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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

DOE OSTI2014

Situational Awareness Geospatial Application (iSAGA)

Situational Awareness Geospatial Application (iSAGA) is a geospatial situational awareness software tool that uses an algorithm to extract location data from nearly any internet-based, or custom data source and display it geospatially; allows user-friendly conduct of spatial analysis using custom-developed tools; searches complex Geographic Information System (GIS) databases and accesses high resolution imagery. iSAGA has application at the federal, state and local levels of emergency response, consequence management, law enforcement, emergency operations and other decision makers as a tool to provide complete, visual, situational awareness using data feeds and tools selected by the individual agency or organization. Feeds may be layered and custom tools developed to uniquely suit each subscribing agency or organization. iSAGA may similarly be applied to international agencies and organizations.

Sher, Benjamin↗

NASA NTRS2002

Real-Time Integrity Monitoring of Stored Geo-Spatial Data Using Forward-Looking Remote Sensing Technology

Terrain Awareness and Warning Systems (TAWS) and Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) provide pilots with displays of stored geo-spatial data (e.g. terrain, obstacles, and/or features). As comprehensive validation is impractical, these databases typically have no quantifiable level of integrity. This lack of a quantifiable integrity level is one of the constraints that has limited certification and operational approval of TAWS/SVS to "advisory-only" systems for civil aviation. Previous work demonstrated the feasibility of using a real-time monitor to bound database integrity by using downward-looking remote sensing technology (i.e. radar altimeters). This paper describes an extension of the integrity monitor concept to include a forward-looking sensor to cover additional classes of terrain database faults and to reduce the exposure time associated with integrity threats. An operational concept is presented that combines established feature extraction techniques with a statistical assessment of similarity measures between the sensed and stored features using principles from classical detection theory. Finally, an implementation is presented that uses existing commercial-off-the-shelf weather radar sensor technology.

Young, Steven D.↗

NASA NTRS2005

Assessment of Atmospheric Winds Aloft during NASA Space Shuttle Program Day-of-Launch Operations

The Natural Environments Branch at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Marshall Space Flight Center monitors the winds aloft at Kennedy Space Center in support of the Space Shuttle Program day of launch operations. High resolution wind profiles are derived from radar tracked Jimsphere balloons, which are launched at predetermined times preceding the launch, for evaluation. The spatial (shear) and temporal (persistence) wind characteristics are assessed against a design wind database to ensure wind change does not violate wind change criteria. Evaluations of wind profies are reported to personnel at Johnson Space Center.

Decker, Ryan K.↗

NASA NTRS2005

Geographic Information Systems and Martian Data: Compatibility and Analysis

Planning future landed Mars missions depends on accurate, informed data. This research has created and used spatially referenced instrument data from NASA missions such as the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on the Mars Odyssey Orbiter and the Mars Orbital Camera (MOC) on the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Orbiter. Creating spatially referenced data enables its use in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) such as ArcGIS. It has then been possible to integrate this spatially referenced data with global base maps and build and populate location based databases that are easy to access.

Jones, Jennifer L.↗

DOE OSTI2025

The HTAP_v3.2 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2020) to support air quality modelling and policies

This study, performed under the umbrella of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF-HTAP), responds to the need of the global and regional atmospheric modelling community of having a mosaic emission inventory of air pollutants that conforms to specific requirements: global coverage, long time series, spatially distributed emissions with high time resolution, and a high sectoral resolution. The mosaic approach of integrating official regional emission inventories based on locally reported data, with a global inventory based on a globally consistent methodology, allows modellers to perform simulations of a high scientific quality while also ensuring that the results remain relevant to policymakers. HTAP_v3.2, an ad-hoc global mosaic of anthropogenic inventories, is an update to the HTAP_v3 global mosaic inventory and has been developed by integrating official inventories over specific areas (North America, Europe, Asia including China, Japan and Korea) with the independent Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory for the remaining world regions. The results are spatially and temporally distributed emissions of SO 2 , NO x , CO, NMVOC, NH 3 , PM 10 , PM 2.5 , Black Carbon (BC), and Organic Carbon (OC), with a spatial resolution of 0.1 × 0.1° and time intervals of months and years covering the period 2000–2020 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17086684, Crippa, 2025, https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_htap_v32, last access: 27 October 2025). The emissions are further disaggregated to 16 anthropogenic emitting sectors. This paper describes the methodology applied to develop such an emission mosaic, reports on source allocation, differences among existing inventories, and best practices for the mosaic compilation. One of the key strengths of the HTAP_v3.2 emission mosaic is its temporal coverage, enabling the analysis of emission trends over the past two decades. The development of a global emission mosaic over such long time series represents a unique product for global air quality modelling and for better-informed policy making, reflecting the community effort expended by the TF-HTAP to disentangle the complexity of transboundary transport of air pollution.

Guizzardi, Diego [European Commission, Ispra (Ital↗

DOE OSTI2015

Cities, traffic, and CO 2 : A multidecadal assessment of trends, drivers, and scaling relationships

Emissions of CO 2 from road vehicles were 1.57 billion metric tons in 2012, accounting for 28% of US fossil fuel CO 2 emissions, but the spatial distributions of these emissions are highly uncertain. We develop a new emissions inventory, the Database of Road Transportation Emissions (DARTE), which estimates CO 2 emitted by US road transport at a resolution of 1 km annually for 1980-2012. DARTE reveals that urban areas are responsible for 80% of on-road emissions growth since 1980 and for 63% of total 2012 emissions. We observe nonlinearities between CO 2 emissions and population density at broad spatial/temporal scales, with total on-road CO 2 increasing nonlinearly with population density, rapidly up to 1,650 persons per square kilometer and slowly thereafter. Per capita emissions decline as density rises, but at markedly varying rates depending on existing densities. Here, we make use of DARTE's bottom-up construction to highlight the biases associated with the common practice of using population as a linear proxy for disaggregating national- or state-scale emissions. Comparing DARTE with existing downscaled inventories, we find biases of 100% or more in the spatial distribution of urban and rural emissions, largely driven by mismatches between inventory downscaling proxies and the actual spatial patterns of vehicle activity at urban scales. Here, given cities' dual importance as sources of CO 2 and an emerging nexus of climate mitigation initiatives, high-resolution estimates such as DARTE are critical both for accurately quantifying surface carbon fluxes and for verifying the effectiveness of emissions mitigation efforts at urban scales.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

Coordination environment of Si in calcium silicate hydrates, silicate minerals, and blast furnace slags: A XANES database

Understanding the silicate polymerization of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and its crystalline polymorphs is important in cement science. NMR can determine Si environments, but the measurement can be time-consuming and provides no spatial information. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is a fast tool for probing Si coordination, possibly with spatial information. However, there lacks an understanding of Si K-edge XANES spectra of cement-related silicate phases. Here, a Si K-edge XANES spectral database of nanocrystalline C-S-H, C-S-H minerals, blast-furnace slags, and metakaolin is provided. Si K-edge of C-S-H minerals shifts to higher energies with higher polymerized Si and lower CaSi connectivity in the Si second nearest neighbor shell. Si K-edge energy shows weak correlations with Ca/Si ratio, average SiO bond length, and SiO{sub 4} distortion due to the structural complexity of silicates. The substitution of Al for Si shifts the Si K-edge of tobermorite and slags to higher energies.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2025

Projected Urban Morphology of the Los Angeles Area by the Year 2100

This dataset provides projections of urban building morphologies for the Los Angeles urban area at 30-meter spatial resolution. It contains 192 raster files that detail two primary building attributes: building footprint fractions (ranging from 0 to 1) and average building heights (ranging from 0 to 75 meters). The projections account for a wide range of future pathways, covering two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP3 and SSP5), two population scenarios, two developed land intensification scenarios, and four distinct levels of intensification. The dataset was created using dual Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) trained on 2015 land cover and building properties from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) and Model America datasets. Supporting information on the dataset has been described in the LAUrbanAreaMorphologyProjections2100_README.txt file.

Pandey, Bhartendu↗

DOE OSTI2023

Pacific Coast High-Frequency Radar 2 km

High frequency (HF) radar systems measure the speed and direction of ocean surface currents in near real time provided by Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). The HFR data along the Pacific Coast are at a spatial resolution of 2 km. These data are collected as part of an observational database developed to support the floating offshore wind energy research within the ORACLE project funded by DOE WETO.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2023

Pacific Coast High Frequency Radar 6 km

High frequency (HF) radar systems measure the speed and direction of ocean surface currents in near real time provided by Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). The HFR data along the Pacific Coast are at a spatial resolution of 6 km. These data are collected as part of an observational database developed to support the floating offshore wind energy research within the ORACLE project funded by DOE WETO.

17 WIND ENERGY↗

DOE OSTI2020

A high-resolution database of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004 – 2017

The database provides high-resolution (4-km, hourly) information of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and isolated deep convection events (IDC) east of the Rocky Mountains over the contiguous United States from 2004 – 2017. The database contains various characteristics of MCSs and IDC, such as their lifecycle evolutions, lifetimes, spatial coverages, echo-top heights, precipitation features, convective and stratiform separation, convective core features, propagation speed, etc.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

A high-resolution database of mesoscale convective systems and isolated deep convection in the United States for 2004 – 2017

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1992

Acoustic fill factors for a 120 inch diameter fairing

Data from the acoustic test of a 120-inch diameter payload fairing were collected and an analysis of acoustic fill factors were performed. Correction factors for obtaining a weighted spatial average of the interior sound pressure level (SPL) were derived based on this database and a normalized 200-inch diameter fairing database. The weighted fill factors were determined and compared with statistical energy analysis (VAPEPS code) derived fill factors. The comparison is found to be reasonable.

Lee, Y. Albert↗

NASA NTRS2003

Using X-band Weather Radar Measurements to Monitor the Integrity of Digital Elevation Models for Synthetic Vision Systems

Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) provide pilots with displays of stored geo-spatial data representing terrain, obstacles, and cultural features. As comprehensive validation is impractical, these databases typically have no quantifiable level of integrity. Further, updates to the databases may not be provided as changes occur. These issues limit the certification level and constrain the operational context of SVS for civil aviation. Previous work demonstrated the feasibility of using a realtime monitor to bound the integrity of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) by using radar altimeter measurements during flight. This paper describes an extension of this concept to include X-band Weather Radar (WxR) measurements. This enables the monitor to detect additional classes of DEM errors and to reduce the exposure time associated with integrity threats. Feature extraction techniques are used along with a statistical assessment of similarity measures between the sensed and stored features that are detected. Recent flight-testing in the area around the Juneau, Alaska Airport (JNU) has resulted in a comprehensive set of sensor data that is being used to assess the feasibility of the proposed monitor technology. Initial results of this assessment are presented.

Young, Steve↗

NASA NTRS2011

The Updated IAU MDC Catalogue of Photographic Meteor Orbits

The database of photographic meteor orbits of the IAU Meteor Data Center at the Astronomical Institute SAS has gradually been updated. To the 2003 version of 4581 photographic orbits compiled from 17 different stations and obtained in the period 1936-1996, additional new 211 orbits compiled from 7 sources have been added. Thus, the updated version of the catalogue contains 4792 photographic orbits (equinox J2000.0) available either in two separate orbital and geophysical data files or a file with the merged data. All the updated files with relevant documentation are available at the web of the IAU Meteor Data Center. Keywords astronomical databases photographic meteor orbits 1 Introduction Meteoroid orbits are a basic tool for investigation of distribution and spatial structure of the meteoroid population in the close surroundings of the Earth s orbit. However, information about them is usually widely scattered in literature and often in publications with limited circulation. Therefore, the IAU Comm. 22 during the 1976 IAU General Assembly proposed to establish a meteor data center for collection of meteor orbits recorded by photographic and radio techniques. The decision was confirmed by the next IAU GA in 1982 and the data center was established (Lindblad, 1987). The purpose of the data center was to acquire, format, check and disseminate information on precise meteoroid orbits obtained by multi-station techniques and the database gradually extended as documented in previous reports on the activity of the Meteor Data Center by Lindblad (1987, 1995, 1999 and 2001) or Lindblad and Steel (1993). Up to present, the database consists of 4581 photographic meteor orbits (Lindblad et al., 2005), 63.330 radar determined orbit: Harvard Meteor Project (1961-1965, 1968-1969), Adelaide (1960-1961, 1968-1969), Kharkov (1975), Obninsk (1967-1968), Mogadish (1969-1970) and 1425 video-recordings (Lindblad, 1999) to which additional 817 video meteors orbits published by Koten el al. (2003) were

Porubcan, V.↗

DOE OSTI2016

Maintenance of Maywood Laboratory Operations Support During Contractor Transition and Replacement of the Project Databases - 16329

In December 2013, Cabrera Services (Cabrera) executed transition of the FUSRAP Maywood Superfund Site remediation project operations, including an on-site accredited environmental lab, from a large business that had established technology infrastructure in place for over a decade which required updating to support the expected remediation scope and client needs. As of November 2015, Cabrera has shipped over 116,000 yd{sup 3} of contaminated soil to disposal facilities. During the transition, the USACE FUSRAP Maywood Laboratory (UFML) continued to support project operations, providing the expected timely and reliable results and maintaining their New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection certification for all parameters of concern, while having to cope with new challenges and additional tasks having the potential to disrupt the laboratory's ability to support project operations. This case study examines the challenges with maintaining a certified radiochemistry laboratory and an aggressive remediation schedule during a period of prime contractor transition which included a complete IT infrastructure overhaul, and conversion of the existing Microsoft Access laboratory database and project Electronic Data Management System (EDMS) to a customized commercial solution. Challenges: I. Procurement of a new database subcontractor and working closely with them to achieve the following: a. Migration of all environmental (including radiological, chemical, and quality control), health and safety, and spatial data as well as reports, queries, and analytical instrument software processes from a MS Access data management system to a SQL server system; and b. Verification that the functionality and data integrity of the databases remained intact. II. The onsite laboratory was changed over to a new onsite network and the following tasks were completed with little or no interruption to site operations by January 10, 2014: i. Installation of new instrument personal computers (PCs) and making them fully operational; ii. Configuration of the lab domain and server to host the LIMS (replaced all servers/domain/workstations with Windows 7 and Server 2012 machines). iii. Networking of the laboratory building into the rest of the project site via fiber optic cabling across the site. iv. Upgrade of the wide area network (WAN) data connection to high-speed Fiber Optic service; v. Upgrade of the telephones into voice over internet protocol (VOIP) phones. vi. Splitting of the database into front ends and a centralized back-end hosted on the new server to allow simultaneous access for fixes and improvements. III. Phone service interruption; phone systems were operational by January 10, 2014. Additional Tasks: I. Revision of the USACE FUSRAP Maywood Laboratory (UFML) Quality Systems Manual Rev. 1 Submitted 01/16/14; II. Writing of the Uniform Federal Policy Quality Assurance Project Plan Rev. 1 (UFP-QAPP) submitted 1/21/14. This document replaced the prior project data quality plan, the Chemical Data Quality Management Plan. III. Support of USACE communications to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) on lab management and personnel transition to Cabrera. This work was important since it ensured a smooth transition and shows how critical project records infrastructure such as databases, can be upgraded with minimal interruption of project support. Such work may provide benefit to other similar projects, especially long term projects where database infrastructure upgrades may be beneficial in terms of improved efficiencies in data recording and transfer, and improved security in data storage. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2024

A North Atlantic synthetic tropical cyclone track, intensity, and rainfall dataset

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) cause significant socio-economic damages to the US and Caribbean coastal regions annually, making it important to understand TC risk at the local-to-regional scales. However, the short length of the observed record and the substantial computational expense associated with high-resolution climate models make it difficult to assess TC risk using either approach. To overcome these challenges, we developed a database of synthetic TCs using the Risk Analysis Framework for Tropical Cyclones (RAFT). The database includes 40,000 synthetic TC tracks, along-track intensities and storm-induced precipitation. TC tracks generated in RAFT are in reasonable agreement with the observed spatial distribution of TC tracks and basin-scale TC statistics. Specifically, along the coast, spatial variations in TC crossing probability and extreme winds upon landfall are well-reproduced by RAFT with R-squared values of 0.81 and 0.73, respectively. In summary, the synthetic TC database constructed with RAFT provides a reasonable pathway for the robust assessment of North Atlantic TC wind and rainfall risks.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

The National Climate Data Base (NCDB): A Bias-Corrected High-Resolution Climate Dataset

Assessing renewable energy resources under future climate scenarios has been highlighted in recent years to analyze and understand potential impacts of future change in renewable generation on the power sector. Solar energy is well-known as the most plentiful among various renewable resources and usually converted to electricity using photovoltaics (PV) technologies, and the global deployment of PV technology has increased rapidly in recent decades. In this study, we develop a statistical technique to downscale the future projection of solar irradiance for PV energy-related applications. A set of Regional Climate Model (RCM)-based projections obtained from the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) are used as inputs to statistical methods to generate high-resolution global horizontal irradiance (GHI) over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The main steps of the statistical downscaling method include (1) regridding RCM output (0.22 degree and daily resolutions) to handle the modeled-observed data sets on a common grid, (2) correcting bias of RCM GHI using satellite-derived observation, and (3) implementing temporal and spatial downscaling to generate GHI at 8-km and hourly resolution. Basically, complex physical processes and interactions between solar radiation and various atmospheric constituents lead solar irradiance to be highly variable and uncertain. Underrepresentation of clouds from the RCM parameterizations is the main source of error and uncertainty in modeling solar irradiance. Thus, we adapt and use the high-quality satellite-derived data from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) to analyze the bias and error of RCM GHI as well as estimate the statistical parameters for spatial and temporal downscaling. This presentation will summarize the comprehensive analysis conducted to produce and assess the results under two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We will also present a detailed validation demonstrating the strengths of the proposed downscaling method and future extension of this research.

climate data↗