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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 199 records · Page 11
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Angle-Measurement and Ranging System

Optical system automatically supplies information on angular position and range of object. Stereo rangefinder video signals from cameras processed to determine center of brightness for images of beacon on target vehicle. Range updated by onboard computer. Originally developed for spacecraft rendezvous and guidance, features of system adapted to angle-measurement and ranging problems on Earth. Technique also used for tool alinement inspections and color recognition.

Tietz, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

High Velocity Gas Gun

A video tape related to orbital debris research is presented. The video tape covers the process of loading a High Velocity Gas Gun and firing it into a mounted metal plate. The process is then repeated in slow motion.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2006

Space Shuttle Program Update News Conference with Wayne Hale

Jessica Rye from NASA Public Affairs introduces: Wayne Hale, Space Shuttle Deputy Program Manager; Mike Leinbach, NASA Launch Director; and Tim Wilson, from the NASA Engineering and Safety Center. Hale begins the discussion with a video showing the following processes: 1) Changing of gap fillers at Orbiter Processing Facility; 2) The Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) being loaded into Discovery payload bay; 3) Engine installation; 4) Spacecrew at Michoud Assembly observing the area where the PAL ramps were removed; 5) Test being performed to mitigate liquid air forming underneath foam; and 6) Roll out of ET119 from New Orleans. Hale also presents a slide of the ET debris Mitigation Activities and ET Ice/Frost Ramps. Mike Leinbach says that Kennedy Space Center is ready to receive the tank and that he is ready to get on with the mission. Tim Wilson heads the team to resolve foam loss issues which is his primary goal before this flight. A question and answer period follows.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2012

Composite Wavelet Filters for Enhanced Automated Target Recognition

Automated Target Recognition (ATR) systems aim to automate target detection, recognition, and tracking. The current project applies a JPL ATR system to low-resolution sonar and camera videos taken from unmanned vehicles. These sonar images are inherently noisy and difficult to interpret, and pictures taken underwater are unreliable due to murkiness and inconsistent lighting. The ATR system breaks target recognition into three stages: 1) Videos of both sonar and camera footage are broken into frames and preprocessed to enhance images and detect Regions of Interest (ROIs). 2) Features are extracted from these ROIs in preparation for classification. 3) ROIs are classified as true or false positives using a standard Neural Network based on the extracted features. Several preprocessing, feature extraction, and training methods are tested and discussed in this paper.

automated target recognition↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Spectral Analysis of Integrated Pressures on Patches with Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurements

This paper describes the spectral analysis of integrated pressures on patches of the scale model of the Space Launch System (SLS) Block 1B crew vehicle with the Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint (uPSP) measurements, which were collected in the ascent transient aerodynamics tests with the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel 11-by-11-foot Transonic Wind Tunnel in September 2019 at NASA Ames Research Center. Recent research has demonstrated that uPSP can be an essential tool for the assessment of the unsteady, aerodynamic phenomena. The work described in this paper is a part of NASA’s development of a new state-of-the-art uPSP capability in production wind tunnels. In this paper, 108 patches are defined with x station values and azimuth angles of the scale model. For each patch, the polygons are determined from the surface cells of the grid of the model, clipped with the edges of the patch, and each of the polygons is divided into triangles. The inputs of the pressure integration algorithm are the time series of pressure coefficients on the vertices of the grid of the model, generated by the uPSP data processing program from the videos taken with 4 Phantom high-speed cameras during the wind tunnel tests. The integrated pressure of the patch is determined as the ratio of the sum of the forces on the triangles over the sum of the areas of the triangles. For each of the test cases, the Cross Power Spectral Density (CPSD) and Magnitude-Squared Coherence (msCohere) are computed for frequencies over 1/3 octave bands from the time series of the integrated pressures on the patches. The spectral analysis outputs of different cases of the wind tunnel tests are analyzed and the coherence of patches is investigated over frequencies, x station values, azimuth angles, Mach numbers and SLS vehicle attitudes. The pressure integration and spectral analysis described in this paper were executed on the NASA Pleiades supercomputer. Funding for this research was provided by the NASA Aeroscience Evaluation and Test Capabilities (AETC) Project.

Pressure-Sensitive Paint↗
NASA NTRS1989

Engineering visualization utilizing advanced animation

Engineering visualization is the use of computer graphics to depict engineering analysis and simulation in visual form from project planning through documentation. Graphics displays let engineers see data represented dynamically which permits the quick evaluation of results. The current state of graphics hardware and software generally allows the creation of two types of 3D graphics. The use of animated video as an engineering visualization tool is presented. The engineering, animation, and videography aspects of animated video production are each discussed. Specific issues include the integration of staffing expertise, hardware, software, and the various production processes. A detailed explanation of the animation process reveals the capabilities of this unique engineering visualization method. Automation of animation and video production processes are covered and future directions are proposed.

Sabionski, Gunter R.↗
NASA NTRS2010

Wide-Field-of-View, High-Resolution, Stereoscopic Imager

A device combines video feeds from multiple cameras to provide wide-field-of-view, high-resolution, stereoscopic video to the user. The prototype under development consists of two camera assemblies, one for each eye. One of these assemblies incorporates a mounting structure with multiple cameras attached at offset angles. The video signals from the cameras are fed to a central processing platform where each frame is color processed and mapped into a single contiguous wide-field-of-view image. Because the resolution of most display devices is typically smaller than the processed map, a cropped portion of the video feed is output to the display device. The positioning of the cropped window will likely be controlled through the use of a head tracking device, allowing the user to turn his or her head side-to-side or up and down to view different portions of the captured image. There are multiple options for the display of the stereoscopic image. The use of head mounted displays is one likely implementation. However, the use of 3D projection technologies is another potential technology under consideration, The technology can be adapted in a multitude of ways. The computing platform is scalable, such that the number, resolution, and sensitivity of the cameras can be leveraged to improve image resolution and field of view. Miniaturization efforts can be pursued to shrink the package down for better mobility. Power savings studies can be performed to enable unattended, remote sensing packages. Image compression and transmission technologies can be incorporated to enable an improved telepresence experience.

Prechtl, Eric F.↗
NASA NTRS2005

STS-114: Discovery Tanking Operations for Launch

Jessica Rye from NASA Public Affairs is the narrator for the tanking operations for the launch of the Space Shuttle Discovery. She presents a video of the arrival and processing of the new external tank at the Kennedy Space Center. The external tank is also shown entering the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The external tank underwent new processing resulting from its redesign including inspection of the bipod heater and the external separation camera. The changes to the external tank include: 1) Electric heaters to protect from icing; and 2) Liquid Oxygen feed line bellows to carry fuel from the external tank to the Orbiter. Footage of the external tank processing facility at NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, La. prior to its arrival at Kennedy Space Center is shown and a video of the three key modifications to the external tank including the bipod, flange and bellows are shown.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1992

Analysis of lightning flash videos from the Space Shuttle using blob and morphological techniques

Flash rates measured from the Space Shuttle range from 27.8 flashes per minute to 77 flashes per minute. The cloud is an optically thick medium which effectively scatters the energy from a lightning discharge and thereby broadens the risetime and duration of each lightning pulse. Because of the small size, spacecraft sensors with resolutions of 1 km or more are unlikely to detect the individual lightning channels. Instead, the energy from the lightning channel is scattered within the cloud, thereby broadening the apparent area. All of these measurements of lightning flash area and flash rate have involved manual manipulation and analysis of the video or film data. Only a small percentage of the Space Shuttle lightning video has been analyzed. An attempt is made to combine the use of real-time digital disk system and an automated analysis routine in order to overcome this limitation and make processing of a sequence of video frames a much less labor-intensive task.

Pitts, David E.↗
NASA NTRS2003

SUBSA and PFMI Transparent Furnace Systems Currently in use in the International Space Station Microgravity Science Glovebox

The Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules (SUBSA) and Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation (PFMI) furnaces were developed for operation in the International Space Station (ISS) Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG). Both furnaces were launched to the ISS on STS-111, June 4, 2002, and are currently in use on orbit. The SUBSA furnace provides a maximum temperature of 850 C and can accommodate a metal sample as large as 30 cm long and 12mm in diameter. SUBSA utilizes a gradient freeze process with a minimum cooldown rate of 0.5C per min, and a stability of +/- 0.15C. An 8 cm long transparent gradient zone coupled with a Cohu 3812 camera and quartz ampoule allows for observation and video recording of the solidification process. PFMI is a Bridgman type furnace that operates at a maximum temperature of 130C and can accommodate a sample 23cm long and 10mm in diameter. Two Cohu 3812 cameras mounted 90 deg apart move on a separate translation system which allows for viewing of the sample in the transparent hot zone and gradient zone independent of the furnace translation rate and direction. Translation rates for both the cameras and furnace can be specified from 0.5micrometers/sec to 100 micrometers/sec with a stability of +/-5%. The two furnaces share a Process Control Module (PCM) which controls the furnace hardware, a Data Acquisition Pad (DaqPad) which provides signal condition of thermal couple data, and two Cohu 3812 cameras. The hardware and software allow for real time monitoring and commanding of critical process control parameters. This paper will provide a detailed explanation of the SUBSA and PFMI systems along with performance data and some preliminary results from completed on-orbit processing runs.

Spivey, Reggie A.↗
NASA NTRS2018

Stereo Imaging Miniature Endoscope with Single Imaging Chip and Conjugated Multi-Bandpass Filters

A dual objective endoscope for insertion into a cavity of a body for providing a stereoscopic image of a region of interest inside of the body including an imaging device at the distal end for obtaining optical images of the region of interest (ROI), and processing the optical images for forming video signals for wired and/or wireless transmission and display of 3D images on a rendering device. The imaging device includes a focal plane detector array (FPA) for obtaining the optical images of the ROI, and processing circuits behind the FPA. The processing circuits convert the optical images into the video signals. The imaging device includes right and left pupil for receiving a right and left images through a right and left conjugated multi-band pass filters. Illuminators illuminate the ROI through a multi-band pass filter having three right and three left pass bands that are matched to the right and left conjugated multi-band pass filters. A full color image is collected after three or six sequential illuminations with the red, green and blue lights.

Shahinian, Hrayr Karnig↗
NASA NTRS1990

Temperature and melt solid interface control during crystal growth

Findings on the adaptive control of a transparent Bridgman crystal growth furnace are summarized. The task of the process controller is to establish a user specified axial temperature profile by controlling the temperatures in eight heating zones. The furnace controller is built around a computer. Adaptive PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) and Pole Placement control algorithms are applied. The need for adaptive controller stems from the fact that the zone dynamics changes with respect to time. The controller was tested extensively on the Lead Bromide crystal growth. Several different temperature profiles and ampoule's translational rates are tried. The feasibility of solid liquid interface quantification by image processing was determined. The interface is observed by a color video camera and the image data file is processed to determine if the interface is flat, convex or concave.

Batur, Celal↗
NASA NTRS1993

Robot-Control Station Would Adapt To Operator

Proposed control station for remote robot adapts control system to personal characteristics and preferences of operator. Automatically adjusts positions and angles of video cameras and monitors, adjusts characteristics of hand controller, process images, and provides graphical displays serving operator best. System of one or more video cameras, controlled by computer, views workspace of robot, as shown in article, "Movable Cameras and Monitors For Viewing Telemanipulator" (NPO-17837). Control station includes several video monitors, hand controller, image-processing system providing graphical displays, voice-input command system, keyboards, and mouse.

Diner, Daniel B.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Downlink Data Multiplexer

A multiplexer/demultiplexer system has been developed to enable the transmission, over a single channel, of four data streams generated by a variety of sources at different (including variable) bit rates. In the original intended application, replicas of this multiplexer/demultiplexer system would be incorporated into the spacecraft-to-ground communication systems of the space shuttles. The multiplexer of each system would be installed in the spacecraft, where it would acquire and process data from such sources as commercial digital camcorders, video tape recorders, and the spacecraft telemetry system. The demultiplexer of each system would be installed in a ground station. Purely terrestrial systems of similar design could be attractive for use in situations in which there are requirements to transmit multiple streams of high-quality video data and possibly other data over single channels. The figure is a block diagram of the multiplexer as configured to process data received via three fiber-optic channels like those of the International Space Station and one electrical-cable channel that conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 1394 standard. (This standard consists of specifications of a high-speed serial data interface, the physical layer of which includes a cable known in the art as "FireWire." An IEEE 1394 interface can also transfer power between the components to which it is connected.) The fiber-optic channels carry packet and/or bit-stream signals that conform to the standards of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The IEEE 1394 interface accepts an isochronous signal like that from a digital camcorder or a video tape recorder. The processing of the four input data streams to combine them into one output stream is governed by a statistical multiplexing algorithm that features a flow-control capability and makes it possible to utilize the transmission channel with nearly 100-percent efficiency. This algorithm allocates the available bandwidth of the transmission channel to the data streams according to a combination of data rates and preassigned priorities. Incoming data streams that demand too much bandwidth are blocked. Bandwidth not needed for a transmission of a given data stream is allocated to other streams as available. Priority is given to the IEEE 1394 stream. In addition to the four incoming data streams, the multiplexer transmits data on the status of the system. An operator can monitor and control the multiplexer via displays and controls on the multiplexer housing. The output of the multiplexer is connected via a coaxial cable with an impedance of 50 Ohms to an interface circuit compatible with the space-shuttle high-speed digital downlink, which operates at a rate of 48 Mb/s.

Holland, Douglas↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Visualizing UPSP Data with Python

The Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint (uPSP) projects uses Pressure-Sensitive paint applied over aerospace models during wind tunnel testing to collect pressure data with high spatial and temporal resolution in order to inform unsteady aerodynamics studies. For each of the 800+ experimental runs, four cameras generate up to 50 GB of video data, which must then be processed, analyzed, and visualized on the NASA Advanced Supercomputing system (NAS) to assess the result. One of the final data analysis products is the dynamic modal decomposition (DMD) results, which decomposes the pressure reading signals by their frequency component. The goal of this project is to visualize the DMD results over a 3D rendering of the model, using efficient and parallelized python routines. The software uses the pytecplot library, a high-level API that connects python scripting to a Tecplot 360 engine. Tecplot is an industry standard high-performance visualization tool that can handle large datasets and workflow. Various animation, rendering, and image-combination techniques were investigated to generate the final videos using OpenCV on the NAS. The final result is a software tool that takes in data products from the uPSP processing chain and generates high resolution visualization videos in parallel for every data file, allowing researchers to view their results efficiently and at an unprecedentedly detailed level.

Emma Dolores McMillian↗
NASA NTRS1973

Video-to-film color-image recorder.

A precision video-to-film recorder for use in image data processing systems, being developed for NASA, will convert three video input signals (red, blue, green) into a single full-color light beam for image recording on color film. Argon ion and krypton lasers are used to produce three spectral lines which are independently modulated by the appropriate video signals, combined into a single full-color light beam, and swept over the recording film in a raster format for image recording. A rotating multi-faceted spinner mounted on a translating carriage generates the raster, and an annotation head is used to record up to 512 alphanumeric characters in a designated area outside the image area.

Montuori, J. S.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Bioreactor Mass Transport Studies

The objectives of the proposed research efforts were to develop both a simulation tool and a series of experiments to provide a quantitative assessment of mass transport in the NASA rotating wall perfused vessel (RWPV) bioreactor to be flown on EDU#2. This effort consisted of a literature review of bioreactor mass transport studies, the extension of an existing scalar transport computer simulation to include production and utilization of the scalar, and the evaluation of experimental techniques for determining mass transport in these vessels. Since mass transport at the cell surface is determined primarily by the relative motion of the cell assemblage and the surrounding fluid, a detailed assessment of the relative motion was conducted. Results of the simulations of the motion of spheres in the RWPV under microgravity conditions are compared with flight data from EDU#1 flown on STS-70. The mass transport across the cell membrane depends upon the environment, the cell type, and the biological state of the cell. Results from a literature review of cell requirements of several scalars are presented. As a first approximation, a model with a uniform spatial distribution of utilization or production was developed and results from these simulations are presented. There were two candidate processes considered for the experimental mass transport evaluations. The first was to measure the dissolution rate of solid or gel beads. The second was to measure the induced fluorescence of beads as a stimulant (for example hydrogen peroxide) is infused into the vessel. Either technique would use video taped images of the process for recording the quantitative results. Results of preliminary tests of these techniques are discussed.

Kleis, Stanley J.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Single-Camera Panoramic-Imaging Systems

Panoramic detection systems (PDSs) are developmental video monitoring and image-data processing systems that, as their name indicates, acquire panoramic views. More specifically, a PDS acquires images from an approximately cylindrical field of view that surrounds an observation platform. The main subsystems and components of a basic PDS are a charge-coupled- device (CCD) video camera and lens, transfer optics, a panoramic imaging optic, a mounting cylinder, and an image-data-processing computer. The panoramic imaging optic is what makes it possible for the single video camera to image the complete cylindrical field of view; in order to image the same scene without the benefit of the panoramic imaging optic, it would be necessary to use multiple conventional video cameras, which have relatively narrow fields of view.

Lindner, Jeffrey L.↗