concerns: Keweenaw Bay is vulnerable to flooding and erosion, which threaten wetland restoration projects that provide a critical habitat for wildlife and fish. Erosion and flooding threaten the loss of public beaches and shoreline, coastal infrastructure, and impacts to coastal highways, which has driven shoreline armoring projects. Our goals were to first, produce a seasonal turbidity analysis to understand the sediment redistribution patterns in the bay during snow melt and rainy seasons to provide insight into coastal sediment dynamics. KBIC has completed an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - funded project titled "Long-Term Coastal Dynamic Collaborative for Tribal Resiliency" which has thus far produced detailed shoreline maps of the area. The NASA DEVELOP project is taking place in between phase 1 and 2 of the EPA-funded project.

Khaim Syed-Raza↗
NASA NTRS2022

Keweenaw Bay Water Resources: Turbidity Data Decision Support for Shoreline Assessment and Management in Lake Superior'S Keweenaw Bay

The Keweenaw Bay Indian Community (KBIC) has shoreline along the south of Lake Superior that is contaminated with copper stamp sands from legacy mining. The stamp sands have been capped with sandy-loam soils and restored native species, but erosion and flooding threaten to re-deposit these stamp sands onto wetlands and into the bay. Erosion and flooding also threaten loss of beaches and shoreline, infrastructure, wetland restoration projects, and coastal highways, which has driven shoreline armoring. However, while shoreline armoring can be effective in protecting the intended areas, it can also exacerbate erosion in nearby unarmored areas, so its net impact on the shoreline is yet to be quantified. The DEVELOP team partnered with KBIC and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to utilize imagery from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) in order to analyze turbidity proxies. The results from these analyses showed that seasonal variation in study area was greatest during the season dominated by rain, but spatial variability across our study period did not show a clear trend. These results will be used to better inform future shoreline management efforts and support resilience in the face of more coastal erosion.

remote sensing↗
NASA NTRS2000

BOREAS RSS-18 Level-1B AVIRIS Imagery: At-Sensor Radiance in BIL Format

These data were collected and processed by the BOREAS RSS-18 team at NASA JPL. Data were acquired for BOREAS with NASA's AVIRIS. This optical sensor measures images that consist of spectra from 400 to 2500 nm at 10-nm sampling. These spectra are acquired as images with 20-meter spatial resolution, 11-km swath width and up to 800-km length. The measurements are spectrally, radiometrically, and geometrically calibrated. Spatially, the data are focused on the BOREAS NSA and SSA near Thompson, Manitoba, and Candle Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada, respectively. AVIRIS data were collected in 1994 during the Thaw campaign at the NSA and SSA, at the SSA in IFC-1, and at the NSA and SSA in both IFC-2 and IFC-3. In 1996, AVIRIS was deployed in the winter and summer campaigns in the SSA only. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884) or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

Newcomer, Jeffrey A.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII

The present conference discusses such topics as density crossovers in lunar picrites, the geology of the Cassini impact basin, Mars, nanobacteria in carbonates, the properties of shocked aerogels, a chemical model of Comet Halley, lunar mascons, the impact evolution of icy regoliths, the geology of the Venera 8 landing site, the photogeologic mapping of northern Venus, HST observations of Mars, observational constraints on the rotational dynamics of Mars, and primordial magnetic field measurements from the moon. Also discussed are models of the S2 fluorescence spectra of comets, Martian crater ejecta, the heights of Venusian steep-sided domes, cloud-climate interactions on Venus, the Humorum basin geology from Clementine data, an early Amazonian lake in the Gale crater of Mars, nebular fractionations and Mn-Cr systematics, the Rock Chipper planetary surface sample collection, Mariner 10 stereo images of Mercury, remote and local stresses and Calderas on Mars, the electrostatic charging of saltating particles, SO2 detected on Callisto, the Mars Explorer Planetary Data System, an assessment of explosive venting on Europa, the sequential faulting history of the Mars Valles Marineris, a search for Martian sediments, the composition and internal structure of Europa, long-term and 'diurnal' tidal stresses on Europa, and episodic greenhouse climates on Mars.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1991

Surface scattering properties estimated from modeling ASAS multiple emission angle reflectance data over the lunar crater volcanic field, Nevada

ASAS multispectral data were acquired over Lunar Lake playa at 12 different lighting and viewing geometries. Atmospheric models and field-based data demonstrate that atmospheric contributions to ASAS data were relatively small and were thus ignored in analyses of surface photometric properties. ASAS data of an artificially roughened playa and cobble-strewn surfaces exhibit trends of increasing reflectance as phase angle decreases. The reflectance of a natural playa surface exhibits Lambertian scattering properties that cannot be replicated with the Hapke (1986) photometric function. The Hapke model does fit the rough and cobble-strewn playa data with single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and roughness terms consistent with known properties of these surfaces. No published photometric model explains the reflectance variations of all three surfaces.

Guinness, Edward A.↗