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NASA NTRS1980

Report on the Summer MONEX Field Phase

The Summer Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) which was conducted over the Indian Ocean and adjacent land areas from May to August 1979, and overlapped with the second Special Observing Period of the Global Weather Experiment (FGGE). Attention is given to the scientific goals of Summer MONEX which cover (1) planetary scale aspects, (2) synoptic scale aspects, (3) interactions with atmospheric circulation in the Pacific, Southern Hemisphere, Northern midlatitudes, and stratosphere, and (4) numerical simulation and prediction. The observing system and field operations designed to attain these goals are discussed in detail. In conclusion, it is noted that the combined MONEX and FGGE observations should provide an unprecedented data set for a basic study of the monsoon phenomena.

Fein, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

The 1981 Summer Research Fellowship Program

The NASA-Hampton Institute Summer Research Fellowship Program, offering capable scientists and engineers at traditionally black institutions an opportunity to participate in research activities in an environment at the Langley Research Center where basic research is of primary importance is considered. The Summer Research Fellowship Program, specifically designed to assist these faculty members in identifying areas of research which correlate positively with their individual interest and capabilities is discussed. It is also designed to help them to initiate viable research which increases their technical knowledge about how research efforts at their institutions might be increased.

Spencer, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Global and local fluctuations of winter and summer simulations with the GLAS climate model

Winter and summer simulations were carried out with an improved version of the GLAS general circulation model. An improved method of computing the boundary layer fluxes, and a more realistic specification of the albedo of snow and ice covered surfaces were used. Each particular diagnostic quantity was computed from the model data and each of the 15 years of observations in precisely the same way, wherever possible. The reported observational results are averaged over the 15 winters or summers, as appropriate.

Straus, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Stratospheric variability in summer

Rocketsonde observations and infrasound results are used to investigate the variability of the summer stratopause region during one month in summer. Fluctuations of 2-3 days and about 16-day periods are evident, and they appear to be propagating vertically. In this month the 2-3 day oscillations have an amplitude envelope equal in period to the longer period oscillations, implying a connection between the two phenomena. Observations of the diurnal tide and shorter period variability during the month are also presented.

Rind, D.↗
NASA NTRS1982

The 1982 NASA/ASEE summer faculty fellowship research program

Aht NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Research Program conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center by the University of Alabama at Huntsville, Ala. during the summer of 1982 is described. Abstracts of the Final Reports submitted by the Fellows detailing the results of their research are also presented.

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NASA NTRS1984

Summer faculty fellowship program, 1984

Since 1964, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has supported a program of summer faculty fellowships for engineering and science educators. In a series of collaborations between NASA research and development centers and nearby universities, engineering faculty members spend 10 or 11 weeks working with professional peers on research. The Summer Faculty Program Committee of the American Society of Engineering Education supervises the programs. Objectives: (1) to further the professional knowledge of a qualified between participants and NASA; (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants institutions; and (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. Program Description: College or university faculty members will be appointed as research fellows to spend 10 weeks in cooperative research and study at the NASA-Langley Research Center. The fellow will devote approximately 90 percent of the time to a research problem and the remaining time to a study program. The study program will consist of lectures and seminars on topics of general interest or that are directly relevant to the fellow's research project. The lecturers and seminar leaders will be distinguished scientists and engineers from NASA, education, or industry.

Spencer, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Research Reports: 1984 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

A NASA/ASEE Summer Faulty Fellowship Program was conducted at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). The basic objectives of the programs are: (1) to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2) to stimulate an exchange of ideas between participants and NASA; (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of the participants' institutions; and (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA Centers. The Faculty Fellows spent ten weeks at MSFC engaged in a research project compatible with their interests and background and worked in collaboration with a NASA/MSFC colleague. This document is a compilation of Fellows' reports on their research during the summer of 1984. Topics covered include: (1) data base management; (2) computational fluid dynamics; (3) space debris; (4) X-ray gratings; (5) atomic oxygen exposure; (6) protective coatings for SSME; (7) cryogenics; (8) thermal analysis measurements; (9) solar wind modelling; and (10) binary systems.

Freeman, L. M.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program (SHARP) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

A total of 125 talented high school students had the opportunity to gain first hand experience about science and engineering careers by working directly with a NASA scientist or engineer during the summer. This marked the fifth year of operation for NASA's Summer High School Apprenticehsip Research Program (SHARP). Ferguson Bryan served as the SHARP contractor and worked closely with NASA staff at Headquarters and the eight participating sites to plan, implement, and evaluate the Program. The main objectives were to strengthen SHARP and expand the number of students in the Program. These eight sites participated in the Program: Ames Research Center North, Ames' Dryden Flight Research Facility, Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard's Wallops Flight Facility, Kennedy Space Center, Langley Research Center, Lewis Research Center, and Marshall Space Flight Center.

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NASA NTRS1985

Baroclinic instability of easterly jets with applications to the summer mesosphere

A two-dimensional numerical analysis of baroclinic instability waves in zonally and seasonally averaged wind fields in the summer mesosphere is presented. The analysis is based on the linearized quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity equation of Simmons and Moskins (1973). Solutions are obtained for the wave structure, wave growth rates, and wave periods on the basis of idealized and realistic data, and the results are compared with one-dimensional analyses. It is shown that the wavenumbers of peak growth with periods of 1.4-3 days were consistently lower for the two-dimensional analysis than for previous one-dimensional analyses. The possibility of detecting baroclinic instability in summer winds at 80-100 km by means of nadir-sounding satellite observations is discussed.

Pfister, L.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Summer Arctic sea ice character from satellite microwave data

It is pointed out that Arctic sea ice and its environment undergo a number of changes during the summer period. Some of these changes affect the ice cover properties and, in turn, their response to thermal and mechanical forcing throughout the year. The main objective of this investigation is related to the development of a method for estimating the areal coverage of exposed ice, melt ponds, and leads, which are the basic surface variables determining the local surface albedo. The study is based on data obtained in a field investigation conducted from Mould Bay (NWT), Nimbus 5 satellite data, and Seasat data. The investigation demonstrates that microwave data from satellites, especially microwave brightness temperature, provide good data for estimating important characteristics of summer sea ice cover.

Carsey, F. D.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Active microwave measurements of Arctic sea ice under summer conditions

Radar provides a valuable tool in the study of sea-ice conditions and the solution of sea-ice operational problems. For this reason, the U.S. and Canada have conducted studies to define a bilateral synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite program. The present paper is concerned with work which has been performed to explore the needs associated with the study of sea-ice-covered waters. The design of a suitable research or operational spaceborne SAR or real aperture radar must be based on an adequate knowledge of the backscatter coefficients of the ice features which are of interest. In order to obtain the needed information, studies involving the use of a helicopter were conducted. In these studies L-C-X-Ku-band calibrated radar data were acquired over areas of Arctic first-year and multiyear ice during the first half of the summer of 1982. The results show that the microwave response in the case of sea ice is greatly influenced by summer melt, which produces significant changes in the properties of the snowpack and ice sheet.

Onstott, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

NASA/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, 1985

Since 1964, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has supported a program of summer faculty fellowships for engineering and science educators. In a series of collaborations between NASA research and development centers and nearby universities, engineering faculty members spend 10 weeks working with professional peers on research. The Summer Faculty Program Committee of the American Society for Engineering Education supervises the programs. The objectives of this program are: (1) to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2) to simulate and exchange ideas between participants and NASA; (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants institutions; and (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. College or university faculty members will be appointed as research fellows to spend 10 weeks in cooperative research and study at the NASA Langley Research Center. The fellows will devote approximately 90 percent of the time to a research problem and the remaining time to a study program. The study program will consist of lectures and seminars on topics of general interest or that are directly relevant to the fellows' research project. The lecturers and seminar leaders will be distinguished scientists and engineers from NASA, the educational community, or industry.

Goglia, G.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The 1985 National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program (SHARP)

In 1985, a total of 126 talented high school students gained first hand knowledge about science and engineering careers by working directly with a NASA scientist or engineer during the summer. This marked the sixth year of operation for NASA's Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program (SHARP). The major priority of maintaining the high standards and success of prior years was satisfied. The following eight sites participated in the Program: Ames Research Center, Ames' Dryden Flight Research Facility, Goddard Space Flight Center, Goddard's Wallop Flight Facility, Kennedy Space Center, Langley Research Center, Lewis Research Center, and Marshall Space Flight Center. Tresp Associates served as the SHARP contractor and worked closely with NASA staff at headquarters and the sites just mentioned to plan, implement, and evaluate the program.

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NASA NTRS1986

NASA/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program, 1985

The 1985 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Research Program was conducted by Texas A&M University and the Johnson Space Center. The ten week program was operated under the auspices of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE). The faculty fellows spent the time at JSC engaged in research projects commensurate with their interests and background and worked in collaboration with NASA/JSC colleagues. This document is a compilation of the final reports of their research during the summer of 1985.

Chilton, R. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Hampton University/American Society for Engineering Education/NASA Summer Faculty Fellowship Program 1986

Since 1964, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has supported a program of summer faculty fellowships for engineering and science educators. In a series of collaborations between NASA research and development centers and nearby universities, engineering faculty members spend 10 or 11 weeks working with professional peers on research. The Summer Faculty Program Committee of the American Society of Engineering Education supervises the programs. Objectives: (1) To further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2) to stimulate and exchange ideas between participants and NASA; (3) To enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants' institutions; (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. Program Description: College or university will be faculty members appointed as Research Fellows to spend 10 weeks in cooperative research and study at the NASA-Langley Research Center. The Fellow will devote approximately 90 percent of the time to a research problem and the remaining time to a study program. The study program will consist of lectures and seminars on topics of general interest or that are directly relevant to the Fellows' research project. The lecturers and seminar leaders will be distinguished scientists and engineers from NASA, education or industry.

Spencer, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Research Reports: 1986 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

For the 22th consecutive year, a NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program was conducted for the summer of 1986 by the University of Alabama and Marshall Space Flight Center. The basic objectives of the program are: (1)to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2)to stimulate an exchange of ideas between participants and NASA; (3)to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of the participants' institution; and (4)to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. The Faculty Fellows spent ten weeks at MSFC engaged in a research project compatible with their interest and background and worked in collaboration with a NASA/MSFC colleague. This is a compilation of Fellows' reports on their research.

Freeman, L. Michael↗
NASA NTRS1987

NASA/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program 1987

Since 1964, NASA has supported a program of summer faculty fellowships for engineering and science educators. In a series of collaborations between NASA research and development centers and nearby universities, engineering faculty members spend 10 or 11 weeks working with professional peers on research. The Summer Faculty Program Committee of the American Society for Engineering Education supervises the programs. Objectives: (1) to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty members; (2) to stimulate and exchange ideas between participants and NASA; (3) to enrich and refresh the research and teaching activities of participants' institutions; (4) to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. Program Description: College or university faculty members were appointed as Research Fellows to spend 10 weeks in cooperative research and study at the NASA Langley Research Center. The Fellow devoted approximately 90 percent of the time to a research problem and the remaining time to a study program. The study program consisted of lectures and seminars on topics of interest or that are directly relevant to the Fellows' research topic.

Tiwari, Surendra N.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during the northern summer as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation

The intraseasonal variability (ISV) of tropical convection during the northern summer and its connection with the monsoon over India and east Asia is studied from a planetary-scale perspective. A 40-50 day oscillation consisting primarily of an east-west oriented dipole with centers located over the Indian Ocean/Subcontinent and the western Pacific is shown to be an important component of the ISV of tropical convection during summer. Over these regions, the oscillation undergoes complex structural changes which are manifested in simultaneous cloudiness propagation eastward along the equator from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, northward from the Indian Ocean into the Subcontinent, and northwestward from the equatorial western Pacific to the South China Sea. The oscillation is also found to be phase-locked to the monsoon onset of India, the Mei-yu regime over South China, and, in general, the seasonal variation of convection over the equatorial Indian-West Pacific Ocean.

Lau, K.-M.↗