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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Sampling and Analysis Plan for Investigation of Undeclared Nuclear Activities - 20104

The nuclear-centered energy policy in South Korea is moving towards a nuclear-free era. It also facilitates an action or progress on the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. The Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) launched a new R and D project which attempts to verify nuclear activities via analyzing environmental samples. Environmental samples possibly contain significant radiological information relevant to past undeclared activities. In order to precisely verify them, it is essential to provide 1) the concrete information of target facilities, 2) appropriate methodologies and procedures, and 3) well-suited instrumentation and equipment corresponding to sample signatures. It is also important to provide scientific reliability or validity in any process such as sample collection, handling, transportation and laboratory analysis. Therefore, the information of nuclear facilities (fuel fabrication plant, graphite moderated reactor, reprocessing plant) in North Korea are reviewed in order to determine parameters for appropriate sampling methods representing a facility's characteristics. Secondly, a sampling procedure for radioactive elements is being developed based on international and domestic standards such as ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), KS (Korean industrial Standards), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) manuals. The procedure contains some specific information including sampling process, sampling tools, amount of sample, sample identification, and other related information. Developing the qualified national guidelines is most important since sampling and analyzing results can be used as evidences of nuclear activities. The guideline developed through this work will clearly define various methodologies such as document verification, sampling procedures, collection methods, sample storage criteria, chain of custody, and transportation conditions. The final objective of this work is to establish the infrastructure and regulatory framework for assessment of nuclear activities, and provide a national guideline for sampling and analysis. This will bring confidence in the results and play a critical role in complete denuclearization progress in South Korea. (authors)

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2020

An Electrochemically Mediated Amine Regeneration Process with a Mixed Absorbent for Postcombustion CO 2 Capture

Electrochemically mediated amine regeneration (EMAR) was recently developed to avoid the use of thermal means to release CO2 captured from postcombustion flue gas in the benchmark amine process. To address concerns related to the high vapor pressure of ethylenediamine (EDA) as the primary amine used in EMAR, a mixture of EDA and aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) was investigated. The properties of the mixed amine systems, including the absorption rates, electrolyte pH and conductivity, and CO2 capacity, were evaluated in comparison with those of solely EDA. The mixed amine system had similar properties to that of EDA, indicating no significant changes would be necessary for the future implementation of the EMAR process with mixed amines as opposed to that with just EDA. The electrochemical performance of the mixed amines in terms of the cell voltage, gas desorption rate, electron utilization, and energetics was also investigated. A 50/50 mixture of EDA and AEEA displayed the lowest energetics: ~10% lower than that of 100% EDA. With this mixture, a continuous EMAR process, in which the absorption column was connected to the electrochemical cell as the desorption stage, was tested over 100 h. The cell voltage was very stable and there was a steady gas output close to theoretical values. The desorbed gas was further analyzed and found to be 100% CO2, confirming no evaporation of the amine. The mixed absorbent composition was also characterized using titration and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the results showed no amine degradation. Furthermore, these findings that demonstrate a stable, low vapor pressure absorbent with improved energetics are promising and could be a guideline for the future development of EMAR for CO2 capture from flue gas and other sources.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Hazardous Chemical Inventory Guidelines, Purpose, and Process

The Environment, Safety, and Health Planning department at Sandia National Laboratories is interested in the purchase and storage of chemicals and their potential impact following an uncontrolled release. The large number of projects conducted at SNL make tracking every chemical purchase impractical; therefore, attention is focused on hazardous substances purchased in large quantities. Chemicals and quantities of concern are determined through regulatory guidelines; e.g., the OSHA Process Safety Management list, the EPA Risk Management Plan list, and the Department of Energy Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions Emergency Response Planning Guidelines. Based on these regulations, a list of chemicals with quantities of concern was created using the Aerial Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) and SCREEN View chemical dispersion modelling software. The nature of this report does not draw conclusions, rather it documents the logic for a chemicals of concern list to ensure compliance with various regulations and form the basis for monitoring chemicals that may affect hazard classification. Hazardous Chemical Inventory Guidelines, Purpose, and Process 4 This page left blank.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scripts and data associated with a manuscript linking soil and sediment elemental composition with dissolved organic matter chemistry across CONUS

This data package provides scripts and geochemical data for a manuscript titled “Linkages between mineral element composition of soils and sediments with hyporheic zone dissolved organic matter chemistry across the contiguous United States” (preprint: doi: 10.22541/essoar.169447343.31694990/v1). This data is associated with the Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS, https://whondrs.pnnl.gov) and is an extension of the Summer 2019 Sampling campaign which crowdsourced samples from rivers and sediment across the continental United States. Data from this study can be found at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/1603775 and https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/datasets/doi:10.15485/1729719. The main objective of this manuscript was to couple sediment water extractable dissolved organic matter chemistry, defined by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry, with localized sediment elemental composition and watershed scale soil elemental characteristics. This data package contains one main folder with four subfolders. The main data folder contains (1) readme; (2) data dictionary (dd); (3) file-level metadata (flmd); (4) an R markdown to reproduce manuscript figures and analyses; (5) a pdf of instructions to reproduce NGS interpolations with ArcGIS software; and (6) a python script to reproduce NGS extrapolations with python. The four subfolders contain files required to reproduce NGS extrapolations include (1) ‘CONUS_boundaries’ containing boundary layers (.shp) for the Continental United States; (2) ‘ngs_project’ containing files (.shp) with point level NGS soil elemental data (Grossman et al., 2004); (3) ‘raster_outputs’ containing the interpolated raster output files for various soil elements; and (4) ‘NGS_Chemistry_Final’ contain final extracted soil elemental data.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Leaf mass area, leaf carbon and nitrogen content of 18 plant species, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2023

Leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf carbon and nitrogen content of Arctic vegetation species from three sites on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. The plants were sampled in July 2023 from the Kougarok Mile 64, Teller Mile 27 and Council sites as part of an ongoing project to improve the understanding of stomatal conductance and photosynthetic parameterization of Arctic plant functional types (PFTs). Species sampled included deciduous tall and dwarf shrubs, forbs, and graminoids, for a total of 18 species. All sampled leaves were used for gas exchange measurements prior to analysis of LMA and leaf carbon and nitrogen content. The data and metadata files included in this data package are in .csv format. See related dataset NGA509 for leaf-level gas exchange measurements and shrub traits (size, thaw depth, soil moisture).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Data and Scripts associated with a manuscript on ecosystem responses to wildfires in the Columbia River Basin

This data package is associated with the publication “Ecosystem leaf area, gross primary production, and evapotranspiration responses to wildfire in the Columbia River Basin” submitted to Biogeosciences (Shi et al., 2024; doi: 10.22541/au.171053013.30286044/v1). In this research, data products, leaf area index (LAI), gross primary production (GPP), and evapotranspiration (ET), from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are used to quantify the resistance and resilience of different ecosystem types in the Columbia River Basin (CRB). A machine learning algorithm, random forest (RF), was used to examine the impacts of precipitation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and burn severity from Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) on ecosystem resilience. The data package includes the processed MODIS data products, precipitation, VPD, and burn severity in 138 fire regions in CRB and the input files for RF model training. This data package includes six folders. The MODIS products are included in three MODIS_* folders with shell scripts for data clipping and *ncl files for data processing: (1) “/MODIS_LAI_CRB”; (2) “/MODIS_GPP_CRB”; and (3) “/MODIS_ET_CRB”. All the processed data for each fire event are NetCDF formatted. The MTBS burn severity data and the shell and *ncl scripts used for data processing are in the folder named (4) “MTBS_fire”. The ERA meteorological fields and the data processing scritps are in (5) “ERA_Var_CR”. All the scripts for figure development are in the format of *ncl and in the folder (6) “paper_scripts”. See the file ending in “flmd.csv” for a list of all files contained in this data package and descriptions for each. Tabular column headers and units are described in the data dictionary file ending in “dd.csv”.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Videos, photos, and AI-derived grain size data associated with “High-throughput AI Video Surveys Enable Reproducible Multiscale Sediment Size Mapping, with Implications for Hydrobiogeochemical Parameterization”

NOTE: The manuscript associated with this data package is currently in review. The data may be revised based on reviewer feedback. Upon manuscript acceptance, this data package will be updated with the final dataset and additional metadata. This data package is associated with the manuscript “High-throughput AI Video Surveys Enable Reproducible Multiscale Sediment Size Mapping, with Implications for Hydrobiogeochemical Parameterization” under review. This data package includes five data types: 1) raw photos and videos from drone survey and walking smartphone surveys; 2) images derived from raw videos; 3) manual labeling of reference scales; 4) metadata for all images and photo resolution derived from artificial intelligence (AI) models or manual labels, 5) grain size data obtained from AI models for all photos, 6) metadata and grain size data after quality control, 7) summaries of sample efficiency for all data, and 8) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data used to support hydro-biogeochemical (HBGC) parameter estimation. Such data is used to 1) demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, efficiency, and quality control for grain size data collection with the help of AI models, 2) study the spatial heterogeneity of grain size and observation reproducibility based on tens of thousands of data points generated by the AI models, and 3) evaluate the impacts of grain size heterogeneity on key HBGC parameters across sediment-to-reach and hourly-to-yearly scales. In particular, the data package contains 116 folders and 179696 files. The files include 41 videos in .mov format, 64047 photos in .jpg format, 13541 video-derived photos in .png format, 12747 segmentation mask data in .tif format, 12747 segmentation data in .json format, 24771 .csv files that with metadata and grain size for each individual photo as well as water depth and velocity data from CFD and observation, 51791 .txt files of raw AI predicted labels, and 11 flight record data in .srt format. The summary for all metadata and grain size statistics information is included in “Scales_V3_NG.csv” and “Statistics_V3_NG.csv”. The summary for data that pass data quality control (QC) level 0-2 is included in “QCStatistics_V3_NG.csv”. The QC level 0 represents photos whose photo resolution is positive, excluding photos that miss reference scale. The QC level 1 means reference scale circularity uncertainty is less than 5% for smartphone images while representing photo resolution is larger than 0.44 mm/pixel for drone images. The QC level 2 means excluding photos whose grain number is less than 100, a minimum number of grains recommended by classic literature. The summary for each video’s name, length, frame rates, survey area, grain number, survey efficiency, etc. can be found in “QCSummary_V3_NG.csv”. The summary for site name, GPS coordinates, and number of images at each site can be found in “SitesSummary_V3_*.csv” files. Overall computational efficiency summary is reported in Table 4 of accompanying manuscript. Additionally, the nitrate concentration data used in this work was downloaded from an existing dataset published on ESS-DIVE (Boat-Dragged Sensor Hanford Reach.csv; Conner A. et al., 2020). We thank the United States Forest Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Natural Resources, Cowiche Canyon Conservatory, Port of Benton, and the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation for access to field locations where the data were collected. We also thank the Yakama Nation Tribal Council and Yakama Nation Fisheries for working with us to facilitate data collection and optimization of data usage according to their values and worldview.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Specific conductivity and salinity of the Parker River, PIE LTER, Plum Island Sound MA, August-November 2022

This dataset contains specific conductivity and calculated salinity data of Parker River water at a tidal brackish wetland dominated by Typha angustifolia at the upper estuary of the Plum Island Sound in Newbury, Massachusetts (MA) within the Plum Island Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research site (PIE LTER). Measurements were taken to evaluate temporal changes in surface water salinity in high frequency to characterize boundary conditions of soil and plant responses to changes in salinity. A PVC pipe was installed in a low elevation spot in the creek bank so that the bottom of the pipe sat on the sediment surface allowing flushing with water during flooding. Raw measurements were collected using an Onset HOBO U24-002 Saltwater Conductivity/Salinity data logger. The specific conductance and salinity measurements were corrected and calculated respectively using Onset’s HOBOware software and reference specific conductivity measurements taken in tandem with the first and last points recorded by the HOBO sensor. These reference measurements were taken using a HACH HQ14D Portable Conductivity Meter. Because of the installation design, only data one hour before and after high tide are used. Metadata files Typha_ctd_salinity_dd.csv and Typha_ctd_salinity_flmd.csv contain detailed information on data variables, sampling and QA/QC methods, and site location.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Specific conductivity and salinity of the Parker River, PIE LTER, Plum Island Sound MA, March-November 2023

This dataset contains specific conductivity and calculated salinity data of Parker River water at a tidal brackish wetland dominated by Typha angustifolia at the upper estuary of the Plum Island Sound in Newbury, Massachusetts (MA) within the Plum Island Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research site (PIE LTER). Measurements were taken to evaluate temporal changes in surface water salinity in high frequency to characterize boundary conditions of soil and plant responses to changes in salinity. A PVC pipe was installed in a low elevation spot in the creek bank so that the bottom of the pipe sat on the sediment surface allowing flushing with water during flooding. Raw measurements were collected using an Onset HOBO U24-002 Saltwater Conductivity/Salinity data logger. The specific conductance and salinity measurements were corrected and calculated respectively using Onset’s HOBOware software and reference specific conductivity measurements taken in tandem with the first and last points recorded by the HOBO sensor. These reference measurements were taken using a HACH HQ14D Portable Conductivity Meter. Because of the installation design, only data one hour before and after high tide are used. Metadata files Typha_ctd_salinity_dd.csv and Typha_ctd_salinity_flmd.csv contain detailed information on data variables, sampling and QA/QC methods, and site location.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Physiological Responses of Populus trichocarpa to Warming

This data set contains empirical physiological, morphological, and chemical data collected over time on Western Black Cottonwood (Populs trichocarpa Torr. & A.Gray ex Hook., Salicaceae) clones, between July and December 2019 at Oak Ridge National Lab. The project was designed to experimentally warm P. trichocarpa clones and assess their physiological acclimation of leaves versus roots. Branch cuttings of the Nisqually-1 genotype were obtained from the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI) in Stanford, California, and propagated in leach tubes. Ninety genetically identical clones were planted into specially constructed mesocosm growth boxes and grown for an initial six weeks in the greenhouse, and then grown at three temperature treatments for ten weeks. The daytime air temperatures of treatments were approximately 25°C, 29°C, and 33°C. Measurements on plant physiology and growth were conducted at various intervals throughout the experiment. This dataset contains nine data files in comma separate (*.csv) format.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Soil Temperature and Moisture, Teller Road Mile Marker 27, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2016-2023

Daily averages of soil temperature and moisture measured once every hour at different heights located at Intensive Monitoring Stations at Teller Road Mile Marker 27 site. Data are retrieved annually from 2016-2023. This is the final update to this dataset: no changes to previous data files with the addition of 2022-2023 data files. Data files have header rows, NaN fields indicate invalid or missing data, and negative vertical offsets are above ground. UPDATED 2025-07: Seven new data files collected in 2022-2023 were added and no previously archived data were changed. This represents the final collection of data and text in the title was changed to reflect the defined timespan. Other files that were added: file-level metadata, a data dictionary, a site location map, and a data file inventory by year. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Air temperature, Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska, July 15-17, 2022

Air temperature measured at 15 minute intervals using a HOBO 64K Pendant UA-001-64 housed in a solar radiation shield. Data were collected 15-27 July 2022, on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO), Utqiagvik, Alaska. The data package files are in .csv format, and include a data file and metadata file. These data were collected in support of stomatal response gas exchange measurements collected during this time period. See related data packages for leaf gas exchange data, leaf trait data (leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen concentration), and phenocamera images collected at the same time and location. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Assembling an Effective Team for Renewable Generation and Storage Projects

On-site renewable generation and storage systems have piqued the interest of facility owners to substantially reduce their energy costs and environmental footprint. Assembling an effective team before the project begins can streamline the implementation of these systems and ensure that the design, installation, and operation of the system are well aligned with the needs of the facility owner. To inform this process, this resource will provide three specific guidelines: Guideline 1: Identify common skillsets in renewable energy and storage projects; Guideline 2: Decide who will fill these skillsets, internally and externally; and Guideline 3: Recognize additional project considerations to ensure cost-effectiveness, increased resiliency, and contribution to both electrification and decarbonization goals.

ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION↗
DOE OSTI2026

Guideline for Characterizing and Evaluating a Candidate Project Site for Solar Thermal Applications

This document presents a structured procedure for characterizing and evaluating candidate project sites for concentrating solar power (CSP) and solar heat for industrial processes (SHIP) applications. The objective is to provide project developers, researchers, and other stakeholders with a consistent, technology-agnostic framework for early-stage site assessment, enabling informed decision-making prior to significant investment in project development. Site selection is a critical factor in project success or failure for both CSP and SHIP projects. Key factors such as solar resource availability, land characteristics, environmental and regulatory constraints, infrastructure availability, and community context are determined by the choice of project site and can materially impact project performance, cost, schedule, and overall viability. This procedure is designed to systematically evaluate these factors, identify potential fatal flaws, and prioritize the most favorable candidate sites for further development. The process begins with rapid screening-level evaluation, using publicly available data to assess solar resource, land availability and suitability, zoning and land-use compatibility, and exclusion zones such as protected lands or sensitive habitats. Sites that meet the minimum screening criteria advance to a more detailed characterization. Subsequent sections of this report provide guidance for a next-level assessment of the most important technical and environmental parameters, including: 1) Solar resource quality, variability, and uncertainty using multiyear datasets and, where appropriate, on-site measurement campaigns; 2) Meteorological conditions such as wind, temperature, extreme weather events, and soiling impacts; 3) Land characteristics including slope, shading, and geotechnical conditions; and 4) Environmental and regulatory considerations, including permitting processes, endangered species, cultural resources, and visual impacts. The procedure also addresses infrastructure and integration considerations, including: 1) Grid interconnection requirements for CSP power generation projects; 2) Electrical and operational integration for SHIP facilities; 3) Water availability, quality, and permitting constraints, which are particularly critical for CSP in arid regions; and 4) Site access, construction logistics, and availability of workforce and supporting services. Recognizing the importance of social and economic context, the procedure includes evaluation of community engagement factors, such as stakeholder sentiment, proximity to sensitive visual receptors, workforce development opportunities, and local economic incentives. The outputs of these assessments are synthesized in a cost and risk evaluation, translating site characteristics into expected impacts on capital cost, operating cost, schedule, and technical risk. This is complemented by screening-level performance modeling, including 8760 simulations and long-term projections, to quantify expected energy or thermal output, assess variability thereof, and support comparison between candidate sites. Finally, the procedure provides high-level guidance on a structured go/no-go decision framework, categorizing sites based on identified risks and constraints, and outlining a clear path forward to feasibility studies and front-end engineering design for viable projects. By standardizing the site characterization process across both CSP and SHIP applications, this guideline aims to: 1) Improve consistency and transparency in early-stage project evaluation; 2) Reduce development risk and avoid investment in nonviable project sites; 3) Support collaboration between developers, researchers, and public agencies; and 4) Accelerate successful deployment of concentrating solar technologies for both power generation and industrial process heat.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) Data, 2024, Trail Creek, Colorado

This dataset contains Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) data collected at Trail Creek, Colorado, in 2024. EMI surveys were conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of electrical conductivity in the subsurface, providing insights into soil moisture and subsurface geological features. The surveys were performed along multiple transects to capture variations in conductivity influenced by changes in soil composition, moisture content, and underlying geological structures. This dataset complements other geophysical data collected in the region, including Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS), providing a detailed understanding of the subsurface and its impact on surface vegetation and hydrological processes. The data are valuable for environmental geophysics, ecological research, and hydrological modeling in mountainous ecosystems. The files include: - data.zip: the raw EMI data (.csv) - inversion.zip: the inverted resistivity model (.csv and .kml) - kriging.zip: the kriging resistivity model (.csv, .tif, .kmz) - flmd.csv: file level metadata file describing all files within this dataset - dd.csv: data dictionary file describing the column headers within CSV files This work was supported by the Watershed Function Science Focus Area at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

CMD Mini-Explorer↗
DOE OSTI2023

Performance Audit Report: Automated Meteorological Monitoring Stations, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

The Waste and Air Quality Offices Group at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory operates two main meteorological monitoring sites near Livermore, California. The primary met tower (Site 200) is located in the northwest corner of the lab and consists of a fifty-two (52) meter tower with vertical wind speed sensors, horizontal wind speed and direction sensors and air temperature sensors at fifty-two (52) meters, twenty-three (23) meters and ten (10) meters. In addition, there is a temperature and humidity probe at ten (10) meters. At two (2) meters there are upward and downward facing solar and infrared radiation sensors, an air temperature sensor, barometric pressure sensor and a temperature and relative humidity probe. At ground level there is a tipping bucket rain gauge located to the southwest of the tower. The datalogger, communication peripherals and the barometric pressure sensor are housed in a small building near the tower. The Site 300 met site is located approximately 10 miles east of Livermore within the boundary of the LLNL blast test site. This site also consists of a 52-meter tower which is configured the same as the 52-meter tower at Site 200. There is also a building at this site that houses the datalogger, communication peripherals and the barometric pressure sensor. At both Site 200 and Site 300, data are collected by Ethernet with telephone modem collection as a backup. The data collection interval for both sites is fifteen (15) minutes via workstations running Loggernet software located at the main lab facility. The audits of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s two automated meteorological stations located near Livermore, California were performed on October 24 & 25, 2023. These audits were performed under the guidelines of the Quality Assurance Handbook for Air Pollution Measurement Systems, Volume IV, Version 2 and the On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for Regulatory Modeling Applications, U.S. EPA.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Timeseries Unlabeled and Labeled Photos, Modeled Stream Elevation, and (Meta)Data of Variably Inundated Streams Across The Yakima River Basin, Washington, United States (v2)

This dataset is associated with the “River Monitoring Photos” (RMP) study and subsequent manuscript (Bao et al. 2025. Monitoring river flow status using low-cost wildlife camera and image segmentation artificial intelligence doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106715). Game camera timeseries photos were collected to evaluate stream variable inundation via changes in width. A subset of photos was labeled for training the YOLOv8 and Mask2Former models and used to segment water surface fractions from all the game camera photos.This data package was originally published in March 2024. It was updated in October 2025 (v2) to add additional photos and files associated with the manuscript (i.e., processed data, labeled photos, and trained models). For details on how to navigate data packages generated by this project, see https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/portals/PNNLRiverCorridorSFA/About.In addition to a readme, this data package also includes two file-level metadata (FLMD) files that describes each file and two data dictionaries (DD) that describe all column/row headers and variable definitions. This dataset is comprised of (1) file-level metadata; (2) data dictionary; (3) readme; (4) field metadata; and (5) folders containing game camera photos and manuscript-associated files. Each Yakima River Basin site has a folder that contains subfolders for each month photos were collected. There is also a folder for files associated with the manuscript which has subfolders for labeled data, trained models, Yakima River Basin site water surface fractions, and USGS site water surface fractions. All files are .csv, .json, .txt, .yaml, .pth, .pt, or .pdf. We thank the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation Tribal Council and Yakama Nation Fisheries for working with us to facilitate sample collection and optimization of data usage according to their values and worldview.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Plant physiology, shrub size, thaw depth and soil water content, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2023

Stomatal response to changing irradiance measurements (m curves), CO2 response (ACi) and light response (AQ) curves on common tussock tundra shrub, graminoid and forb species. Data were collected in July 2023 from three sites on the Seward Peninsula, Kougarok Mile 64, Teller Mile 27 and Council. Measurements were made with LI-COR LI-6800 gas exchange systems on 18 species. For samples from Teller and Kougarok, thaw depth, soil moisture content and dGPS locations are also provided for most samples. Canopy height and canopy diameter are provided for shrubs measured at the Teller site. The data package files include data files, metadata files and the complete instrument output for all gas exchange measurements in .csv format, and a pdf describing the experimental protocols. See the related data package NGA508 for foliar trait data (leaf mass per area, leaf nitrogen concentration).The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗